Also released under document number 2003-00293550.
Principal Issues: 1. Whether ghost car would be "clearly-marked emergency vehicle"; 2. Whether extended-cab pick-up truck would be automobile where its rear seat was removed; 3. Whether standby charge and operating cost benefit would arise from ghost car made available to officer while on call; 4. Whether standby charge and operating cost benefit would arise from availability and use of vehicle modified to carry police dogs by officer in charge of caring for a dog that resides with the officer.
Position: 1. Ghost car would not be clearly-marked vehicle; 2. Would not be considered automobile if it was used, in the year of acquisition, all or substantially all for transporting goods, equipment, or passengers for employment-related purposes; 3. Standby charge and operating benefit could arise from ghost car being made available to officer while on call; 4. No benefit likely with respect to availability and use of Dog vehicle since there is no personal use.
Reasons: 1. Clearly-marked emergency vehicle refers to a vehicle that is readily identified by the general public as a police or fire vehicle due to symbols or lettering on the vehicle. Since ghost cars are designed to be non-descript vehicles they would not be clearly-marked; 2. Extended-cab pick-up trucks have a seating capacity for more than the driver and two passengers notwithstanding the removal of the rear seat. Therefore, they must meet the "all or substantially all" test to be excluded from the "automobile" definition. 3. Use of ghost car to travel between home and work would be personal, as would trips undertaken while on call that were made primarily for personal reasons. Accordingly, standby charge and operating benefit may be applicable. 4. Consistent with Hoedel case, where an officer is fully responsible for care and training of police dog that stays in the officer's home, travel with the dog between home and work would be considered employment-related.