Cases
Total Energy Services Inc. v. Canada, 2025 FCA 77
In September 2007, a company (“Nexia”), which traded in loss companies, acquired all of non-voting common shares of an insolvent public...
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| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 111 - Subsection 111(5) | Deans Knight applied to the acquisition of a public lossco by a SIFT trust | 275 |
Madison Pacific Properties Inc. v. Canada, 2025 FCA 20
Under a “restart” plan, the appellant changed its name, spun out its existing mining assets so that it was a shell with only tax losses, and...
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| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 248 - Subsection 248(10) | series of transactions included the subsequent loss utilization which motivated corporate restart transactions | 248 |
Magren Holdings Ltd v. Canada, 2024 FCA 202
The taxpayers were private companies controlled by a resident individual (Grenon), whose RRSP held 58% of the units of a publicly traded income...
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| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(1) - Tax Benefit | avoidance of Pt. III tax liability was a tax benefit | 529 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(2) | it is reasonable to assess a 60% tax under s. 245(2) if that was the quantum of tax whose avoidance represented the tax benefit | 212 |
| Tax Topics - General Concepts - Ownership | RRSP trust transferred the ownership of the income fund units in which it transacted | 325 |
| Tax Topics - General Concepts - Sham | finding of sham must consider what are in fact the real transactions | 50 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 248 - Subsection 248(1) - Disposition - Paragraph (e) | transfer of property by a trust is a disposition unless to an agent | 114 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 104 - Subsection 104(6) | capital gain can be distributed on a redemption of units | 298 |
3295940 Canada Inc. v. Canada, 2024 FCA 42
The taxpayer (3295) was a holding company with a minority shareholding in a target company (Holdings) with a low ACB, whereas the holding company...
The King v. MMV Capital Partners Inc., 2023 FCA 234
A venture capital corporation (MMV) acquired 49% of the voting common shares of the respondent while in interim bankruptcy proceedings and...
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| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 111 - Subsection 111(5) | abuse of s. 111(5) for unrelated corporations to use losses from another business | 295 |
Deans Knight Income Corp. v. Canada, 2023 SCC 16
The non-capital losses of $90M, and other tax attributes (the “Tax Attributes”) of the taxpayer, were effectively sold to arm’s length...
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| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 111 - Subsection 111(5) | rationale of s. 111(5) addresses where there is a change in the identity of those behind a corporation | 416 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 256 - Subsection 256(5.1) | lender to distressed corporation may have de facto control | 118 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 248 - Subsection 248(10) | series includes transactions undertaken before or after the series in relation to the series | 75 |
Canada v. Alta Energy Luxembourg S.A.R.L., 2021 SCC 49, [2021] 3 S.C.R. 590
A Blackstone limited partnership and a U.S. shale company transferred their investment in a Canadian subsidiary (Alta Canada), that was to develop...
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| Tax Topics - Treaties - Income Tax Conventions - Article 13 | utilization of the business property exemption by a Luxembourg conduit accorded with the bargain negotiated by Canada, which was to encourage investment by such investors | 605 |
| Tax Topics - Treaties - Income Tax Conventions - Article 4 | a company resident under Luxembourg domestic law (its legal seat was there), and that was “liable to be liable to tax,” was resident there for Treaty purposes even though a conduit | 366 |
| Tax Topics - Treaties - Income Tax Conventions | subsequent OECD Treaty commentary not followed | 198 |
| Tax Topics - Statutory Interpretation - Treaties | additional consideration in Treaty context of giving effect to the contractual bargain | 237 |
Canada v. Deans Knight Income Corporation, 2021 FCA 160, aff'd 2023 SCC 16
The non-capital losses of $90M, and other tax attributes of the taxpayer, were effectively sold to arm’s length investors pursuant to...
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| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 111 - Subsection 111(5) - Paragraph 111(5)(a) | the object and spirit of s. 111(5) is abused on an arm’s length acquisition of “actual” (albeit, not de jure) control of a Lossco | 522 |
The Gladwin Realty Corporation v. Canada, 2020 FCA 142
The taxpayer, a private real estate corporation, rolled a property under s. 97(2) into a newly-formed limited partnership, with the LP then...
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| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(1) - Tax Benefit | tax benefit did not arise until alleged excessive CDA utilized outside a corporate group | 261 |
Canada v. Alta Energy Luxembourg S.A.R.L., 2020 FCA 43, aff'd 2021 SCC 49
A Blackstone LP and a U.S. shale company transferred their investment in a Canadian subsidiary (Alta Canada), that was to develop a shale...
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| Tax Topics - Treaties - Income Tax Conventions - Article 13 | Treaty shopping was not an abuse | 391 |
Birchcliff Energy Ltd. v. Canada, 2019 FCA 151
A newly-launched public corporation (“Predecessor Birchcliff”), accessed the losses of a Lossco (Veracel), in order to shelter the profits...
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| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 256 - Subsection 256(7) - Paragraph 256(7)(b) - Subparagraph 256(7)(b)(iii) - Clause 256(7)(b)(iii)(B) | policy is to exclude the truly larger corporation (ignoring transitory cash) from loss streaming rules | 299 |
Madison Pacific Properties Inc. v. Canada, 2019 FCA 19
Predecessors of the taxpayers had been acquired for their losses in transactions where less than 50% of their voting shares, but more than 90% of...
2763478 Canada Inc. v. Canada, 2018 FCA 209
An individual did not sell his shares of an operating company (Groupe AST) directly to a third-party purchaser, but instead transferred them on a...
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| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 248 - Subsection 248(10) | 9 month separation did not avoid series | 290 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(3) | not each transaction in series effecting an estate freeze had that objective | 417 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(6) | individual allegedly suffering double taxation re s. 245(2) denial of capital loss of his corporation failed to apply under s. 245(6) within 180 days | 327 |
Canada v. 594710 British Columbia Ltd., 2018 FCA 166
The taxpayer was a holding company which wholly-owned a “Partnerco” holding an approximate ¼ limited partnership interest in a strata...
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| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 160 - Subsection 160(1) | stock dividend followed by redemption of the stock dividend shares effected in combination a transfer of property for no consideration | 334 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 103 - Subsection 103(1) | s. 103(1) likely applies to the allocation of most of the partnership profits at year end to a lossco that never had significant economic interest or risk in the partnership business | 327 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 152 - Subsection 152(8) | s. 152(8) cured an error in an assessment as to when the taxation year in question commenced | 371 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 96 - Subsection 96(1) - Paragraph 96(1)(f) | purpose of s. 96 is for income allocation to be allocated in accordance with economic participation | 102 |
Pomerleau v. Canada, 2018 FCA 129
To simplify the facts somewhat by ignoring transactions in which the taxpayer accessed tax attributes of his sister, the taxpayer wanted to...
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| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 84.1 - Subsection 84.1(2) - Paragraph 84.1(2)(a.1) - Subparagraph 84.1(2)(a.1)(ii) | GAAR applied to converting soft ACB (generated from crystallizing the capital gains deduction) into pseudo-hard ACB under s. 53(1)(f.2) for use in extracting surplus | 497 |
Wild v. Canada (Attorney General), 2018 FCA 114
Mr. Wild stepped up the adjusted cost base of his investment in a small business corporation (PWR) by transferring his PWR common shares to two...
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| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 84.1 - Subsection 84.1(1) | transactions to bump PUC did not abuse s. 84.1 prior to use of such PUC to strip surplus | 207 |
Fiducie financière Satoma v. Canada, 2018 FCA 74
In order to strip surplus of an operating corporation (“Gennium”) controlled by the Pilon family, a dividend paid by Gennium was distributed...
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| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(1) - Tax Benefit | tax benefit to trust from tax-free dividend even though not distributed to a beneficiary | 277 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 3 | pervasive rule that the same income is not to be taxed in 2 persons’ hands | 148 |
| Tax Topics - Statutory Interpretation - Double Taxation/Deduction (Presumption Against) | inclusion of income in more than one taxpayer’s hands is contrary to s. 3 | 173 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 112 - Subsection 112(1) | abusive to use s. 112(1) so as to avoid ultimate taxation of individuals | 180 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 75 - Subsection 75(2) | use of s. 75(2) to access s. 112(1) deduction for dividend in fact received by family trust, was abusive | 286 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 82 - Subsection 82(2) | s. 82(2) supports the primacy of s. 75(2) over the actual dividend recipient | 60 |
Canada v. Oxford Properties Group Inc., 2018 FCA 30
A corporation (“BPC”), which was mostly owned by a Canadian pension fund (“OMERS”), obtained the agreement of a predecessor of the...
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| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 88 - Subsection 88(1) - Paragraph 88(1)(d) | s. 88(1)(d) bump is intended to permit the transfer of ACB that otherwise would be lost to another property that is taxed in the same way | 371 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 98 - Subsection 98(3) - Paragraph 98(3)(c) | s. 98(3)(c) bump is intended to avoid gain realization where there has been no economic gain | 267 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 69 - Subsection 69(11) | 3-year time limitation in s. 69(11) did not establish safe harbor for avoidance of recapture on sale after that period | 382 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 100 - Subsection 100(1) | purpose is to ensure that latent recapture will be recognized on sale to tax exempt | 254 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 97 - Subsection 97(2) | object includes ultimate taxation of the deferred gain | 234 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 171 - Subsection 171(1) | GAAR question as to determining a provision’s object was subject to correctness standard | 169 |
| Tax Topics - Statutory Interpretation - Hansard, explanatory notes, etc. | statement that amendment was for “clarification” was self-serving | 209 |
| Tax Topics - Statutory Interpretation - Interpretation Act - Subsection 45(2) | determination of whether amendment merely clarified requires review of pre-amendment state of law | 146 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(2) | consequential s. 245(2) adjustment must be scaled to the abuse | 391 |
GUY GERVAIS V. HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN, 2018 FCA 3
The taxpayer’s wife (Mrs. Gendron) purchased 1.04M preferred shares from the taxpayer (Mr. Gervais) at a cost of $1.04M (with Mr. Gervais...
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| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 74.2 - Subsection 74.2(1) | purpose of ensuring that a gain deferred under interspousal rollover is attributed back to the transferor | 241 |
Univar Holdco Canada ULC v. Canada, 2017 FCA 207
A non-resident's acquisition of the shares of a Netherlands public company (Univar NV) indirectly holding the shares of a valuable Canadian...
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| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 212.1 - Subsection 212.1(4) | using old s. 212.1(4) to extract surplus from a non-resident target’s Canadian sub was not abusive | 371 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(2) | the result achieved (no s. 212.1 withholding) accorded with the underlying policy of permitting surplus stripping as part of an arm’s length acquisition | 109 |
Canada v. Superior Plus Corp., 2015 DTC 5118 [at at 6319], 2015 FCA 241, aff'g 2015 TCC 132
The Superior Plus Income Fund (the "Fund") effectively converted (in accordance with the distribution method contemplated under s. 107(3.1)) into...
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| Tax Topics - General Concepts - Solicitor-Client Privilege | non-tax legal opinion produced on discovery which potentially supported a GAAR argument did not entail implied waiver of tax memos until used in evidence | 200 |
Inter-Leasing, Inc. v. Ontario (Revenue), 2014 ONCA 575
In order to minimize provincial income tax, a Canadian corporate group restructured so that various intercompany debts were owing (on a...
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| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 115 - Subsection 115(1) - Paragraph 115(1)(a) - Subparagraph 115(1)(a)(ii) | holding intercompany loans was not a business, corporate objects presumption not applied | 366 |
Canada v. Global Equity Fund Ltd., 2013 DTC 5007 [at 5526], 2012 FCA 272
The taxpayer subscribed for common shares of a new subsidiary for approximately $5.6 million, which then declared a stock dividend in the form of...
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| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 152 - Subsection 152(9) | on appeal to FCA, Crown could not introduce new arguments that required further evidence | 295 |
1207192 Ontario Limited v. Canada, 2012 DTC 5157 [at at 7396], 2012 FCA 259, aff'g 2011 DTC 1301 [at 1686], 2011 TCC 383
This was a companion case to Triad Gestco.
The taxpayer, which had realized a capital gain of $2,974,386, transferred cash and marketable...
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| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(3) | purpose objectively determined | 141 |
Triad Gestco Ltd. v. Canada, 2012 DTC 5156 [at at 7385], 2012 FCA 258
The taxpayer, which was directed and controlled by Mr. Cohen, and which had realized a capital gain of approximately $8 million, transferred $8...
Canada Safeway v. Alberta, 2012 DTC 5133 [at at 7271], 2012 ABCA 232
This case was a companion decision to Husky Energy.
An Alberta taxpayer ("CSL") borrowed $600 million from its Alberta parent ("CSHL") over the...
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| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(3) | focus on whether individual transactions are avoidance transactions | 139 |
Husky Energy v. Alberta, 2012 DTC 5132 [at at 7262], 2012 ABCA 231
Copthorne Holdings Ltd. v. Canada, 2012 DTC 5006 [at at 6536], 2011 SCC 63, [2011] 3 S.C.R. 721
The ultimate controlling family members decided that a Canadian subsidiary ("Copthorne I") should be amalgamated with a wholly-owned subsidiary of...
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| Tax Topics - General Concepts - Stare Decisis | high threshold for reversing not met | 193 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(1) - Tax Benefit | tax benefit illuminated by comparison to reasonable and simpler alternative | 425 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 248 - Subsection 248(10) | "in contemplation" could be retrospective | 341 |
| Tax Topics - Statutory Interpretation - Expressio Unius est Exclusio Alterius | implied exclusion principle | 109 |
St. Michael Trust Corp. v. Canada, 2010 DTC 5189 [at at 7361], 2010 FCA 309, aff'd sub nom Fundy Settlement v. Canada, 2012 DTC 5063 [at 6881], 2012 SCC 14
After finding against the taxpayers on the grounds inter alia that two Barbados trusts were resident in Canada, Sharlow, J.A. found that if...
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| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 94 - old | 209 | |
| Tax Topics - Treaties - Income Tax Conventions - Article 4 | 86 |
Lehigh Cement Limited v. Canada, 2010 DTC 5081 [at at 6844], 2010 FCA 124
After the terms of the debt owing by the taxpayer to a non-resident affiliate were amended so that they would comply with various requirements of...
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| Tax Topics - Statutory Interpretation - Legislative History | 90 |
Canada v. Remai, 2009 DTC 5188 [at at 6257], 2009 FCA 340
In order to make promissory notes that he had donated to a charitable foundation cease to be non-qualifying securities, the taxpayer arranged for...
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| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 251 - Subsection 251(1) - Paragraph 251(1)(c) | providing a favour is consistent with arm's length dealing | 222 |
| Tax Topics - Statutory Interpretation - Redundancy/reading in words | provision not to be interpreted such that it can never apply | 40 |
Collins & Aikman Products Co. v. The Queen, 2009 DTC 1179 [at at 958], 2009 TCC 299, aff'd 2010 DTC 5164 [at 7293], 2010 FCA 251
The taxpayer ("Products"), which was a corporation resident in the U.S., transferred the shares of its subsidiary ("CAHL"), which was non-resident...
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| Tax Topics - General Concepts - Payment & Receipt | payment by direction | 142 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 152 - Subsection 152(1.12) | 190 | |
| Tax Topics - Statutory Interpretation - Retroactivity/Retrospectivity | 72 |
Canada v. Landrus, 2009 DTC 5085 [at at 5840], 2009 FCA 113
A partnership of which the taxpayer was a member ("Roseland II") and another partnership ("Roseland I") owning a similar and adjacent condominium...
Lipson v. Canada, 2009 DTC 5528, 2009 SCC 1, [2009] 1 S.C.R. 3
The taxpayer's wife ("Jordanna") borrowed $562,500 from the Bank of Montreal under an interest-bearing demand promissory note in order to purchase...
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| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 74.1 - Subsection 74.1(1) | purpose of attribution rules: preventing use of related-person status to reduce tax when transferring property/attribution of interest expense | 248 |
Canada v. MIL (Investments) S.A., 2007 DTC 5437, 2007 FCA 236
In March 1993 an individual ("Boulle") transferred his shares of a Canadian public junior exploration company ("DFR") to the taxpayer, which was a...
Mathew v. Canada, 2005 DTC 5538, 2005 SCC 55, [2005] 2 S.C.R. 643
An insolvent trust company ("STC") transferred a portfolio of mortgages with unrealized losses to a partnership of which a wholly-owned subsidiary...
Canada Trustco Mortgage Co. v. Canada, 2005 SCC 54, [2005] 2 S.C.R. 601, 2005 DTC 5523
The taxpayer purchased trailers from the U.S. user of the trailers ("TLI"), with the taxpayer appointing TLI as its agent to hold title on its...
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| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(1) - Tax Benefit | tax benefit if taxable income reduction or on basis of comparison to alternative | 132 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 248 - Subsection 248(10) | "in contemplation" references "because of" or "in relation to" | 127 |
| Tax Topics - Statutory Interpretation - Certainty | interpretive approach should be consistent with tax law being certain, predictable and fair, | 131 |
| Tax Topics - Statutory Interpretation - Ordinary Meaning | primacy to ordinary meaning if unequivocal | 96 |
Canada v. Imperial Oil Ltd., 2004 DTC 6044, 2004 FCA 36
The Court affirmed the finding of the Tax Court that the claiming of an investment allowance by the taxpayer on short-term loans made by it close...
Canada v. Produits Forestiers Donohue Inc., 2003 DTC 5471, 2002 FCA 422
In order to realize an allowable business investment loss on its investment in a corporation ("DMI") held jointly by it and a third party...
Novopharm Ltd. v. Canada, 2003 DTC 5195, 2003 FCA 112
A profitable Canadian corporation ("Novopharm") acquired losses approximating $20 million of an arm's-length corporation ("Lossco") through a...
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| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 20 - Subsection 20(1) - Paragraph 20(1)(c) | borrowing to receive deemed dividend | 352 |
Canada v. Canadian Pacific Ltd., 2002 DTC 6742, [2002] 3 F.C. 170, 2002 FCA 98
The taxpayer borrowed 216 million in Australian dollars under debentures bearing interest at 16.125% per annum and that had been issued at a 2%...
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| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(3) | primary purpose of a borrowing in a tax-advantageous currency was to raise money | 290 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(1) - Transaction | an aspect of a transaction is not a transaction | 249 |
OSFC Holdings Ltd. v. Canada, 2001 DTC 5471, 2001 FCA 260
After becoming insolvent, a company ("Standard") in the mortgages business established a partnership, transferred a mortgage portfolio to the...
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| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(3) | significant disparity between tax benefit and commercial return from transaction | 263 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 248 - Subsection 248(10) | s. 248(10) assimilates a subsequent transaction to a common-law series if it has some connection with the series and is completed in contemplation thereof | 344 |
| Tax Topics - Statutory Interpretation - Interpretation Bulletins, etc. | 70 | |
| Tax Topics - Statutory Interpretation - Interpretation/Definition Provisions | deeming v. definition provisions | 46 |
Longley v. Minister of National Revenue, 99 DTC 5549, [1999] 4 CTC 108 (B.C.S.C.)
Quijano J. found that GAAR would not apply to an arrangement under which taxpayers made contributions to a fringe political party on the basis...
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| Tax Topics - Statutory Interpretation - Hansard, explanatory notes, etc. | 69 |
See Also
Harvard Properties Inc. v. The King, 2024 TCC 139
A Calgary shopping mall was sold by Harvard Properties and the other co-owners to a third party (“Abacus”) in a share sale transaction but at...
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| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 160 - Subsection 160(1) | sale of shares, in a structured transaction, at a price that did not reflect a discount for the underlying accrued taxes, was indicative of non-arm's length dealing | 643 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 251 - Subsection 251(1) - Paragraph 251(1)(c) | transaction premium to a share-sale valuation was not reflective of ordinary commercial dealings | 431 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(2) | GAAR alternative basis was not statute-barred where the primary assessment (under s. 160(2)) was not subject to statute-barring | 197 |
| Tax Topics - General Concepts - Fair Market Value - Shares | shares of company whose only assets were escrowed for an imminently-closing sale transaction did not have any value | 285 |
Lark Investments Inc. v. The King, 2024 TCC 30
A week before realizing a $119 million capital gain, the taxpayer, which until then was wholly-owned by a Canadian-resident individual, issued...
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| Tax Topics - Other Legislation/Constitution - Federal - Tax Court of Canada Rules (General Procedure) - Section 63 | Crown’s vague pleading that GAAR applied to convert a CCPC to non-CCPC was struck, but with leave to amend | 251 |
| Tax Topics - Other Legislation/Constitution - Federal - Tax Court of Canada Rules (General Procedure) - Section 8 | fresh start rule inapplicable where defects in Crown’s pleading did not become apparent until a subsequent procedural stage | 230 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 169 - Subsection 169(1) | process behind assessment not relevant to its validity | 100 |
ARQ v. Kone Inc., 2024 QCCA 678
The taxpayer (“KQI”), a Canadian operating subsidiary in the Kone multinational group, used group funds advanced to it by a group company...
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| Tax Topics - General Concepts - Sham | agreement to treat a repo as a loan for US tax purposes did not support “sham” | 237 |
DAC Investment Holdings Inc. v. The King, 2024 TCC 63
With a view to its imminent disposition of the shares of a subsidiary which it had acquired on a rollover basis, the taxpayer continued to the...
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| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 123.3 | object of s. 123.3 was to impose refundable tax only on CCPCs | 214 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 123.4 - Subsection 123.4(1) - Full Rate Taxable Income - Paragraph (b) - Subparagraph (b)(iii) | rate reduction for investment income was intended to apply to non-CCPCs since they did not enjoy refundable tax | 253 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 250 - Subsection 250(5.1) | rationale of s. 250(5.1) is to equate the place of continuance of a corporation with its place of incorporation | 205 |
DEML Investments Limited v. The King, 2024 TCC 27
In early 2008, the sale of petroleum and natural gas (PNG) rights by an arm’s length vendor (Transglobe) to the parent (Direct Energy) of the...
Total Energy Services Inc., 2024 TCC 12
In September, 2007, most of the equity of an insolvent public corporation (“Xillix”) was acquired by the company (“Nexia”) of two...
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| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 111 - Subsection 111(5) | s. 256(7)(c.1) merely clarified that the acquisition of a public company lossco by a SIFT trust was an abuse of s. 111(5) | 326 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 248 - Subsection 248(10) | acquisition of loss company and its merger with a loss user 1 ½ years later were part of the same series | 230 |
Madison Pacific Properties Inc. v. The King, 2023 TCC 180
The appellant (“MPP”) was an insolvent, publicly traded, mining company with accumulated net capital losses of $72.7 million. In order for two...
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| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 111 - Subsection 111(4) | two acquirers of most of the equity of a Lossco were acting in concert so as to constitute a group | 465 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(1) - Tax Benefit | in the alternative transaction, two acquirers of the shares of a Lossco would have been acting in concert so as to be a group that acquired control of the Lossco | 291 |
Husky Energy Inc. v. The King, 2023 TCC 167
Before a Canadian public corporation (“Husky”) paid a dividend on its shares, two significant shareholders of Husky resident in Barbados (the...
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| Tax Topics - Treaties - Income Tax Conventions - Article 10 | recipient of dividends on borrowed shares was not their beneficial owner because of requirement to pay dividend compensation payments | 270 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 212 - Subsection 212(2) | tax under s. 212(2) imposed on the basis of payment of dividend to a non-resident rather than on the basis of who is the beneficial owner | 405 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(1) - Tax Benefit | no tax benefit under s. 215(6) from targeted reduced rate of dividend withholding if in base transaction, the Canadian dividend payer would have withheld at the higher rate | 347 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(3) | transactions were carried out to reduce Part XIII tax rather than avoid Barbados income tax | 131 |
Québecor Inc. v. The King, 2023 TCC 142
In December 2005, the appellant (“Québecor”) held 54.72% of the shares of another holding company (“Québecor Media”) which, in turn,...
Kone Inc. v. ARQ, 2022 QCCQ 9892, aff'd 2024 QCCA 678
The taxpayer (“KQI”), which was a resident Canadian corporation engaged in an elevator and escalator installation and repair business and...
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| Tax Topics - General Concepts - Sham | substance of a repo as a secured loan for US tax purposes did not establish that it was a sham | 309 |
Mony v. The King, 2022 TCC 120
The taxpayer, agreed to sell his shares of a Canadian-controlled private corporation (“Créaform”), having a nominal ACB, to third parties. On...
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| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(3) | transaction can be chosen to be more tax-advantageous than an alternative, and still not be an avoidance transaction – but here, a transaction was effected solely for tax reasons | 467 |
Frucor Suntory New Zealand Limited v Commissioner of Inland Revenue, [2022] NZSC 113
In January 2002, a New Zealand “Buyco” (DHNZ) in the Danone group had acquired a NZ target company. In March 2003, in connection with the...
Coopers Park Real Estate Development Corporation v. The Queen, 2022 TCC 82
The taxpayer, which had been assessed under s. 245(2) to deny the carryforward of losses and credits, sought the discovery of proposals made by...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Other Legislation/Constitution - Federal - Tax Court of Canada Rules (General Procedure) - Section 83 - Subsection 83(1) | documents reviewed by the GAAR Committee, in a similar case that then was applied to the taxpayer, were discoverable | 454 |
3295940 Canada Inc. v. The Queen, 2022 TCC 68, rev'd 2024 FCA 42
Following preliminary transactions, on June 28, 2004, a Canadian holding company (“Micsau”) held all the shares, having a fair market value...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 83 - Subsection 83(2) | use of capital dividend to avoid s. 55(2) abused the capital dividend system | 533 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 88 - Subsection 88(1) - Paragraph 88(1)(d.2) | indirect use of high outside basis in the taxpayer’s shares as compared to basis in shares sold by it was contrary to the policy of prohibiting a bump of the inside basis | 195 |
Magren Holdings Ltd. v. The Queen, 2021 TCC 42, aff'd on other grounds 2024 FCA 202
The appellants engaged in transactions which were intended to result in the realization by them of substantial capital gains (resulting in...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 185 - Subsection 185(3) | Part III tax assessments of distributions of gains that were denied outside the Part I tax normal reassessment period were not statute-barred | 314 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 185 - Subsection 185(1) | no requirement to issue separate assessment for each election, and no remedy for inordinate time to issue assessments | 396 |
| Tax Topics - General Concepts - Ownership | acquisition of income fund units to be held for a few days before their redemption did not represent an acquisition of beneficial ownership | 549 |
| Tax Topics - General Concepts - Sham | transactions did not result in real capital losses | 306 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 184 - Subsection 184(3) | election was not available where a CDA sham | 365 |
Grenon v. The Queen, 2021 TCC 30
In order that the taxpayer’s RRSP could indirectly invest in operating businesses in which he and/or two business colleagues had a management...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Regulations - Regulation 4801 - Paragraph 4801(a) - Subparagraph 4801(a)(i) - Clause 4801(a)(i)(A) | distribution of units that included significant purchases by minors and by adults who did not pay for their own units, was unlawful | 756 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 204.2 - Subsection 204.2(1.1) | alleged distribution from non-qualified investment was not an over-contribution | 277 |
| Tax Topics - General Concepts - Window Dressing | window-dressing is a deception about intention | 312 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 207.1 - Subsection 207.1(1) | non-qualified investments not “included” in annuitant’s income because it was never assessed | 346 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 152 - Subsection 152(4) | CRA’s assessing listed taxable RRSPs in a T3GR global return was not of the taxpayer’s (also listed) RRSP /inappropriate reliance in legal opinion on certificate of fact was carelessness | 441 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 207.2 - Subsection 207.2(3) | CRA’s assessment of Pt. XI.1 shown on the T3GR for all RRSPs of one type did not start the normal reassessment period for the taxpayer’s RRSP since no tax shown for it | 370 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Regulations - Regulation 4900 - Subsection 4900(1) - Paragraph 4900(1)(d.2) | distribution was not lawful because the issuer had not complied with the OM exemption, which was the exemption that it had chosen to rely on | 290 |
MMV Capital Partners Inc. v. The Queen, 2020 TCC 82, rev'd 2023 FCA 234
A venture capital corporation (“MMV Finance”) was issued, early in 2011, voting common shares of a corporation (“MMV”) (that was in...
Rogers Enterprises (2015) Inc. v. The Queen, 2020 TCC 92
To simplify somewhat, a group of private corporations owned for the benefit of the Rogers family structured their affairs such that one...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(1) - Tax Benefit | no tax benefit where alleged excessive CDA addition was not distributed to individual shareholders | 498 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 89 - Subsection 89(1) - Capital Dividend Account - Paragraph (d) - Subparagraph (d)(iii) | 2016 amendment changed the law so as to reduce CDA bump by policyholder’s ACB | 259 |
Deans Knight Income Corporation v. The Queen, 2019 TCC 76, rev'd 2021 FCA 160
The “Tax Attributes” of a Lossco (the taxpayer) were effectively sold to arm’s length investors pursuant to transactions under which:
- The...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 251 - Subsection 251(5) - Paragraph 251(5)(b) - Subparagraph 251(5)(b)(i) | 3rd party was expected to, but could not require, an acquisition of voting control | 589 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 256 - Subsection 256(8) | loss streaming rules are conditioned on an acquisition of effective control | 132 |
Gladwin Realty Corporation v. The Queen, 2019 TCC 62, aff'd 2020 FCA 142
The taxpayer, which carried on a commercial real estate business and had September 30 year ends, transferred on a s. 97(2) rollover basis a...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 89 - Subsection 89(1) - Capital Dividend Account - Paragraph (a) | contrary to purpose of the capital dividend rules to fully exempt a capital gains distribution | 300 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 40 - Subsection 40(3.1) | purpose of s. 40(3.1) is to trigger gain on extraction of excess funds by passive partners | 330 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 123.3 | no CRA challenge to continuance to BVI to avoid s. 123.3 tax | 96 |
Les Développements Iberville Ltée v. Agence du Revenu du Québec, 2018 QCCA 1886 (Quebec Court of Appeal)
Three affiliated Quebec corporations (Développements, Location and Estrie) would have realized gains totaling $728.9 million (plus recapture of...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 85 - Subsection 85(1) | abuse of Quebec equivalents of ss. 85(1) and 97(2) to avoid (rather than defer) tax | 420 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 9 - Capital Gain vs. Profit - Real Estate | property bifurcated between capital and income portion on acquisition | 98 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 18 - Subsection 18(1) - Paragraph 18(1)(b) - Capital Expenditure v. Expense - Improvements v. Repairs or Running Expense | improvements to leased retail premises were not demonstrated to be made only at tenants’ requests | 106 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Regulations - Regulation 402 - Subsection 402(6) | purpose of inter-provincial allocation rules is for 109% of income to be allocated and taxed | 558 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 249.1 - Subsection 249.1(1) | no policy of permitting differing Quebec and federal year ends | 196 |
Loblaw Financial Holdings Inc. v. The Queen, 2018 TCC 182, rev'd on s. 95(1) - investment business - (a) (arm's length conduct) grounds 2020 FCA 79, in turn aff'd 2021 SCC 51
The taxpayer, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Loblaws (a Canadian public company), wholly-owned a Barbados subsidiary (GBL), that was...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 165 - Subsection 165(1.11) | requirement met where Crown knew the nature and quantum of the dispute | 269 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 95 - Subsection 95(1) - Foreign Bank | CFA qualified as a foreign bank since it was licensed under Barbados law as an international bank | 123 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 95 - Subsection 95(1) - Investment Business - Paragraph (a) | Barbados-licensed international bank, which used Loblaw funding to invest responsively to Loblaw considerations, conducted an offside non-arm’s length business | 429 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 95 - Subsection 95(1) - Investment Business - Paragraph (c) | employee equivalents was reduced by employee time described in s. 95(2)(b) | 290 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 9 - Capital Gain vs. Profit - Foreign Exchange | short-term debt securities were inventory because they were the raw material for generating swap income | 130 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 152 - Subsection 152(4.01) - Paragraph 152(4.01)(a) - Subparagraph 152(4.01)(a)(ii) | GAAR is generally a separate matter rather than being subsumed in the allegedly-misused substantive provision | 208 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(3) | application of GAAR required the occurrence of an avoidance transaction (or series) in non-statute-barred years and the relevant previous year’s avoidance transaction did not occur as part of the series | 512 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 248 - Subsection 248(10) | hiring of employees 15-years previously to engage foreign bank exception to investment business definition was not part of same series as renewal of foreign bank licence | 228 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 95 - Subsection 95(2) - Paragraph 95(2)(l) | purpose of s. 95(2)(l) exception was to permit non-resident subsidiaries of Canadian banks and dealers to compete internationally | 190 |
Custeau v. Agence du revenu du Québec, 2018 QCCQ 5692, aff'd 2020 QCCA 1496
When the taxpayers’ corporation (“Opco”), a small business corporation, was in financial difficulty, a Quebec regional development fund...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(3) | generation and subsequent use of PUC exceeding taxpayers’ invested capital were not avoidance transactions as this generation was imposed by arm’s length investor | 585 |
Alta Energy Luxembourg S.A.R.L. v The Queen, 2018 TCC 152, aff'd 2020 FCA 43, aff'd 2021 SCC 49
A Blackstone LP and a U.S. shale company held their investment in a Canadian subsidiary (Alta Canada), that was to develop a shale formation in...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Treaties - Income Tax Conventions - Article 13 | a large exploration property in which only six wells had been drilled qualified as immovable property used in the business | 400 |
| Tax Topics - Statutory Interpretation - Interpretation Bulletins, etc. | taxpayers should be able to rely on CRA position in making a capital investment | 125 |
9199-3899 Québec inc. v. Agence du revenu du Québec, 2017 QCCA 1524
In order to reduce Quebec capital tax, the taxpayer lent $350M on a non-interest-bearing basis to its parent on January 27, 2005, and claimed this...
Birchcliff Energy Ltd. v. The Queen, 2017 TCC 234
A newly-launched public corporation ("Birchcliff") sought to access the losses of a lossco ("Veracel") in order to shelter the profits from...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - General Concepts - Sham | ephemeral transactions under a Plan of Arrangement were not a sham | 215 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 251.2 - Subsection 251.2(2) - Paragraph 251.2(2)(a) | proxy which accorded no discretion to a class of shareholders did not render them a group | 221 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(3) | series of transactions found to be an avoidance transaction | 306 |
2763478 Canada Inc. v. The Queen, 2017 TCC 98, aff'd 2018 CAF 209
An individual did not sell his shares of an operating company (Groupe AST) directly to a third-party purchaser. Instead he rolled his shares into...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(3) | not every transaction had estate-freezing objective | 312 |
Fiducie Financière Satoma v. The Queen, 2017 TCC 84, aff'd 2018 FCA 74
$6.3 million in funds was extracted from a private operating company (“Gennium”) by paying those dividends to a holding company (“9134”),...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(1) - Tax Benefit | tax benefit even though corporate surplus stripped in favour of family trust had not so far been distributed | 215 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 75 - Subsection 75(2) | s. 75(2) application ousts dividend inclusion to income recipient (in absence of GAAR) | 114 |
MP Western Properties Inc. v. The Queen, 2017 TCC 82, aff'd sub nomine Madison Pacific Properties Inc. v. Canada, 2019 FCA 19
Predecessors of the taxpayers had been acquired for their losses in transactions where less than 50% of their voting shares, but more than 90% of...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Other Legislation/Constitution - Federal - Tax Court of Canada Rules (General Procedure) - Section 95 - Subsection 95(1) | Crown must produce all documents “considered by officials involved in or consulted during” a GAAR-related audit | 304 |
1245989 Alberta Ltd. v. The Queen, 2017 TCC 51, rev'd sub nom. Wild v. Canada, 2018 FCA 114
An individual (Mr. Wild) stepped up the adjusted cost base of his investment in a small business corporation (PWR) by transferring his PWR common...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 84.1 - Subsection 84.1(1) | the use of class PUC-averaging to bump the PUC of personally-held shares was an abuse of s. 84.1 | 701 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(5) | assessment of PUC without current income effect | 34 |
Veracity Capital Corp. v. The Queen, 2017 BCCA 3
The following transactions occurred under a KPMG-advised “Q-Yes” plan for the avoidance of 90% of the B.C. income tax that otherwise would...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Statutory Interpretation - Inserting Words | Crown's interpretation entailed the addition of words that were already in a closely related provision | 201 |
594710 British Columbia Ltd. v. The Queen, 2016 TCC 288, rev'd 2018 FCA 166
The taxpayer was a holding company and Canadian-controlled private corporation which wholly-owned a “Partnerco” holding a 24.975% limited...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 160 - Subsection 160(1) | indirect transfer of property to taxpayer did not entail departure from FMV | 462 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(2) | GAAR reassessment must reflect the abuse | 315 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 96 - Subsection 96(1) - Paragraph 96(1)(f) | LP profits can be allocated to purchasing partner at year end | 278 |
Pomerleau c. La Reine, 2016 TCC 228, aff'd 2018 FCA 129
An individual taxpayer engaged in a surplus-stripping transaction similar to transactions in a ruling which CRA had resiled from following...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 84.1 - Subsection 84.1(2) - Paragraph 84.1(2)(a.1) | GAAR applied to converting soft ACB (generated from crystallizing the capital gains deduction) into pseudo-hard ACB under s. 53(1)(f.2) for use in extracting surplus | 717 |
Oxford Properties Group Inc. v. The Queen, 2016 TCC 204, rev'd 2018 FCA 30
A corporation (“BPC”), which was mostly owned by a Canadian pension fund (“OMERS”), obtained the agreement of a predecessor of the...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 248 - Subsection 248(10) | subsequent sale part of series as it utilized the benefit of previous LP packaging and bump transactions | 387 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 97 - Subsection 97(2) | purpose not to tax underlying recapture on subsequent LP unit sale | 431 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 88 - Subsection 88(1) - Paragraph 88(1)(d) | purpose: to push down ACB of shares of sub to qualifying non-depreciable property | 489 |
| Tax Topics - Statutory Interpretation - Interpretation Act - Subsection 45(2) | subsequent amendment shed light on scope of previous version | 107 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 100 - Subsection 100(1) | S. 100 operates only on outside basis gain | 290 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 69 - Subsection 69(11) | Parliament provided safe harbour for sales after 3 years | 204 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 98 - Subsection 98(3) - Paragraph 98(3)(c) | purpose: to preserve high outside basis through push down | 293 |
Gervais v. The Queen, 2016 TCC 180, aff'd 2018 FCA 3
After a third party ("BW") had made an offer to purchase the shares of a Quebec manufacturing company ("Vulcain"), Mr. Gervais sold 1.04M Vulcain...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(3) | comparison with outright sale and gift | 193 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(1) - Tax Benefit | benefit compared to straight sale and gift | 166 |
R. v. Golini, 2016 TCC 174
A family corporation (“Ontario”) used proceeds of a daylight loan to redeem shares of Holdco, which used those proceeds to purchase a life...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 15 - Subsection 15(1) | a loan to a shareholder with recourse limited to an asset pledged by the corporation was a shareholder benefit | 589 |
| Tax Topics - General Concepts - Sham | sham doctrine did not apply to a "minor pretence" | 338 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 20 - Subsection 20(1) - Paragraph 20(1)(c) | interest deduction on limited recourse loan | 305 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 84 - Subsection 84(1) | policy of 84(1) | 219 |
Univar Holdco Canada ULC v. The Queen, 2016 TCC 159, rev'd 2017 FCA 207
An acquisition of the shares of a Netherlands public company indirectly holding the shares of a valuable Canadian sub (Univar Canada) with nominal...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 212.1 - Subsection 212.1(4) | creating a sandwich structure in order to access s. 212.1(4) was an abuse of the s. 212.1(1) anti-surplus stripping rule | 628 |
| Tax Topics - Statutory Interpretation - Interpretation Act - Subsection 45(3) | policy of current version of s. 212.1(4) confirmed by proposed amendment | 142 |
Veracity Capital Corporation v. M.N.R., 2015 DTC 5136 [at 6421], 2015 BCSC 2278, rev'd 2017 BCCA 3
The following transactions occurred under a KPMG-advised plan in order to avoid 90% of the B.C. income tax that otherwise would have been payable...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(3) | investment in LP units with 7.2% return was primarily for tax avoidance reasons/year end selections were avoidance transactions | 491 |
Birchcliff Energy Ltd. v. The Queen, 2015 TCC 232, nullified on procedural grounds 2017 FCA 89
Shortly after it became a public company, a predecessor ("Birchcliff") of the taxpayer entered into an agreement for a major acquisition of...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - General Concepts - Sham | transitory share issuance under plan of arrangement was not a sham | 177 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 111 - Subsection 111(5) - Paragraph 111(5)(a) | grant of proxy did not detract from investors acting individually in own interest | 237 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(3) | share subscription was avoidance transaction notwithstanding its "overarching purpose" was financing | 148 |
HMRC v Pendragon plc, [2015] UKSC 37
A scheme, which exploited a UK VAT rule which was intended to avoid double-taxation, so as to avoid tax, was found to be abusive. See summary...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Excise Tax Act - Section 274 - Subsection 274(4) | scheme, exploiting a rule intended to avoid double-taxation so as to avoid tax, was abusive | 755 |
Superior Plus Corp. v. The Queen, 2015 DTC 1124 [at at 765], 2015 TCC 132, aff'd 2015 FCA 241
The Superior Plus Income Fund (the "Fund") effectively converted (in accordance with the distribution method contemplated under s. 107(3.1)) into...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - General Concepts - Solicitor-Client Privilege | disclosure of commercial legal opinion did not entail waiver of privilege for tax legal opinions | 145 |
Barrasso v. The Queen, 2014 TCC 156
The taxpayer, who had realized a capital gain of $30 million earlier in the year, subscribed for Class A common shares of a corporation newly...
Descarries v. The Queen, 2014 DTC 1143 [at at 3412], 2014 TCC 75 (Informal Procedure)
The six taxpayers, who were siblings (or a step-daughter of their deceased father), held all the shares, having an aggregate fair market value...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 171 - Subsection 171(1) | free to raise an interpretation not advanced by either party | 83 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 84 - Subsection 84(2) | holdco distribution made out of loan from still-operating sub - s. 84(2) did not apply | 521 |
Pièces automobiles Lecavalier Inc. v. The Queen, 2014 DTC 1126, 2013 TCC 310
A Canadian subsidiary ("Greenleaf") of Ford U.S. paid down to $9,750,000 (including accrued interest) a debt of $24,369,439 (plus accrued...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - General Concepts - Evidence | Canadian tax accountant's testimony on US tax consequences accorded little weight | 152 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(3) | debt-paydown transactions were avoidance transactions | 268 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 248 - Subsection 248(10) | debt-paydown transactions effected in contemplation of sale transaction were part of same series as the sales transactions | 248 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 80 - Subsection 80(2) - Paragraph 80(2)(g) | using cash share subscriptions to convert debt to share equity abused s. 80(2)(g) | 190 |
Gwartz v. The Queen, 2013 DTC 1122 [at at 640], 2013 TCC 86
The taxpayers ("Brianne and Steven") were minors and beneficiaries of a family trust (the "Trust"). The Trust held all the common shares (as...
Swirsky v. The Queen, 2013 TCC 73, 2013 DTC 1078 [at at 431], aff'd 2014 FCA 36
Paris J. noted obiter (at para. 75) that Overs v. The Queen, 2006 TCC 26, "has been implicitly overruled by the Lipson decision."
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(3) | 232 | |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 74.5 - Subsection 74.5(11) | 247 |
MacDonald v. The Queen, 2012 TCC 123, rev'd 2013 DTC 5091 [at 5982], 2013 FCA 110
The taxpayer planned to move to the U.S.. Although the capital gain on the shares of his wholly owned corporation ("PC") that would have arisen...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(1) - Tax Benefit | 306 | |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 84 - Subsection 84(2) | 354 |
Antle v. The Queen, 2009 DTC 1305, 2009 TCC 465, aff'd 2010 DTC 5172 [at 7304], 2010 FCA 280
A plan for the taxpayer to avoid capital gains on his sale of shares of a corporation ("PM") would have entailed him gifting the shares to a...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 250 - Subsection 250(5) | 132 |
Garron Family Trust v. The Queen, 2009 DTC 1568, 2009 TCC 450, aff'd sub nom St. Michael Trust Corp. v. The Queen, 2010 DTC 5189 [at 7361], 2010 FCA 309, aff'd sub nom Fundy Settlement v. Canada, 2012 SCC 14
Woods, J. rejected a submission of the Crown that it would have represented an abuse of the Canada-Barbados Income Tax Convention to use the gains...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 75 - Subsection 75(2) | 130 |
OGT Holdings Ltd. v. Deputy Minister of Revenue (Québec), 2009 DTC 5705, 2009 QCCA 191
The taxpayers engaged in a "Québec shuffle" transaction in which they transferred shares of subsidiaries to a related Ontario purchaser on a...
Landrus v. The Queen, 2008 DTC 3583, 2008 TCC 274, aff'd supra.
A partnership of which the taxpayer was a member ("Roseland II") and another partnership ("Roseland I") owning a similar and adjacent condominium...
McMullen v. The Queen, 2007 DTC 286, 2007 TCC 16
The taxpayer and an unrelated individual ("DeBruyn") accomplished a split-up of the business of a corporation ("DEL") of which they were equal...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(3) | 270 | |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 251 - Subsection 251(1) - Paragraph 251(1)(c) | mutual benefit and same advisors insufficient to establish non-arm's length in structured sale transaction | 257 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 84 - Subsection 84(2) | 229 | |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 84.1 - Subsection 84.1(1) | arm's length: negotiation based on self-interest | 257 |
Ogt Holdings Ltd. v. Deputy Minister of Revenue of Québec, 2006 DTC 6604 (Court of Québec)
The taxpayers accomplished an indirect sale of their indirect investment in an operating company ("Canstar") to an arm's length purchaser ("Nike")...
Ceco Operations Ltd. v. The Queen, 2006 DTC 3006, 2006 TCC 256
The taxpayer transferred assets of a business to a partnership in what was intended to be an s. 97(2) rollover transactions in consideration for...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - General Concepts - Substance | 99 | |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 56 - Subsection 56(2) | 265 | |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 97 - Subsection 97(2) | partnership subscription for taxpayer affiliate pref shares not boot | 263 |
Lipson v. The Queen, 2006 DTC 2687, 2006 TCC 148, aff'd supra.
The taxpayer's wife ("Jordanna") borrowed $562,500 from the Bank of Montreal to fund the purchase of shares of a family company from the taxpayer...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 20 - Subsection 20(1) - Paragraph 20(1)(c) | 251 |
Desmarais v. The Queen, 2006 DTC 2376, 2006 TCC 44
The taxpayer, who held 14.28% of the common shares of a Canadian private corporation ("Consercom") transferred a 9.76% block to a wholly-owned...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(3) | 136 |
Evans v. The Queen, 2005 DTC 1762, 2005 TCC 684
A corporation ("117679") owned by the taxpayer issued a stock dividend of non-voting shares to the taxpayer that were redeemable and retractable...
XCO Investments Ltd. v. The Queen, 2005 DTC 1731, 2005 TCC 655
A partnership owned by the taxpayers admitted a third party ("Woodward") as a member of the partnership with a view to selling an apartment...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 103 - Subsection 103(1) | 130 | |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 96 - Subsection 96(1) - Paragraph 96(1)(f) | 105 |
Canada v. Jabin Investments Ltd., 2003 DTC 5027, 2002 FCA 520
In order to avoid the application of the pre-1994 version of section 80, debt owing by the taxpayer was sold by a bank (for consideration equal to...
Loyens v. The Queen, 2003 DTC 355, 2003 TCC 214
In order that the sale of a real estate property could be accomplished in a manner that utilized the losses of a loss company ("Lobro Stables")...
Hill v. The Queen, 2002 DTC 1749 (TCC)
Under a non-recourse loan owing by the taxpayer and other tenants of an office building to the non-resident landlord, 90% of the cash flow was...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - General Concepts - Payment & Receipt | funds to support cheques | 143 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 20 - Subsection 20(1) - Paragraph 20(1)(c) | 213 |
Fredette v. The Queen, 2001 DTC 621 (TCC)
A partnership ("SDF") of which the taxpayer and two trusts for his children were the partners owned substantially all the units in a second...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - General Concepts - Ownership | 99 | |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 18 - Subsection 18(1) - Paragraph 18(1)(a) - Income-Producing Purpose | 91 |
Geransky v. The Queen, 2001 DTC 243 (TCC)
The taxpayer, who owned a portion of the shares of the holding company ("GH") which, in turn, owned an operating company ("GBC") utilized the...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 84 - Subsection 84(2) | holding company business was continued and underlying assets were not distributed | 307 |
Jabs Construction Ltd. v. R., 99 DTC 729, [1999] 3 CTC 2556
After it was determined as a result of settlement of litigation between the taxpayer and a co-venturer that it would sell its 50% interest in 13...
The Queen v. Central Supply Co. (1972) Ltd., 97 DTC 5295 (FCA)
The taxpayer acquired units in limited partnerships that had incurred Canadian exploration expense and then, within 24 hours and after the...
Gibson Petroleum Co. v. R., 97 DTC 1420, [1997] 3 C.T.C. 2453 (TCC)
The taxpayer which owned one-half of the shares of a company ("Wascana") having non-capital losses that were about to expire, transferred...
RMM Canadian Enterprises Inc. v. R., 97 DTC 302, [1998] 1 C.T.C. 2300 (TCC)
A non-resident corporation ("EC") approached a business associate who, along with two other individuals, formed a Canadian corporation ("RMM") to...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 159 - Subsection 159(3) | 167 | |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(3) | 188 | |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 251 - Subsection 251(1) - Paragraph 251(1)(c) | purchaser of cash-rich company without any signifcant separate role did not deal at arm's length | 177 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 84 - Subsection 84(2) | application of s. 84(2) to sale of cash-rich company to accommodation party who quickly paid cash proceeds therefor | 222 |
| Tax Topics - Treaties - Income Tax Conventions | 96 | |
| Tax Topics - Treaties - Income Tax Conventions - Article 10 | 116 |
McNichol v. R., 97 DTC 111, [1997] 2 CTC 2088 (TCC)
The taxpayers sold their shares of a corporation ("Bec"), whose assets (following a sale of real estate) consisted largely of cash, to a corporate...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 251 - Subsection 251(1) - Paragraph 251(1)(c) | 3rd-party purchaser, of cash-rich company, that looked to its own interests dealt at arm's length | 117 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 84 - Subsection 84(2) | 191 |
Administrative Policy
CRA Webpage, General anti-avoidance rule (GAAR), 20 December 2024
The following are examples of tax avoidance schemes where in CRA’s view the GAAR would apply:
Transactions – Scenario 1 (use of sub’s...
10 October 2024 APFF Roundtable Q. 16, 2024-1028961C6 F - Modification de la règle générale anti-évitement
CRA declined to provide further guidance on its interpretation of the GAAR following the introduction of s. 245(4.1), and reiterated some prior...
10 October 2024 APFF Roundtable Q. 13, 2024-1027371C6 - Planification post mortem à la suite du décès du bénéficiaire d’une fiducie testamentaire exclusive au conjoint
2012-0456221R3 concerned a spousal testamentary trust which held all the shares of a Canadian investment holding company (Holdco) on the death of...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 69 - Subsection 69(5) | s. 69(5) wind-up of a Newco can be used by trust to realize a capital loss to offset a capital gain realized by it under s. 104(4)(a) | 309 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 129 - Subsection 129(1.2) | non-application of s. 129(1.2) where post-mortem planning to prevent double taxation | 192 |
4 June 2024 STEP Roundtable Q. 5, 2024-1003541C6 - Post-Mortem Planning and GAAR
When asked to comment on post-mortem pipelines and s. 164(6) loss carryback plans in light of the amended version of GAAR, CRA referred to its...
29 April 2024 External T.I. 2024-1016011E5 - General Anti-Avoidance Rule
Regarding transactions (including non-arm’s length transactions) to crystalize accrued capital gains prior to June 25, 2024, CRA, after...
28 February 2024 Internal T.I. 2024-1008251I7 - IC 88-2 and new GAAR
Regarding the impact of the Bill C-59 GAAR amendments on the GAAR positions in IC 88-2 and IC 88-2 Supplement 1, CRA stated:
The potential...
29 February 2024 Internal T.I. 2023-0987941I7 - Amendments to GAAR and Advance Income Tax Rulings
Regarding the status of post-mortem pipeline transactions following the amended GAAR rule, the Directorate stated:
The Directorate does not...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 84 - Subsection 84(2) | CRA after the GAAR amendments will continue to rule on post-mortem pipelines complying with its published policies, but not on inter vivos surplus stripping by individuals | 250 |
17 May 2022 IFA Roundtable Q. 12, 2022-0926361C6 - Principal Purpose Test (PPT)
Regarding Alta Energy, CRA stated:
The SCC considered a matter central to the CRA’s ongoing efforts to protect Canada’s tax base and the...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Treaties - Multilateral Instrument - Article 7 - Article 7(1) | CRA is monitoring PPT compliance on a priority basis | 317 |
7 October 2021 APFF Roundtable Q. 4, 2021-0900921C6 F - Mind and management et statut de SPCC
A corporation which will generate investment income is incorporated outside Canada (and, thus, is not a Canadian corporation, as per s. 89(1) and,...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 123.3 | use of foreign corporation with central management and control in Canada to avoid s. 123.3 tax could be GAARable | 170 |
26 November 2020 STEP Roundtable Q. 12, 2020-0839981C6 - 21 year planning, 107(5) and TCP
In 2017-0724301C6, CRA indicated that it quite possibly was a GAARable circumvention of ss. 107(5) and (2.1) for a Canadian-resident discretionary...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 107 - Subsection 107(5) | distributions by a Canadian discretionary trust to a NR-owned Canadian corporate beneficiary of TCP not carved-out in s. 107(5) appear abusive | 288 |
27 October 2020 CTF Roundtable Q. 1, 2020-0860991C6 - ACB increase due to misalignment of ACB
A wholly-owned subsidiary (Subco1) of Parentco effects an s. 55(3)(a) spin-off one of its assets (all the shares of Subco2) to Newco, which is...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 55 - Subsection 55(2.1) - Paragraph 55(2.1)(b) | GAAR may apply to spin-offs that effect a disproportionate distribution of high basis assets to the Spinco | 353 |
15 September 2020 IFA Roundtable Q. 6, 2020-0853561C6 - Subsection 212.3(9) & The GAAR
Canco (wholly-owned by NRco) acquired all the shares of FA1 for $100, thereby effecting a reduction of the paid-up capital (PUC) of the common...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 212.3 - Subsection 212.3(9) - Paragraph 212.3(9)(b) - Subparagraph 212.3(9)(b)(ii) | reinstatement arguably occurs on distributing shares of sub capitalized with daylight loan | 398 |
8 October 2010 Roundtable, 2010-0373621C6 F - Utilisation abusive des fiducies familiales
Examples of the abusive use of family trusts to which CRA has applied GAAR included:
- Capital gains are shifted off-shore through the use of...
8 October 2010 Roundtable, 2010-0373221C6 F - Paid-up capital
Opco, a Canadian-controlled private corporation owning and operating a seniors' residence, and whose shares (which are qualified small business...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(3) - Paragraph 245(3)(a) | transaction can be an avoidance transaction even where the series is motivated by business reasons | 142 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 89 - Subsection 89(1) - Paid-Up Capital - Paragraph (a) | abusive use of PUC averaging to shift PUC to individuals | 39 |
3 December 2019 CTF Roundtable Q. 13, 2019-0824491C6 - Triangular Amalgamation
In a domestic triangular amalgamation, in which the shareholders of Targetco receive shares of Parentco, and Parentco receives shares of the...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 87 - Subsection 87(9) - Paragraph 87(9)(a.4) | use of a “Midco” on triangular amalgamation “technically” avoids ss. 87(9)(a.4) and (c) limitation | 426 |
3 December 2019 CTF Roundtable Q. 6, 2019-0823581C6 - 21 year planning, 107(5), and TCP
CRA indicated that 2016-0669301C6 and 2017-0693321C6 dealt with an abusive circumvention of s. 104(5.8) through a s. 107(2) rollout by a...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 107 - Subsection 107(2) | a s. 107(2) rollout of Cdn Realtyco shares (i.e., TCP) to a NR-owned corporate beneficiary is inherently abusive | 255 |
6 February 2019 Internal T.I. 2018-0762101I7 - Ruling request - DSU plan and EPSP
A Canadian public company (Employerco) proposed that the share appreciation right (SAR) units of its employees be converted into an equivalent...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 144 - Subsection 144(3) | proposed use of EPSP trust to produce equivalent of CCPC stock option plan was abusive | 577 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Regulations - Regulation 6801 - Paragraph 6801(d) | conversion of SARs to DSUs triggered immediate inclusion under s. 6(1)(a) or 6(11) | 420 |
7 March 2019 CTF GAAR Seminar - Suzanne Saydeh on GAAR Committee
- The approach of the GAAR Committee to surplus-stripping has changed significantly. In 2015-0610701C6, CRA commented that, having regard to the...
7 March 2019 CTF Seminar on GAAR: Alexandra MacLean on GAAR
- If an audit team proposes raising GAAR, there is a mandatory referral to the Abusive Tax Avoidance Division at Headquarters. They do a rigorous...
Alexandra MacLean, "CRA Audits of Large Corporations - The view from ILBD" under Responses to recent adverse decisions – Univar, 27 November 27 2018 CTF Annual Conference presentation.
Univar found that the result of the cross-border surplus-stripping transactions before it could have been equally accomplished if the non-resident...
27 November 2018 CTF Roundtable Q. 5, 2018-0780041C6 - GAAR on PUC reduction
CRA provided two examples of when it would apply GAAR where paid up capital (“PUC”) is reduced to nil in order to avoid a s. 88(1)(b) gain on...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 88 - Subsection 88(1) - Paragraph 88(1)(b) | where Parent acquired the net tax equity in Subco at a bargain price (low share ACB), avoiding a s. 88(1)(b) gain on wind-up through reducing PUC is abusive | 548 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 84 - Subsection 84(3) | no challenge of a reduction of PUC of shares of DC held by TC before redemption | 222 |
9 August 2016 Internal T.I. 2014-0526171I7 - Resettlement of a Trust
A non-resident common-law commercial trust had been settled with cash and Canadian real estate by two (apparently non-resident) corporations. A...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 248 - Subsection 248(1) - Disposition | sale of the two interests in a commercial trust to a 3rd party gave rise to a new trust given that this not contemplated when trust settled | 395 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 111 - Subsection 111(1) - Paragraph 111(1)(a) | constructive resettlement of trust on sale of beneficial interests therein extinguished its losses | 204 |
13 June 2017 STEP Roundtable Q. 2, 2017-0693321C6 - GAAR and 21-year planning
At the 2016 CTF Roundtable, Q.1, CRA considered that it generally would consider it to be an abusive circumvention of the rule for the realization...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 104 - Subsection 104(5.8) | GAAR generally applicable to using Canco to defer s. 104(4) deemed disposition only for lifetime of existing beneficiaries | 306 |
12 May 2017 External T.I. 2017-0683511E5 F - Purpose tests of a dividend or repurchase of share
Opco, which has no safe income, avoids s. 55(2.1)(b) by using its cash to purchase most of the common shares held by its parent for cancellation. ...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 55 - Subsection 55(2.1) - Paragraph 55(2.1)(b) - Subparagraph 55(2.1)(b)(ii) | redeeming common shares otherwise than out of safe income may be GAARable | 346 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 55 - Subsection 55(3) - Paragraph 55(3)(a) | using s. 55(3)(a) to distribute cash otherwise than from safe income likely abusive | 193 |
29 November 2016 CTF Roundtable Q. 1, 2016-0669301C6 - GAAR & 21-year rule planning
A discretionary resident trust that is approaching its 21st anniversary distributes property with an unrealized gain to a corporate beneficiary...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 104 - Subsection 104(5.8) | making a s. 107(2) distribution to a corporate beneficiary held by a new trust is an abusive circumvention of the s. 104(4) 21-year rule | 259 |
27 April 2016 External T.I. 2016-0625001E5 F - Surplus Stripping
A discretionary trust of which X and his holding company (Holdco) are the beneficiaries receives a s. 84(1) deemed dividend of $100K from Opco...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 84 - Subsection 84(2) | using a trust to funnel a deemed dividend from creating PUC to a Holdco beneficiary and funnelling that PUC to the individual beneficiary, is surplus stripping | 220 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 104 - Subsection 104(24) | distribution of s. 84(1) dividend effected with note issuance | 231 |
2 May 2016 External T.I. 2016-0633351E5 F - Descarries Case and Document no. 2015-0610711C6
In 2015-0610711C6, CRA had indicated that as a result of Descarries, it would no longer issue rulings in which an individual can in effect use...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 84.1 - Subsection 84.1(1) | purpose of 84.1 not restricted to monetization transactions | 166 |
13 January 2016 External T.I. 2015-0604521E5 - ACB increase in paragraph 55(3)(a) reorganization
An intermediate holding company (Holdco) wishes to have its subsidiary (Opco) spin off a business to another Holdco subsidiary (Newco). This is...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 55 - Subsection 55(3) - Paragraph 55(3)(a) | GAAR may be applied if the transactions produce an outside basis step-up | 423 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 80 - Subsection 80(1) - Forgiven Amount - Element B - Paragraph B(a) | contribution of note by creditor to debtor | 36 |
24 November 2015 CTF Roundtable Q. 11, 2015-0610711C6 - Impact of the Descarries decision
In 2005-0134731R3 F, Mr. X realized a capital gain of selling all of the common shares of HOLDCO to his children in consideration for promissory...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 84.1 - Subsection 84.1(1) | abuse of s. 84.1 to use basis stepped up under CGD to create a capital loss permitting surplus extraction | 331 |
24 November 2015 CTF Roundtable Q. 4, 2015-0610701C6 - Surplus Stripping and GAAR
Less overall tax is paid if, rather than Opco paying a taxable dividend to one of its shareholders (A, an individual), A rolls his shares into a...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 55 - Subsection 55(5) - Paragraph 55(5)(f) | deliberate non-use of s. 55(5)(f) designation does not violate GAAR | 249 |
9 October 2015 APFF Roundtable Q. 15, 2015-0595641C6 F - Surplus Stripping and GAAR
Less overall tax is paid if, rather than Opco paying a taxable dividend to one of its shareholders (A, an individual), A rolls his shares into a...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 55 - Subsection 55(2) | GAAR did not apply where a taxpayer deliberately triggered the application of s. 55(2) | 147 |
9 October 2015 APFF Roundtable Q. 14, 2015-0595631C6 F - Indirect Monetization of CGD
Following Descarries, CRA will no longer issue rulings in which an individual can in effect use shares (e.g., preferred shares) whose ACB was...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 84.1 - Subsection 84.1(2) - Paragraph 84.1(2)(a.1) | individual cannot effectively use the ACB of shares previously stepped-up using the capital gains deduction to create a loss to offset a gain on the sale of common shares | 139 |
28 May 2015 IFA Roundtable Q. 2, 2015-0581551C6 - IFA 2015 Q.2: GAAR and treaty shopping
What is CRA's position on the application of the GAAR to treaty shopping arrangements? CRA stated:
The…comments on treaty shopping… made in...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Treaties - Income Tax Conventions - Article 10 | 99 |
GST/HST Memorandum 16-4 "Anti-avoidance Rules" 20 February 2015
3. ...Transactions that rely upon the strict wording of a provision in the Act to gain a tax benefit where none was intended and, therefore,...
10 October 2014 APFF Roundtable Q. 21, 2014-0538091C6 F - 2014 APFF Roundtable, Q. 21 - Impact of the Descarries Case
What is the CRA position on Descarries? After noting that the case was not appealed because in the result it was favourable and it was only an...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 248 - Subsection 248(28) | will not impose double taxation under s. 84(2) and (3) | 42 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 84 - Subsection 84(2) | Descarries failed to recognize breadth of s. 84(2) | 572 |
2 December 2014 CTF Annual Roundtable Q. 6, 2014-0547321C6 - Q.6 97(2) Canadian Partnership Requirement
Does the formation of a partnership with only Canadian partners in order to meet the requirement of a "Canadian partnership" under subsection...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 97 - Subsection 97(2) | no challenge of "immediately after" | 56 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 100 - Subsection 100(1) | avoidance of s. 100 through partnership boot paydown | 357 |
10 October 2014 APFF Roundtable Q. 20, 2014-0534671C6 F - D&D Livestock
What is the CRA position on D & D Livestock? CRA stated (TaxInterpretations translation):
[S]ubsection 245(2) was not applied in this case....
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 55 - Subsection 55(2.1) - Paragraph 55(2.1)(b) - Subparagraph 55(2.1)(b)(i) | CRA is concerned by planining that can result in an unjustified duplication of fiscal attributes including ACB | 178 |
2013 Ruling 2013-0504301R3 - Loss Consolidation
A public company (Lossco) is transferring losses to a "Profitco" which is a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of another public company (Bco) which...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 111 - Subsection 111(1) - Paragraph 111(1)(a) | Lossco sale of Newco pref to profitco for profitco note; provincial GAAR ruling | 448 |
24 November 2013 CTF Roundtable, 2013-0508161C6 - Loss on disposition of shares
A shareholder having an accrued foreign exchange loss on common shares of an FA and an accrued foreign exchange gain on a related party debt used...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 112 - Subsection 112(3) | loss preservation transactions which avoid s. 112(3) stop-loss rule | 293 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 93 - Subsection 93(2.01) | loss preservation transactions which did not satisfy the s. 93(2.01) requirements | 227 |
18 June 2013 External T.I. 2012-0433261E5 F - 55(5)(f) and Surplus Stripping
Rather than paying themselves annual dividends of $150,000 from their equally-owned small business corporation (the "Dividend Payor"), A and B...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 84 - Subsection 84(2) | partial conversion of retained earnings to capital dividends through deliberate failure to make s. 55(5)(f) designation was abusive stripping | 508 |
5 October 2012 APFF Roundtable Q. 13, 2012-0454181C6 F - Discretionary Dividend Shares
Mr. X holds 100 Class A voting participating shares of Opco with a fair market value of $5M and nominal adjusted cost base and paid-up capital....
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 15 - Subsection 15(1) | discretionary dividend shares issued for nominal consideration | 195 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 110.6 - Subsection 110.6(7) - Paragraph 110.6(7)(b) | acquisition by Holdco of discretionary dividend shares of Opco at undervalue could engage s. 110.6(7) application to Opco commons | 208 |
5 October 2012 APFF Roundtable Q. 8, 2012-0454161C6 F - Computation of CDA and Acquisition of Control
Where Mr. A, who owns 50% of the shares of a CCPC ("Holdco") having cash as its only asset, purchases the other 50% shareholding of Mr. B, s....
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 89 - Subsection 89(1) - Capital Dividend Account - Paragraph (a) | CDA deduction for net capital losses not affected by their denial under s. 111(4)(a) | 134 |
3 July 2012 External T.I. 2012-0443421E5 F - 84.1 and partnership
A and B are Canadian-resident spouses who have not utilized their capital gains exemption and who each hold 50 Class A shares (the only issued...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 84.1 - Subsection 84.1(1) | use of partnership to avoid s. 84.1 could be attacked through challenge to partnership validity or applying s. 245(1) re circumvention of s. 84.1 | 537 |
2011 Ruling 2011-0392171R3 - XXXXXXXXXX
A deposit-taking financial institution with significant non-capital losses (LossCo") was directed by the provincial regulator to quickly merge...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 111 - Subsection 111(5) - Paragraph 111(5)(a) | acquisition and amalgamation with Lossco with deposit-taking financial services business - income of Amalco from financial services treated as being from similar services | 258 |
28 November 2010 CTF Roundtable Q. 21, 2010-0386361C6 - 2010 CTF Q21 - Reasonable Salary for Inc. Prof.
CRA stated that para. 1(j) of IT-189R2 ("Corporations Used by Practising Members of Professions") and para. 17 of IC 88-2 ("General Anti-Avoidance...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 125 - Subsection 125(7) - Personal Services Business | 121 |
8 October 2010 Roundtable, 2010-0373291C6 F - Tuck-Under Transactions - Safe Income Extractions
Despite the decision in Vaillancourt-Tremblay (which addressed only s. 84(2), and not s. 245(2)), CRA will continue to challenge abusive surplus...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 84 - Subsection 84(2) | CRA accepts use of tuck-under transactions to extract safe income | 196 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 55 - Subsection 55(2.1) - Paragraph 55(2.1)(c) | safe income can be extracted using tuck-under | 63 |
2010 Ruling 2009-0332571R3 - Loss consolidation - related or affiliated
Mr A and Mrs B are siblings. Mr A holds all the voting shares of HA which, in turn, holds Lossco. HA also is the common shareholder of HASub....
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 111 - Subsection 111(1) - Paragraph 111(1)(a) | loss shift between related but unaffiliated corporations | 163 |
2005 Ruling 2005-0123631R3 - Thin Capitalization Rules
GAAR will apply to prevent what otherwise would be the avoidance of the thin capitalization rule when debts owing by a Canadian corporation to a...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 18 - Subsection 18(4) | 62 |
7 July 2010 External T.I. 2010-0370611E5 F - Purchase of Shares by Subsidiary - Sec. 245
A CRA response at the 2005 APFF Roundtable (2005-0141061C6) dealt with the situation where Mr. X, an arm’s length shareholder owning 20% of the...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 84.1 - Subsection 84.1(1) | realization by an individual of capital gain by selling shares to the corporation’s Newco sub requires inter alia that any basis created in Newco not be abused | 139 |
27 May 2008 External T.I. 2008-0269441E5 F - Withdrawn Ruling Request
The 2005-0134731R3 transactions, accommodating “an intergenerational transfer of a family business,” would be abusive surplus stripping if...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 84 - Subsection 84(2) | the 2005-0134731R3 transactions, accommodating “an intergenerational transfer of a family business,” would be abusive surplus stripping if applied to inter-sibling transfer | 102 |
Income Tax Technical News, No. 34, 27 April 2006 under "Sale of Tax Losses"
Where Profitco avails itself of the benefit of tax losses of Lossco, a publicly traded corporation that is insolvent and has ceased to carry on...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 111 - Subsection 111(5) - Paragraph 111(5)(a) | avoidance of same or similar business restriction | 154 |
7 October 2005 APFF Roundtable Q. 13, 2005-0141061C6 F - Purchase of Shares by Subsidiary - Sec. 84.1 & 245
S.245(2) generally would not apply where an individual ("X") owning 20% of the shares of Opco disposes of his shares of Opco to a...
31 August 2005 Internal T.I. 2005-0134831I7 F - Capital Gains Exemption Strip
Two brothers, who had stepped up the ACB in shares of their respective holding companies using the capital gains exemption, then redeemed those...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 84.1 - Subsection 84.1(1) - Paragraph 84.1(1)(a) | s. 84.1 did not apply to transferring crystallized preferred shares’ ACB to common shares under s. 40(3.6)(b), with those shares exchanged for high-PUC prefs of new Holdcos for cash redemption | 565 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 40 - Subsection 40(3.6) | individuals holding high-ACB/low-PUC prefs and low ACB/PUC common shares preserved that ACB under s. 40(3.6)(b) for surplus-stripping purposes on their prefs’ redemption | 91 |
17 March 2005 External T.I. 2005-0118601E5 F - Sale of Shares-Transfer of Family Business
An individual ("A") wholly-owning Holdco, held Holdco common shares with a nominal FMV, ACB and PUC, and Holdco preferred shares having an FMV of...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 84.1 - Subsection 84.1(2) - Paragraph 84.1(2)(a.1) - Subparagraph 84.1(2)(a.1)(ii) | preliminary s. 85(1)(g) exchange transaction for crystallized preferred shares avoided application of s. 84.1(2)(a.1)(ii) | 443 |
2004 Ruling 2004-0094751R3 - Withholding tax; interest
GAAR did not apply where a Canadian securitization trust, in order to borrow at favourable rates provided by an arm's length foreign lender,...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 212 - Subsection 212(1) - Subparagraph 212(1)(b)(vii) | 59 |
7 December 2004 External T.I. 2004-0103061E5 F - Non Arm's Length Sale of Shares-Surpl. Stripping
A professional partnership (“SENC”) with three members disposes of all the shares of the services corporation ("Serviceco" - rendering...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 84.1 - Subsection 84.1(1) | application of s. 84.1 if company sold to accommodation party, followed by wind-up of that company and payment of purchase price | 87 |
2004 Ruling 2004-0088541R3 - Loss utilization
Loss utilization transactions in a related group of companies under which Profitco transfers its promissory note of a wholly-owned subsidiary of...
2004 Ruling 2004-0084311R3 - Incorporating a Partnership
On the transfer of the assets of a partnership to a corporation ("Newco") in consideration for shares and a promissory note, for reasons of legal...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 125 - Subsection 125(7) - Personal Services Business | 99 | |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 85 - Subsection 85(2) | 93 |
2004 Ruling 2003-0053981R3 - XXXXXXXXXX
A mutual fund trust (the "Fund") subscribes for Class A redeemable retractable shares of a newly-incorporated subsidiary ("MFC") and distributes...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 107.4 - Subsection 107.4(1) - Paragraph 107.4(1)(a) | qualifying drop-down of partnership units to subsidiary unit trust where s. 107.4(2)(a) was ousted due to units issuance | 246 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 107.4 - Subsection 107.4(1) - Paragraph 107.4(1)(h) | immediate refinancing of drop-down subsidiary trust of MFT did not offend policy of para. (h) | 234 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 107.4 - Subsection 107.4(3) - Paragraph 107.4(3)(m) | units must be received on drop-down of LP to new subtrust (thereby ousting s. 107.4(2)(a)), in order to receive outside basis under s. 107.4(3)(m) | 241 |
Income Tax Technical News, No. 30, 21 May 2004
Under the scheme of the Act it is acceptable to transfer deductions within an affiliated group of corporations. The Agency will not feel...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 103 - Subsection 103(1) | 38 | |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 111 - Subsection 111(1) - Paragraph 111(1)(a) | dollar amounts not artificial; parent lossco must have independent income source | 143 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 111 - Subsection 111(5) - Paragraph 111(5)(a) | 27 | |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 20 - Subsection 20(1) - Paragraph 20(1)(m) | no reserve if substantial peformance | 107 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 212 - Subsection 212(1) - Subparagraph 212(1)(b)(vii) | 112 | |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 96 - Subsection 96(1) - Paragraph 96(1)(f) | general partner cannot contract on its own account with partnership | 941 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 96 - Subsection 96(1) - Paragraph 96(1)(g) | 38 |
2003 Ruling 2003-0041823 - FOREIGN PROPERTY PENSION CORPORATIONS
The establishment by a pension corporation of a subsidiary pension corporation for the purpose of increasing the percentage of underlying foreign...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 206 - Subsection 206(2) | 40 |
10 October 2003 Roundtable, 2003-0029955 F - Surplus Stripping Post-Geransky
General discussion as to whether s. 245(2) might be applied in the situation where shareholders of an operating corporation ("Opco") sell their...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 84 - Subsection 84(2) | hybrid sale: internal step-up followed by share sale | 451 |
2 June 2003 External T.I. 2003-0002485 - DEBT FORGIVENESS-GIFT FUND
A farmer transfers farm property to an adult child at fair market value taking back a promissory note as consideration, then makes a gift to his...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 80 - Subsection 80(13) | 74 |
31 March 2003 Ruling 2002-0166273 - DEBT OF A TRUST FOREIGN PROPERTY
Where a trust issues debt and the only property held by the trust is foreign property, the Directorate indicated that although the technical...
9 September 2002 External T.I. 2002-0141005 - Debt forgiveness and capital contribution
Technical Interpretation No. 9518785 (respecting a parent subscribing for shares of a sub, which uses the funds to repay debt owing) is being...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 80 - Subsection 80(1) | 52 | |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 80 - Subsection 80(5) | 52 |
2001 Ruling 2001-0090213 - Tax loss consolidation
Description of loss consolidation transactions under which a public corporation lends money on an interest-bearing basis to a profitable...
2000 Ruling 2000-0010723 - STOCK BONUS PLAN
A corporation ("TC") previously transferred a property to another corporation ("DC") and received non-voting preferred shares of DC as...
30 November 2000 External T.I. 2000-0026615 F - GAAR
Various strategies were disclosed for streaming all of the capital dividend account of Opco, which was a private corporation with a 70%...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 83 - Subsection 83(2) | streaming of CDA to particular shareholders is not abusive if s. 83(2.1) is complied with | 99 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 83 - Subsection 83(2.1) | CDA streaming generally does not violate s. 83(2.1) or GAAR where the objective is to pay capital dividends to taxpayers who were already shareholders | 185 |
May 1999 CALU Conference No. 9908430., Q.3
GAAR likely would apply where holding companies for individual shareholders own and pay premiums for insurance policies on the lives of the other...
Income Tax Technical News, No. 9, 10 February 1997
As a result of an amendment to s. 69(11), "a series of transactions that results in the transfer of the benefit of the losses, deductions or other...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Other Legislation/Constitution - Federal - Indian Act - Section 87 | 30 | |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 212 - Subsection 212(1) - Subparagraph 212(1)(b)(vii) | events must be beyond borrower's control | 79 |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 251 - Subsection 251(1) - Paragraph 251(1)(c) | 71 | |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 88 - Subsection 88(1) - Paragraph 88(1)(c.3) - Subparagraph 88(1)(c.3)(ii) | 159 | |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Regulations - Regulation 4900 - Subsection 4900(12) | 71 | |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 53 - Subsection 53(1) - Paragraph 53(1)(e) - Subparagraph 53(1)(e)(i) | avoidance of double taxation through absence of ACB adjustment | 137 |
30 November 1996 Ruling 9717003 - GAAR, IDENTICAL PROPERTIES
In order to avoid averaging with the low ACB of shares currently held by them that are subject to an escrow agreement, employees of a public...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 47 - Subsection 47(1) | 118 |
11 October 1996 APFF Roundtable, 7M12910 - APFF ROUND TABLE
As an example of a transaction where a taxpayer sought to avoid application of s. 84.1, RC referred to a taxpayer who implemented a reorganization...
11 October 1996 APFF Roundtable, 7M12910 - APFF ROUND TABLE
Where specific anti-avoidance provisions are not applicable to a transaction or series of transactions that results in tax abuse, the general...
1995 Ontario Tax Conference Round Table, Q. 5 (No. 952503)
Where $500,000 worth of common shares of Opco are sold by its individual shareholder to a corporate purchaser, following which the purchased...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 251 - Subsection 251(1) - Paragraph 251(1)(c) | 140 |
6 July 1995 External T.I. 9316465 F - Payment to Dissenting Shareholders on Amalgamation
In response to a proposal that a payment be made to a separated wife of a husband by her dissenting to the amalgamation of a corporation...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 84 - Subsection 84(3) | 153 |
21 June 1995 External T.I. 9510915 - 6363-1 FOREIGN AFFILIATES - DEEMED ABI
With respect to a loan by a wholly-owned foreign affiliate of a Canadian corporation ("Canco") to a non-resident corporation that was related to...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 15 - Subsection 15(2.2) | 95 |
12 April 1995 External T.I. 9508595 - GAAR AND UTILIZATION OF LOSSES
S.245 will not apply in a situation where inventory is transferred by a corporation to a wholly-owned subsidiary for the purpose of utilizing the...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 111 - Subsection 111(1) - Paragraph 111(1)(a) | inventory roll-down to use non-capital losses | 114 |
11 October 1996 APFF Roundtable, 7M12910 - APFF ROUND TABLE
Where $500,000 worth of common shares of Opco are sold by its individual shareholder to a corporate purchaser, following which the purchased...
27 May 1994 External T.I. 9408945 - TRANSFER OF PARTNERSHIP INTEREST
GAAR potentially may apply where a taxpayer transfers to her spouse her interest in a partnership in which they are equal partners and receives a...
1994 A.P.F.F. Round Table, Q. 34
Transactions, whereby an individual took advantage of the fact that he had preferred shares of a holding company with a fair market value and ACB...
Rulings Directorate Discussion and Position Paper on Motion Picture Films and Video Tapes as Tax Shelters, Version 29/3/93 930501 (C.T.O. "Motion Picture Films - C.C.A.")
S.245(2) will be applied where CCA claims effectively are doubled-up by having Partnership B acquire all but one of the interests in Partnership A...
Rulings Directorate Discussion and Position Paper on Motion Picture Films and Video Tapes as Tax Shelters, Version 29/3/93 930501 (C.T.O. "Motion Picture Films - C.C.A.")
RC will accept investors in film limited partnerships being accorded the right to put their units to an entity related to the film promoter...
1993 A.P.F.F. Round Table, Q. 2
"In a situation where a non-resident of Canada carries out a series of transactions whose purpose is to secure an exemption from or reduction of...
93 CPTJ - Q.14
Where a transaction is structured to avoid the application of a specific anti-avoidance rule, the general anti-avoidance rule may still be...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 69 - Subsection 69(11) | 32 |
26 January 1993 T.I. (Tax Window, No. 28, p. 1, ¶2383)
Whether s. 245(2) would apply where a profitable corporation provides services at less than fair market value to an affiliated company with losses...
11 January 1993 T.I. (Tax Window, No. 27, p. 14, ¶2358)
A capital gain realized on a cash distribution of paid-up capital on preferred shares that constitute qualified small business corporation shares...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 110.6 - Subsection 110.6(2.1) | 54 |
December 1992 B.C. Tax Executives Institute Round Table, Q. 1 (No. 9230390)
Where a corporation grants investors an option to acquire a debenture with terms identical to those of an existing callable debenture, RC will...
16 December 1992 T.I. 920178 (November 1993 Access Letter, p. 511, ¶C245-050)
Discussion of whether s. 245 will apply where additional shares are required, or shareholdings are pooled, in order that Part IV tax will not...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 186 - Subsection 186(4) | 30 |
1 December 1992 T.I. (Tax Window, No. 27, p. 9, ¶2319)
If one of the purposes of a series of transfers of a capital property within a related corporate group is to utilize non-capital losses of one of...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 111 - Subsection 111(1) - Paragraph 111(1)(a) | 49 | |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 9 - Capital Gain vs. Profit - Shares | 82 |
92 C.R. - Q.24
Transactions whereby a stock dividend is issued to the sole shareholder of a corporation who transfers the stock dividend shares to Newco,...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 110.6 - Subsection 110.6(1) - Qualified Small Business Corporation Share | 52 |
31 August 1992 Memorandum (Tax Window, No. 24, p. 3, ¶2191)
The use of s. 55(3)(b) to effect a transfer of assets deriving their value principally from real estate in the guise of a treaty-protected share...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 55 - Subsection 55(3) - Paragraph 55(3)(b) | 39 |
24 June 1991 T.I. (Tax Window, No. 4, p. 2, ¶1313)
GAAR does not apply to an arrangement whereby, in order to satisfy the 24-month hold period for the enhanced capital gains exemption, the vendor...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 110.6 - Subsection 110.6(8) | 81 |
2 January 1991 T.I. (Tax Window, Prelim. No. 3, p. 11, ¶1083)
A butterfly reorganization involving the distribution of land inventory which is achieved on a rollover basis under ss.97(2) and 90(3) through the...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 85 - Subsection 85(1.1) | 46 |
6 December 1990 T.I. (Tax Window, No. 2, p. 9, ¶1197)
RC could not give an opinion as to whether GAAR would apply to deny the current deduction of cost of distributing units of a mutual fund incurred...
5 December 1990 Memorandum F-3973 (Tax Window, Prelim. No. 2, p. 17, ¶1063)
Transactions whereby a corporation with non-capital losses which are about to expire transfers its capital properties at a gain to a...
9 October 1990 T.I. (Tax Window, Prelim. No. 1, p. 17, ¶1035)
GAAR will not apply to a transfer of farmland by an individual to his child pursuant to s. 73(3) following shortly thereafter by a sale by the...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 110.6 - Subsection 110.6(1) - Qualified Farm or Fishing Property | 38 |
90 C.R. - Q22
The fact that an estate freeze has been accomplished in favour of a discretionary trust of which the freezor is a beneficiary would not generally...
90 C.R. - Q20
Where, in order to "crystallize" his capital gains deduction, the individual sells shares to his spouse and does not elect to have the provisions...
90 C.R. - Q21
S.245(2) will apply where an individual owns the shares of a corporation ("Caschco") the assets of which are primarily liquid assets, sells the...
14 June 1990 T.I. (November 1990 Access Letter, ¶1535)
The French word "abus" is broad enough to encompass both "misuse" and "abuse".
30 May 1990 T.I. (October 1990 Access Letter, ¶1487)
RC will consider applying s. 245(2) to an arrangement which has been set up primarily to change income received by one corporation from an...
9 May 1990 Meeting (October 1990 Access Letter, ¶1474)
S.245(2) will not normally be applied to transactions whose purpose is to qualify a corporation as a small business corporation.
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 15 - Subsection 15(1.1) | 41 | |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 248 - Subsection 248(10) | 93 |
20 April 1990 T.I. (September 1990 Access Letter, ¶1435)
An arrangement whereunder employees participating in an employee share purchase plan are permitted to realize capital gains treatment rather than...
23 February 1990 Memorandum (July 1990 Access Letter, ¶1346)
GAAR will not apply where a parent corporation transfers publicly-traded shares with unrealized gains to a wholly-owned subsidiary on a rollover...
6 February 1990 Memorandum (July 1990 Access Letter, ¶1345)
GAAR applies to transactions whereby (a) on the last day of Partnership A's fiscal year, Partnership B acquires a 99.9% interest in A, (b) in...
11 January 1990 T.I. (June 1990 Access Letter, ¶1283)
The use of cash and term deposits to pay off liabilities in order to qualify as a qualified small business corporation at the time of the...
15 November 89 T.I. (April 90 Access Letter, ¶1187)
A corporation ("Opco") is owned by brothers and sisters who wish to realize the value of its shares on a tax-free basis and to transfer those...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 55 - Subsection 55(2) | 111 |
15 November 89 T.I. (April 90 Access Letter, ¶1186)
X amalgamates its subsidiary A (which has not depreciated its assets for tax purposes) with subsidiary B (whose depreciable property is fully...
25 October 89 T.I. (March 1990 Access Letter, ¶1161)
The exemption in s. 245(4) potentially could apply to an arrangement whereby a corporation with non-capital losses becomes a personal services...
20 October 89 T.I. (March 1990 Access Letter, ¶1158)
The sale by a corporation with non-capital losses which are about to expire of a capital property to its wholly-owned subsidiary at fair market...
25 September 89 Memorandum (February 1990 Access Letter, ¶1127)
Arrangements that may circumvent the charitable donations limitation in ss.110.1(1)(b) and 118.1(1) are not subject to s. 245(2).
89 C.R. - Q.41
S.245 will not be applied where a taxpayer sells property to sustain a loss and then repurchases the property 31 days later. "Since this...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 54 - Superficial Loss | 56 |
89 C.R. - Q.42
RC will not apply s. 245 to subject offshore trust, of which Canadian residents are beneficiaries, to Canadian tax prior to the exploration of the...
89 C.R. - Q.43
A partnership which is subject to the rental-property restriction rules as a result of being over-leveraged has its partners borrow money, and use...
89 C.R. - Q.44
GAAR would not ordinarily apply to the transfer by an individual of his shares of a family farm corporation to his children using the provisions...
89 C.R. - Q. 3
The deposit by a non-resident of funds with the non-resident financial institution that in turn loans funds to a Canadian corporation with which...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 212 - Subsection 212(1) - Subparagraph 212(1)(b)(vii) | 58 |
October 1989 Revenue Canada Round Table - Q.23 (Jan. 90 Access Letter, ¶1075)
An individual transfers all the shares of Holdco, which are "qualified small business corporation shares", to Newco, elects under s. 85(1) in...
October 1989 Revenue Canada Round Table - Q.21 (Jan. 90 Access Letter, ¶1075)
In the context of a discussion of Friedberg, RC indicated that s. 245 might be applied to control abusive practices by taxpayers. However, GAAR...
October 1989 Revenue Canada Round Table - Q.11 (Jan. 90 Access Letter, ¶1075)
It is acceptable for an individual taxpayer to stepped-up the basis of his qualified small business corporation shares by exchanging those shares...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 84.1 - Subsection 84.1(1) | 35 | |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 85 - Subsection 85(1) | 75 |
October 1989 Revenue Canada Round Table - Q.4 (Jan. 90 Access Letter, ¶1075)
The temporary injection of capital into a partnership in order to avoid the realization of gain on a rollover transaction would appear to...
29 Aug. 89 T.I. (Jan. 90 Access Letter, ¶1084)
Because specific provisions such as ss.67, 69 and 56(2) are sufficient to address abuses which might otherwise arise from the use of professional...
89 C.R. - Hiltz Paper (C.7)
88 C.R. - "Small Business Corporation Shares" - "'GAAR' and QSBC Shares"
The "purification" of a CCPC in order to qualify its shares as QSBC's, and dispositions made in order to use up the capital gains exemption, do...
89 C.M.TC - "Section 245 of the Income Tax Act"
The incorporation of a special purpose sub to hold debt on an amalgamation, thereby avoiding the application of s. 80(2), is an abuse.
Borrowing...
M. Hiltz, "Section 245 of the Income Tax Act", 1988 Conference Report, c.7.
IC88-2 - General Anti-Avoidance Rule 21 October 1988
Ex. 21
Amalgamating an operating company with a shell corporation so as to produce a year end without obtaining CRA’s consent, thereby...
IT-96R5 "Options Granted by Corporations to Acquire Shares, Bonds or Debentures" under "Shareholder Benefit"
ATR-44
An arrangement where a parent company uses borrowed funds to invest in the preference shares of a subsidiary which lends those funds to the parent...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 20 - Subsection 20(1) - Paragraph 20(1)(c) | 75 |
Finance
29 November 2022 CTF Conference - Finance Update
This is a summary of oral remarks provided by Shawn Porter (Associate Assistant Deputy Minister, Tax Policy Branch, Finance Canada.
He noted that...
Modernizing and Strengthening the General Anti-Avoidance Rule, Department of Finance Consultation Paper, 11 August 2022
Potential changes to abuse or misuse test
Potential changes to the application of the abuse or misuse test in s. 245(4) could include:
- the...
| Locations of other summaries | Wordcount | |
|---|---|---|
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(3) | 130 | |
| Tax Topics - Income Tax Act - Section 245 - Subsection 245(1) - Transaction | 60 |
7 March 2019 CTF Seminar on GAAR: Brian Ernewein on GAAR – Past and Future
- There is a free and collegial interchange of views between the Finance, Justice, and CRA members of the GAAR Committee so that, for example, CRA...
Articles
Eytan Dishy, Chris Anderson, "The Permissibility of Surplus Stripping: A Brief History and Recent Developments", Canadian Tax Journal (2021) 69:1, 1 -33
Contrast between CRA and Copthorne approach to surplus stripping (pp.27-28)
- While Copthorne (at para. 96) stated that the PUC scheme in the Act...
David G. Duff, "Tax Treaty Abuse and the Principal Purpose Test – Part 2", Canadian Tax Journal, (2018) 66:4, 947-1011
Burden on Crown to establish abused policy (p. 1001)
Canadian courts have generally held that the GAAR should apply only where the object and...
Alan M. Schwartz, Kevin H. Yip, "Policy Forum: Defending Against a GAAR Reassessment", Canadian Tax Journal (2014) 62:1, 129-46.
Admissibility of broader range of extrinsic evidence (pp. 136-7)
Rather than determining the meaning of the statute, the GAAR analysis requires a...
David H. Sohmer, "Copthorne, Global Equity Fund, and the GAAR: Stubart Redux", The Canadian Taxpayer, January 25, 2013 – Vol. XXXV No.2, p. 9
At p.11:
As a result of the dilution of the requirements for clarity of text and clarity of legislative purpose, the GAAR now appears to have...
Steve Suarez, "Tax Court Compels Disclosure in GAAR Case", Tax Notes International, Vol. 69 No. 3, 21 January 2013, p. 238
Regarding the significance of the finding in Birchcliff that the CRA can be compelled in GAAR litigation to disclose what it determined to be the...
David H. Sohmer, "Copthorne and the Supreme Court: Did the Court Cross the Line?", The Canadian Taxpayer, Vol. XXXIV, No. 3, February 10, 2012, p. 9
Copthorne effectively equates abuse with a failure to be reasonable, which conflates ss. 245(4) and (5).
David H. Sohmer, "The Supreme Court Decision in Copthorne: A Move To The Middle", The Canadian Taxpayer, Vol. XXXIV, No. 2, January 27, 2012, p. 9
The GAAR can now be applied in the absence of a clear and unambiguous legistlative intent.