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This translation was prepared by Tax Interpretations Inc. The CRA did not issue this document in the language in which it now appears, and is not responsible for any errors in its translation that might impact a reader’s understanding of it or the position(s) taken therein. See also the general Disclaimer below.
7 October 2022 APFF Financial Strategies and Instruments Roundtable Q. 4, 2022-0940941C6 - Stop-loss Rules
Principal Issues: 1. In the hypothetical scenario 1 described, how should the ACB of a substituted property be adjusted? 2. In the hypothetical scenarios 2 and 3 described, when would the transferor be allowed to claim the capital loss previously denied under paragraph 40(3.4)(a)? 3. Clarification as to the meaning of element B in the formula SL = (Least of S, P and B)/S x L.
Position: 1. In the hypothetical scenario 1 described, the superficial loss should be determined in accordance with paragraph 12 of the Interpretation bulletin IT-456R, namely as if all the parties were one person and subsequently prorated on the basis of actual substituted property held by a person at the end of the period. 2. At the time that is immediately before the earliest of the events described in subparagraphs 40(3.4)(b)(i) to (v). 3. In general, the number of shares remaining at the end of the period for the purpose of element B of the formula means all shares that are identical, including shares acquired prior to that period.
Reasons: Wording of the Act and previous positions.
FINANCIAL STRATEGIES AND FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS ROUNDTABLE, 7 OCTOBER 2022
2022 APFF CONFERENCE
Question 4
Deemed loss and apparent loss
The Income Tax Act provides special rules where a taxpayer sustains a loss that qualifies as a loss deemed to be nil by virtue of subparagraph 40(2)(g)(i) or subsections 40(3.3) and 40(3.4).
Paragraph 40(2)(g) applies, among other things, to deem a loss sustained by a taxpayer on the disposition of property to be nil where the loss is a "superficial loss", as that term is defined in section 54.
A loss resulting from the disposition of a property will be a superficial loss, if both:
(a) during the period that begins 30 days before and ends 30 days after the disposition, the taxpayer or a person affiliated with the taxpayer within the meaning of section 251.1 , such as the individual's spouse, a corporation controlled by the individual or the individual's spouse, or a trust in which the individual is beneficially interested (for example, in a registered retirement savings plan ("RRSP") or a tax-free savings account ("TFSA")), acquires the same or an identical property (referred to as the "substituted property" in the definition of superficial loss in section 54); and
(b) at the end of that period, the taxpayer or a person affiliated with the taxpayer (if any) owns or had a right to acquire the substituted property.
Paragraph 53(1)(f) requires that, in computing the taxpayer's ACB of a property at any time, the taxpayer add to the taxpayer's cost of the property, where the property is substituted property of the taxpayer, the loss that was, because of the acquisition by the taxpayer of the property, a superficial loss of the taxpayer from a disposition of a property.
A superficial loss does not, however, include a loss from a disposition to which subsection 40(3.4) applies. By virtue of subsection 40(3.3), subsection 40(3.4) applies where the following conditions are met:
- a corporation, trust or partnership (referred to as the "transferor") disposes of a non-depreciable capital property;
- during the period that begins 30 days before and ends 30 days after the disposition, the transferor or a person affiliated with the transferor acquires the same or an identical property (referred to in subsections 40(3.3) and 40(3.4) as the "substituted property"); and
- at the end of the period, the transferor or a person affiliated with the transferor owns the property or an identical property.
Pursuant to paragraph 40(3.4)(a), the transferor's loss from the disposition is deemed to be nil. It is only upon the occurrence of one of the events specified in paragraph 40(3.4)(b) that the deemed nil loss is deemed to be realized.
Paragraph 40(3.4)(b) deems the transferor's loss from the disposition to be a loss from a disposition of the property immediately before, in particular, the beginning of a 30-day period throughout which neither the transferor nor a person affiliated with the transferor owns the substituted property, or a property that is identical to the substituted property acquired after the day that is 31 days before the periods began.
As a long-standing administrative position, the CRA uses the following formula to determine the amount of a superficial loss or in determining a suspended loss under subsection 40(3.4):
Deemed nil loss = (the lesser of S, P and B) / S x L
where
S = number of shares disposed of at that time
P = number of shares acquired in the period from 30 days before to 30 days after the disposition
B = number of shares remaining at the end of that period
L = loss on disposition otherwise determined
Consider the following examples:
Hypothetical Situation 1
On March 15, 2022, an individual disposes of all of his shares in the capital stock of ABC Pubco, i.e., 2,000 shares, and realizes a capital loss of $10,000. On March 16, 2022, his spouse acquires 2,000 shares of the capital stock of ABC Pubco. In addition, the trust governed by an RRSP, of which the individual is the annuitant, had acquired 1,000 shares of the capital stock of ABC Pubco on March 10, 2022. Finally, the individual acquires 500 new shares of the capital stock of ABC Pubco on April 13, 2022.
Hypothetical Situation 2
On March 15, 2022, a corporation disposes of all of its shares in the capital stock of ABC Pubco, or 2,000 shares, and realizes a capital loss of $10,000. On March 16, 2022, the corporation's sole shareholder acquires 2,500 shares of the capital stock of ABC Pubco. In addition, the trust governed by an RRSP, whose shareholder is the annuitant, acquired 1,500 shares of the capital stock of ABC Pubco ABC on March 10, 2022. On May 20, 2022, the trust governed by an RRSP, whose shareholder is the annuitant, disposes of 1,500 shares of the capital stock of ABC Pubco and the shareholder disposes of 500 shares of the capital stock of ABC Pubco.
Hypothetical Situation 3
On March 15, 2022, a corporation disposes of all of its shares in the capital stock of ABC Pubco, or 2,000 shares, and realizes a capital loss of $10,000. On March 16, 2022, the corporation's sole shareholder acquires 2,500 shares of the capital stock of ABC Pubco. In addition, the trust governed by an RRSP, whose shareholder is the annuitant, acquires 1,500 shares of the capital stock of ABC Pubco on April 10, 2022. Finally, on April 30, 2022, the sole shareholder of the corporation disposes of 500 shares of the capital stock of ABC Pubco and on May 20, the trust governed by an RRSP, whose shareholder is the annuitant, disposes of 1,500 shares of the capital stock of ABC Pubco.
Such situations may arise, inter alia, in the course of a rebalancing of a global portfolio of a taxpayer's registered or non-registered accounts and those of the taxpayer’s family or of the corporation of which the taxpayer is a shareholder, or where the investor (taxpayer) or any person affiliated with the investor (spouse, RRSP, TFSA, spousal RRSP, corporation, etc.) is part of an automatic reinvestment program.
Questions to the CRA
(a) In Hypothetical Situation 1, the identical properties acquired by the individual and affiliated persons in the 30-day period before to the 30-day period after the disposition exceed the number of securities disposed of by the individual. In this situation, how should the ACB of the substituted property be adjusted?
(b) Similarly, how will the $10,000 loss deemed nil pursuant to subsections 40(3.3) and 40(3.4) be recognized in Hypothetical Situations 2 and 3?
(c) Does Variable B in the above formula, which represents "the number of shares remaining at the end of that period", include only the number of shares remaining of the shares acquired during such period without taking into account shares acquired before that period?
CRA Response to Question 4(a)
As stated in the question, paragraph 53(1)(f) allows a taxpayer who owns a substituted property to add the amount of a superficial loss in computing the ACB of that property.
The adjustment provided for in paragraph 53(1)(f) is, however, more difficult to make in certain circumstances. This is particularly the case where the number of substituted properties on hand at the end of the period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition of the shares to the taxpayer or an affiliated person is less than at the time of the disposition. As indicated in paragraph 12 of Interpretation Bulletin IT-456R, [13] the CRA allows the actual loss on the properties considered to be redeemed or the average loss on each property multiplied by the number of properties considered to be reacquired to be the superficial loss in this case. For this purpose, the CRA accepts that the amount of the superficial loss is to be determined according to the formula: Deemed nil loss = (the lesser of S, P and B) / S x L referred to in the question.
Paragraph 12 of IT-456R further states that if a taxpayer and/or affiliated persons are involved in the disposition and acquisition of identical property, the superficial loss should initially be determined as if all the parties were one person and subsequently prorated on the basis of actual substituted property held by a person at the end of the period.
Hypothetical Situation 1
With respect to Hypothetical Situation 1, it is the CRA's view that the formula (Deemed nil loss = (the lesser of S, P and B) / S x L) referred to in the question does not apply since the number of substituted properties on hand at the end of the period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition of the shares to the taxpayer or an affiliated person is greater than at the time of the disposition.
However, it is the CRA's view that the superficial loss in Hypothetical Situation 1 should be determined using the method referred to in paragraph 12 of Interpretation Bulletin IT-456R, i.e., as if all the parties involved were one person, and then prorated on the basis of all the substituted properties held by each party at the end of the period.
Consequently, the $10,000 superficial loss in Hypothetical Situation 1 must be allocated proportionately between the taxpayer and all persons affiliated with the taxpayer by taking into account all substituted property held by these persons at the end of the period, namely the 3,500 shares of the capital stock of ABC Pubco held by the trust governed by an RRSP under which the taxpayer is the annuitant, the taxpayer and the taxpayer’s spouse.
The ACB of the 1,000 shares of the capital stock of ABC Pubco acquired on March 10, 2022 by the trust governed by an RRSP under which the taxpayer was the annuitant will therefore be adjusted by the amount of the superficial loss in proportion to the number of shares held by the trust in relation to the total number of substituted properties held by the taxpayer and all affiliated persons of the taxpayer, i.e. 1,000 shares / 3,500 shares x $10,000.
Similarly, the ACB of the 2,000 shares of the capital stock of ABC Pubco acquired on March 16, 2022 by the taxpayer's spouse will be adjusted by the amount of the superficial loss in proportion to the number of shares held by the spouse in relation to the total number of substituted properties held by the taxpayer and all of the affiliated persons of the taxpayer, i.e., 2,000 shares /3,500 shares x $10,000
Finally, the ACB of the 500 shares of the capital stock of ABC Pubco acquired on April 13, 2022 by the taxpayer will be adjusted by the amount of the superficial loss in proportion to the number of shares held by the taxpayer in relation to the total number of replacement properties held by the taxpayer and all of the taxpayer's affiliates, i.e. 500 shares /3,500 shares x $10,000
CRA Response to Question 4(b)
Subsection 40(3.4) applies where the conditions set out in subsection 40(3.3) are satisfied:
(a) a corporation, trust or partnership (referred to in subsections 40(3.3) and 40(3.4) as the "transferor") disposes of capital property, other than depreciable property of a prescribed class, otherwise than in a disposition described in any of paragraphs (c) to (g) of the definition "superficial loss" in section 54;
(b) during the period that begins 30 days before and ends 30 days after the disposition, the transferor or a person affiliated with the transferor acquires a property (in subsection 40(3.3) and subsection 40(3.4) referred to as the “substituted property”) that is, or is identical to, the particular property; and
(c) at the end of the period, the transferor or a person affiliated with the transferor owns the substituted property.
Where these conditions are met, section 40(3.4) provides, inter alia, that:
(a) the transferor's loss from the disposition is deemed to be nil; and
(b) the transferor's loss from the disposition, determined without reference to paragraph 40(2)(g) and subsection 40(3.4), is deemed to be a loss of the transferor from a disposition of the property that occurred immediately before the earliest of the times described in subparagraphs 40(3.4)(b)(i) to (v) that is subsequent to the disposition.
Specifically, the time described in subparagraph 40(3.4)(b)(i) is the beginning of a 30-day period throughout which neither the transferor nor a person affiliated with the transferor owns the substituted property or a property that is identical to the substituted property and that was acquired after the day that is 31 days before the period began.
Hypothetical Situation 2
In view of the above, in order to answer the question regarding Hypothetical Situation 2, it must first be determined whether all the conditions for the application of subsection 40(3.3) are satisfied.
First, the corporation disposes of 2,000 shares of the capital stock of ABC Pubco (the "Relevant Shares") on March 15 that are capital property of the corporation (paragraph 40(3.3)(a)). This disposition results in a capital loss.
Then, during the period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition of the Relevant Shares, persons affiliated with the transferor, i.e., the trust governed by an RRSP under which the sole shareholder of the corporation is the annuitant (the "Trust") and the sole shareholder of the corporation (the "Shareholder"), acquire property identical to the relevant Shares, i.e., 4,000 shares of the capital stock of ABC Pubco (the "Substituted Property") (s. 40(3.3)(b)).
Finally, at the end of the 61-day period described in paragraph 40(3.3)(b), the Trust and Shareholder still own the Substituted Property, namely the 1,500 shares of the capital stock of ABC Pubco acquired by the Trust on March 10 and the 2,500 shares of the capital stock of ABC Pubco acquired by the Shareholder on March 16 (paragraph 40(3.3)(c)).
Since the conditions set out in subsection 40(3.3) are satisfied, subsection 40(3.4) would apply. The corporation's loss would be deemed to be its loss from a disposition of the property immediately before the earliest of the times described in subparagraphs 40(3.4)(b)(i) to (v) that would be subsequent to the disposition of the 2,000 shares of the capital stock of ABC Pubco by the corporation.
For greater certainty, no portion of the corporation's loss could be recognized while the Shareholder owned shares of the capital stock of ABC Pubco constituting Substituted Property.
Hypothetical Situation 3
For the same reasons as in Hypothetical Situation 2, all of the corporation's loss would be deemed to be nil pursuant to paragraph 40(3.4)(a). In addition, no portion of the corporation's loss could be recognized provided the Shareholder owns shares of the capital stock of ABC Pubco that constitute Substituted Property.
CRA Response to Question 4(c)
In general, we are of the view that the number of shares remaining at the end of the period that begins 30 days before the individual disposes of the shares and ends 30 days after that disposition means all shares that are identical, including shares acquired before that period.
Lyne Gélinas
Nancy Charlebois
October 7, 2022
2022-094094
FOOTNOTES
Due to our system requirements, footnotes contained in the original document are reproduced below:
1 CANADA REVENUE AGENCY, Interpretation Bulletin IT-456R (archived), "Capital Property - Some Adjustments to Cost Base," July 9, 1990.
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