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This translation was prepared by Tax Interpretations Inc. The CRA did not issue this document in the language in which it now appears, and is not responsible for any errors in its translation that might impact a reader’s understanding of it or the position(s) taken therein. See also the general Disclaimer below.
Principal Issues: 1- Corporation (Opco) with 4 shareholders disposes of an asset to the spouse of one the shareholders for consideration less than FMV. 2- What if the 4 shareholders are shareholders of Holdco and all the shares of the capital stock of Opco are held by Holdco. 3- What if the 4 shareholders are brothers.
Position: 1- 15(1) and 15(1.4)(c), 2- Potential application of 15(1), (1.4)(c), 56(2), 6(1)(a) and 246(1). 3- 15(1) and 15(1.4)(c).
Reasons: See below.
XXXXXXXXXX
2015-057591
M. Séguin
June 24, 2015
Dear Sir,
Subject: Subsections 15(1), 56(2) and 246(1)
This is in response to your e-mail of March 13, 2015, in which you requested our views on the interpretation of by the Canada Revenue Agency on a question of a benefit conferred by a Corporation in a hypothetical situation that you provided.
Unless otherwise indicated, any reference to a section or any of its provisions in this letter are a reference to a section of the Income Tax Act (hereinafter the "Act") or to one of its provisions.
This technical interpretation provides general comments on the provisions of the Act and related legislation, where referenced. It does not confirm the income tax treatment of a particular situation involving a specific taxpayer but is intended to assist you in making that determination. The income tax treatment of particular transactions proposed by a specific taxpayer will only be confirmed by this Directorate in the context of an advance income tax ruling request submitted in the manner set out in Information Circular IC 70-6R7, Advance Income Tax Rulings and Technical Interpretations.
1) Particular situation
Corporation A has four individual shareholders (Shareholder 1, 2, 3 and 4) who hold the shares in the capital stock of Corporation A in equal parts. The four shareholders are not related. Corporation A disposed of capital property to the spouse of Shareholder 4. The spouse of Shareholder 4 deals at arm's length with shareholders 1, 2 and 3. It was determined that the price of the transaction with the spouse of Shareholder 4 was less than the fair market value of the disposed property and, therefore, a benefit would arise from it. The spouse of Shareholder 4 was neither a shareholder (or in the process of becoming one), nor an employee of Corporation A (or Holdco for question b).
2) Your questions
a) You asked what are the tax consequences of this transaction.
b) Would the answer would be the same if the four shareholders were instead shareholders in the same proportions in a Corporation (Holdco) that would hold all the shares in the capital stock of Corporation A?
c) Finally, you asked whether the answer to question a) would be the same if the four shareholders were brothers.
3) Our comments on the particular situation
Question a)
Under the circumstances of the particular situation, a benefit would arise from the completed transaction with the spouse of Shareholder 4 of Corporation A because the fair market value of the property received by the spouse would exceed the amount of consideration received by Corporation A.
Subsection 15(1) essentially provides that:
If, at any time, a benefit is conferred by a corporation on a shareholder of the corporation, then the amount or value of the benefit is to be included in computing the income of the shareholder for its taxation year that includes the time, except to the extent that the amount or value of the benefit is deemed by section 84 to be a dividend or that the benefit is conferred on the shareholder described in paragraphs 15(1)(a) to (d).
In the interpretation of subsection 15(1), for benefits conferred after October 30, 2011, paragraph 15(1.4)(c) provides:
[A] benefit conferred by a corporation on an individual is a benefit conferred on a shareholder of the corporation …— except to the extent that the amount or value of the benefit is included in computing the income of the individual or any other person — if the individual is an individual, other than an excluded trust in respect of the corporation, who does not deal at arm’s length with, or is affiliated with, the shareholder…;
Since the spouse of Shareholder 4 does not deal at arm's length with the latter by virtue of paragraphs 251(1)(a) and 251(2)(a) (and is also affiliated with the latter by virtue of paragraph 251.1(1) (a)), the benefit conferred on her is deemed to be a benefit conferred on her spouse, Shareholder 4. The shareholder in question should therefore include the value the benefit conferred in his income by virtue of subsection 15(1).
Question (b)
As to the situation described in this question, Corporation A still confers a benefit, but this time to the spouse of a shareholder of Holdco, the corporation that would hold all of the shares in the capital stock of Corporation A.
To the extent that the spouse of the Holdco shareholder does not deal at arm's length with Holdco or is affiliated with Holdco, depending on the facts and circumstances relating to this situation, Holdco (qua shareholder of Corporation A) would be required to include in its income, by virtue of subsections 15(1) and 15(1.4), the value of the benefit conferred. For example, if Shareholder 4 or his spouse had de facto control of Holdco, the spouse could be considered affiliated with Holdco (by virtue of subparagraph 251.1(1)(b)(i) or (iii) and the definition of "controlled" in subsection 251.1(3)) or to not deal at arm's length with Holdco.
Alternatively, in this context, the difference between the fair market value of property transferred and the consideration received by Corporation A could be included in computing the income of Holdco pursuant to subsection 56(2) to the extent that it was possible to demonstrate that a payment or transfer of property (the trnasferred capital property) was made by Corporation A, pursuant to the direction of, or with the concurrence of, Holdco, to the spouse of Shareholder 4 as a benefit Holdco desired to be conferred on the spouse of such shareholder and to the extent that such payment or transfer of property would be included in computing the income of Holdco if such payment or transfer had been made by Corporation A to Holdco. In this regard, and as an example, it could be argued that a payment or transfer of property from Corporation A in favour of Holdco would be required to be included in computing the income of Holdco by inter alia subsection 15(1).
Furthermore, although the statement of facts on this issue only summarizes a hypothetical situation, and it is impossible for us to determine with certainty whether all of the conditions for the application of subsection 56(2) have been met, it appears possible that the difference between the fair market value of the property transferred and the consideration received by Corporation A could be included in computing the income of Shareholder 4 of Holdco.
Indeed, to the extent that Shareholder 4 of Holdco is an employee of Corporation A, depending on the facts and circumstances relating to that situation, it could be argued that a payment or transfer of property of Corporation A to the spouse of Holdco Shareholder 4 would be included in the computation of income of Holdco's Shareholder 4 by virtue of paragraph 6(1)(a). In this regard, it should be noted that to the extent that Shareholder 4 is a director of Corporation A, he would be considered an employee of Corporation A within the meaning of the definition of "employee" in subsection 248(1).
In addition, consideration should also be given to the applicability of subsection 246(1) in this situation. Subsection 246(1) would apply to the extent that it is possible to demonstrate that Holdco had conferred a benefit on Shareholder 4, directly or indirectly and in any manner whatsoever, and to the extent that the value of such benefit would be included in the computation of the income of Shareholder 4 if it were a payment that Holdco made directly to Shareholder 4. In this regard, it appears that if Holdco had made a direct payment to Shareholder 4, such payment would be required to be included in computing the income of Shareholder 4 pursuant to subsection 15(1). Accordingly, to the extent that subsection 246(1) was applicable, the value of the benefit that Holdco indirectly conferred on Shareholder 4 (through Corporation A) would be included in computing the income of the latter pursuant to paragraph 246(1)(a).
Subsection 246(2), which limits the application of subsection 246(1), provides that no benefit will be deemed to be conferred on a taxpayer where it is established that a transaction was entered into by persons dealing at arm’s length, bona fide and not pursuant to, or as part of, any other transaction and not to effect payment, in whole or in part, of an existing or future obligation. This exception is obviously applicable only if the four (4) conditions are met and the determination of the presence or non-existence of a non-arm's length relationship is a question of fact.
Question (c)
This situation is one in which the four shareholders of Corporation A are brothers. In this situation, the spouse of Shareholder 4, in addition to not dealing at arm's length with her spouse, also does not deal at arm's length with her brothers-in-law (shareholders 1, 2 and 3) by virtue of paragraphs 251(1)(a), 251(2)(a) and 252(2)(b).
However, the wording of paragraph 15(1.4)(c) provides that a benefit conferred by a corporation on an individual is a benefit conferred on a shareholder of the corporation where the individual does not deal at arm's length with the shareholder, except to the extent that the amount or value of the benefit is included in computing the income of the individual or any other person. In this regard, to the extent that paragraph 15(1.4)(c) had the effect of including the benefit in computing the income of Shareholder 4, the amount of the benefit would not, among other things, also be included in computing the income of the other three shareholders in the circumstances.
We hope that these comments will be of assistance, and best regards.
Stéphane Charette, CPA, CMA, MBA.
for the Director
Reorganizations Division
Income Tax Rulings Directorate
Legislative Policy
and Regulatory Affairs Branch
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