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Définitions       « convention unanime des actionnaires » “unanimous shareholder agreement” « convention unanime des actionnaires » Convention visée au paragraphe 146(1) ou déclaration d’un actionnaire visée au paragraphe 146(2).     145.1 Des actionnaires peuvent conclure entre eux une convention écrite régissant l’exercice de leur droit de vote.     146. (1) Est valide, si elle est par ailleurs licite, la convention écrite conclue par tous les actionnaires d’une société soit entre eux, soit avec des tiers, qui restreint, en tout ou en partie, les pouvoirs des administrateurs de gérer les activités commerciales et les affaires internes de la société ou d’en surveiller la gestion ...   (3) L’acquéreur ou le cessionnaire des actions assujetties à une convention unanime des actionnaires est réputé être partie à celle-ci ...     (6) Il est entendu que le présent article n’empêche pas les actionnaires de lier à l’avance leur discrétion lorsqu’ils exercent les pouvoirs des administrateurs aux termes d’une convention unanime des actionnaires.   ...

In addition to disputing liability under the aforementioned sections of the Statute defendant relies on Articles I and II of the Canada-US Tax Convention and Clause 6(a) of the Protocol thereto and the Canada-United States of America Tax Convention Act, 1943-44 S of C c 21. ... Subject to the provisions of this Convention such items of income shall be taxed separately or together with industrial and commercial profits in accordance with the laws of the contracting States. and clause 6(a) of the Protocol defines the term “rental and royalties’’ referred to in Article Il of the Convention in the following manner: The term “rental and royalties” referred to in Article II of this Convention shall include rentals or royalties arising from leasing real or immovable, or personal or movable property or from any interest in such property, including rentals or royalties for the use of, or for the privilege of using, patents, copyrights, secret processes and formulae, goodwill, trade marks, trade brands, franchises and other like property. ... I also conclude therefore that under the provisions of the Canada- US Tax Convention the payments made were not subject to the deduction of withholding tax as required by subsection 215(6) of the Act. ...

The Treaty is generally patterned on the 1977 Model Double Taxation Convention prepared by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (the "OECD") (the "OECD Model Convention"). ...   [22]     This issue appears to have been addressed by the 2002 Update to the OECD Model Tax Convention:   Thus, whilst some countries have felt it useful to expressly clarify, in their conventions, that controlled foreign companies legislation did not conflict with the Convention, such clarification is not necessary. It is recognised that controlled foreign companies legislation structured in this way is not contrary to the provisions of the Convention.   ...