News of Note
CRA may challenge the eligibility of a joint venture manager (e.g., property manager) to be a GST operator if its only personnel are officers jointly appointed to an affiliated co-owner
Email this ContentCRA accepts that a corporation can qualify as a “participant” in a joint venture (so that that it is eligible for making a GST joint venture election) even if its only role is as the joint venture’s manager (i.e., having “managerial or operational control” of the joint venture) rather than having any ownership interest in the joint venture. When asked whether the corporation can still so qualify if it has delegated the performance of all its management responsibilities, CRA stated:
Where an operator has no staff and contracts out all of its responsibilities to other parties, the officers of the operator are often the same persons as the officers of the other [co-owner] participants… . This would make it doubtful whether the operator actually has managerial or operational control of the joint venture… .
This suggests that CRA could view the overlapping officers as performing their management functions for the affiliated co-owner(s) rather than for the purported manager, so that the purported manager would not be regarded as being an eligible operator.
Neal Armstrong. Summary of 26 February 2015 CBA Roundtable, Q. 12 under ETA s. 273(1).
Nortel Networks – Ontario Court of Appeal finds that interest ceases to accrue following a CCAA filing
Ontario Court of Appeal has found that the “interest stops” rule applies to CCAA proceedings, so that creditors do not have any entitlement to interest which otherwise would have accrued following the CCAA filing date – and rejected the bondholders’ position that “the CCAA filing does not affect the right to accrue interest; it only stays the collection of that interest.” This essentially confirms the CRA position in 2008-0304841I7 that interest ceases to be deductible by the insolvent company from that point on.
Neal Armstrong. Summary of Re Nortel Networks Corporation, 2015 ONCA 681 under s. 20(1)(c).
Chaudhry – Tax Court of Canada indicates that the Justice website version of the ITA essentially is its official version
Bocock J roundly rejected an argument that a reassessment must be assumed to have been made without legislative authority unless the Justice lawyer has tabled an official copy of the ITA obtained from the Clerk of the Senate, as required by ss. 4 and 5 of Publication of Statutes Act. He appears to have instead found that the consolidation of the Act appearing on the Justice website constitutes an official version of the Act of which judicial notice can be taken, except potentially to the extent that a party has submitted that there is something about the consolidation that needs to be corrected pursuant to s. 31(2) of the Legislation Revision and Consolidation Act.
Neal Armstrong. Summary of Chaudhry v. The Queen, 2016 TCC 28, under General Concepts – Evidence.
CRA confirms that a FITL does not increase the s. 88(1)(d) bump
The starting point for computing the s. 88(1)(d) “bump” on the winding-up of a subsidiary into its parent is the excess of the adjusted cost base of its shares over its net tax equity, which is reduced under s. 88(1)(d)(i)(B) by any “obligation of the subsidiary to pay any amount.” CRA has confirmed that a future income tax liability as shown on the balance sheet of the subsidiary is not such an obligation, simply stating that a FITL is not “a legal obligation to pay an amount.”
Neal Armstrong. Summary of 2015-0617771E5 F under s. 88(1)(d)(i).
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Neal Armstrong.
CRA acknowledges that remuneration of an employee resident in Country X from Canadian offshore drilling work generally will be Treaty-exempt (if for under 183 days) where the non-resident employer is resident in Country B, even if that remuneration is deductible respecting a deemed PE of that employer
Art. 15, para. 2 of most Treaties indicates that employment income of a non-resident employee of a non-resident employer from the exercise of employment in Canada for less than 183 days in any 12-month period will be Treaty-exempt provided that the remuneration is not borne by a permanent establishment in Canada of the non-resident employer. In 2009-0319951I7, CRA indicated that it is the country of residence of the employee (“Country X”) rather than of the employer (“Country B”) which determines which country’s treaty should be applied in determining whether the non-resident employer has a PE in Canada for Art. 15 purposes.
CRA has now quite openly acknowledged that in most instances this means that the employer (“B Co”) will not be considered for these purposes to have a Canadian PE, even if under the treaty between its country of residence (Country B) and Canada it is considered to have a Canadian PE because, for example, it is engaged in offshore drilling activity which is deemed to be a Canadian PE. CRA states:
[O]n a purposive reading, one would expect that Canada (i.e. where the PE is located) should be able to tax Mr. X’s remuneration for employment exercised through the PE since BCo is allowed a deduction from the profits taxable in Canada attributable to the PE for the remuneration. However, we doubt that, when applying subparagraph 2(c) of Article 15 of the Canada-State X treaty, it was intended that Canada or State X should look for a definition in a treaty between Canada and a third country [i.e., Country B] to find out if the remuneration can be taxed in Canada.
Neal Armstrong. Summary of 20 July 2015 Memo 2012-0457671I7 under Treaties - Art. 15.
Income Tax Severed Letters 10 February 2016
This morning's release of 12 severed letters from the Income Tax Rulings Directorate is now available for your viewing.
SNF LP – Tax Court of Canada finds that nominees do not need to carry on business to issue valid invoices for ITC purposes, and that purchasers are at risk if they do not verify the registration numbers of suppliers
A Quebec LP (SNF) acquired metal scrap from 12 suppliers, who were registered for GST purposes, but who did not remit the GST which they invoiced to SNF. Each supplier named in the invoices was “a ‘prête‑nom’ and not the actual supplier” (i.e., each supplier acted on behalf of an undisclosed principal). Rip J stated:
That…suppliers may not have carried on a business or were "prête‑noms" does not, on the facts, affect the appellant's right to claim ITCs.
This may be inconsistent with an apparent CRA position that a nominee which does not carry on business cannot issue invoices in its own name which satisfy the documentary requirements for ITCs.
Rip J also found that SNF was not entitled to ITCs in the case of one of the suppliers because it did not meet the following standard:
[A] registrant purchasing supplies or services from a person must use reasonable procedures to verify that the person is a valid registrant, that the registration number actually exists and that the number is registered in the name of that person. In addition, if the registrant suspects the person's legitimacy as a supplier, then the registrant purchases supplies at its own risk. SNF suffered such risk when it dealt with Ms. Bergeron.
In a similar vein, he also stated that there can be no entitlement under ETA s. 261 to a rebate for "an error caused by the [applicant's] own inattention and carelessness." This condition is not stipulated in the section.
Neal Armstrong. Summaries of SNF L.P. v The Queen, 2016 TCC 12 under Input Tax Credit (GST/HST) Regulations – intermediary, ETA s. 169(4) and s. 261.
Nuvo Research butterfly includes amalgamation of transferee corporation
Nuvo Research, a small-cap TSX pharmaceutical company, is proposing to effect a butterfly spin-off of its drug development business (and retain its more mature cash-positive drug business). Similarly to the DeeThree spin-off of Boulder Energy, and in contrast to the FirstService/Collier butterfly spin-off, apparently no tax ruling was sought, no indemnities are being given respecting post-Arrangement actions that might cause the butterfly to be taxable and no tax risks are disclosed.
Unusually, the transferee corporation will amalgamate with the distributed subsidiary as part of the butterfly Plan of Arrangement. As the amalgamated corporation (Crescita) cannot be the transferee corporation (see Read), this means that the butterfly reorganization is intended to finish before the amalgamation (see 1996 CMTC Roundtable, Q. 16).
Similarly to the other two recent butterflies, the U.S. tax disclosure contemplates that the reorganization can be treated as a qualifying Code s. 355 distribution on the basis of the form of the transactions being disregarded – and (with less than excessive zeal) states that “it would be reasonable for U.S. Holders to take the position that Section 355 of the Code will apply.”
Neal Armstrong. Summary of Nuvo Research Circular under Spin-Offs and Distributions – Butterfly spin-offs.
CRA rules on plan marrying a US beneficiary’s objective of realizing a Code s. 331 capital gain on a redemption of bequeathed Canco shares (coupled with estate loss carried back under ITA s. 164(6)) and Canadian beneficiaries’ objective of a pipeline strip of Canco
CRA has often ruled that s. 84(2) will not apply to "pipeline" transactions in which shares of a private company (say, “A Co”), which have been stepped up on death without using the capital gains exemption, are sold by the estate to a new estate subsidiary (Newco) for a promissory note of Newco, Newco and A Co amalgamate a year later, the promissory note is repaid out of the Amalco assets over the following year and the proceeds thereof distributed by the estate to its resident beneficiaries.
A ruling dealt with the complications arising when one of the beneficiaries (“Child 2”) was a U.S. resident and A Co (a portfolio trading company) was a PFIC. The transactions contemplated that A Co redeems a portion of its shares held by the estate, thereby giving rise to a deemed dividend and to a capital loss which can be carried back under s. 164(6) to partially offset some of the terminal year capital gain on the A Co shares – and that such redemption proceeds are allocated and paid (less Part XIII withholding) by the estate to Child 2 through the issuance of a promissory note. The estate then engages in a conventional pipeline transaction (as described above) for the benefit of its resident beneficiaries.
The ruling letter indicates that an objective of the transactions “is to remove Child 2 as a shareholder of A Co in a manner that will ensure that he can receive any distribution from A Co as a capital gain for United States income tax purposes and avoid the complications and negative tax consequences resulting from being a United States resident shareholder of a PFIC.” (The estate acquired its A Co shares with a stepped up basis and they could then be disposed of with no gain being recognized, provided that dividend treatment was avoided through receiving Code s. 331 liquidation treatment.) Accordingly, all the transactions are being undertaken for Code purposes as a “Plan of Liquidation” of A Co, so that Child 2 can enjoy capital gains treatment under s. 331 on his distributions. Among other things, this is stated to depend on Amalco being “dissolved within a reasonable time” following the share repurchase by A Co – so that the transactions contemplate that Amalco will be dissolved fairly soon after the two-year period mandated by CRA for implementing pipeline transactions.
Rather curiously, the CRA ruling summary indicates that the principal issue is "whether estate can elect under subsection 164(6) where there is a non-resident beneficiary" – but no s. 164(6) ruling was given.
Neal Armstrong and Abe Leitner. Summaries of 2015 Ruling 2015-0569891R3 under s. 84(2) and s. 164(6).