On this page:

• Business use of a motor vehicle
• Calculating motor vehicle expenses
• Vehicle expenses you can deduct
• The type of vehicle that you own
• Joint ownership
• How to record motor vehicle expenses
• Vehicle definition
• Vehicle definition chart
• Full logbook
• Simplified logbook
• Vehicle loans interest expenses
• Vehicle leasing expenses
• Repayments and imputed interest

Business use of a motor vehicle

You can deduct expenses you incur to run a motor vehicle you use to earn business income.

To calculate the amount of motor vehicle expenses you can deduct, fill in "Chart A – Motor Vehicle Expenses" of Form T2125, Statement of Business or Professional Activities, Form T2042, Statement of Farming Activities, or Form T2121, Statement of Fishing Activities.

If you are a partner in a business partnership and you incur motor vehicle expenses for the business through the use of your personal vehicle, you can claim those expenses related to the business on "Line 9943 – Other amounts deductible from your share of net partnership income (loss)" by filling in Part 5 of form T2125, T2042 or T2121.

Calculating motor vehicle expenses

If you use a motor vehicle or a passenger vehicle for both business and personal use, you can deduct only the portion of the expenses that relates to earning business income. However, you can deduct the full amount of parking fees related to your business activities and supplementary business insurance for your motor vehicle or passenger vehicle.

To support the amount you deduct, keep a record of both the total kilometres you drive, and the kilometres you drive to earn income.

Farming business use includes trips to pick up parts or farm supplies, and to deliver grain. If you did not live on your farm, the travel between the farm and your home is not considered business travel.

Fishing business use includes trips to pick up parts or boat supplies, and to deliver fish to markets. It also includes driving to and from the fishing boat if your home is your main place of business.

Below is an example of how to calculate motor vehicle expenses incurred to earn business income.

Vehicle expenses you can deduct

You can deduct expenses you incur to run a motor vehicle that you use to earn business income. However, several factors can affect your deduction.

The types of expenses you can claim on "Line 9281 – Motor vehicle expenses (not including CCA)" of Form T2125 or Form T2121, or line 9819 of Form T2042 include:

• licence and registration fees
• fuel and oil costs
• electricity costs for zero-emission vehicles
• insurance
• interest on money borrowed to buy a motor vehicle
• maintenance and repairs
• leasing costs

You can also claim Capital Cost Allowance (CCA), but enter this amount on "Line 9936 – Capital cost allowance".

The type of vehicle that you own

The kind of vehicle you own can affect the expenses you can deduct. For income tax purposes, there are four types of vehicles:

• motor vehicles
• passenger vehicles
• zero-emission passenger vehicles
• zero-emission vehicles

A Motor vehicle is an automotive vehicle designed or adapted for use on highways and streets. A motor vehicle does not include a trolley bus or a vehicle designed or adapted to be operated only on rails.

A Passenger vehicle is a motor vehicle that is owned by the taxpayer (other than a zero-emission vehicle) or that is leased, and is designed or adapted primarily to carry people on highways and streets. It seats a driver and no more than eight passengers. Most cars, station wagons, vans, and some pick up trucks are passenger vehicles.

Passenger vehicles and zero emission passenger vehicles are subject to limits on the amount of CCA, interest, and leasing costs that may be deducted.

A passenger vehicle does not include:

• an ambulance
• a clearly marked police or fire emergency-response vehicle
• a motor vehicle you bought to use more than 50% as a taxi, a bus used in the business of transporting passengers, or a hearse in a funeral business
• a motor vehicle you bought to sell, rent, or lease in a motor vehicle sales, rental, or leasing business
• a motor vehicle (except a hearse) you bought to use in a funeral business to transport passengers
• a van, pick-up truck, or similar vehicle that seats no more than the driver and two passengers which, in the tax year you bought or leased, was used more than 50% to transport goods and equipment to earn income
• a van, pick-up truck, or similar vehicle that, in the tax year you bought or leased, was used 90% or more to transport goods, equipment, or passengers to earn income
• a pick-up truck that, in the tax year you bought or leased, was used more than 50% to transport goods, equipment, or passengers while earning or producing income at a remote work location or at a special work site that is at least 30 kilometres from the nearest community having a population of at least 40,000 persons
• a clearly marked emergency medical service vehicle used to carry paramedics and their emergency medical equipment

If you own or lease a passenger vehicle, there can be a limit on the amounts you can deduct for capital cost allowance (CCA), interest, and leasing costs.

A Zero-emission passenger vehicle (ZEPV) is an automobile that is owned by the taxpayer and is included in Class 54 (but would otherwise be included in Class 10 or 10.1). The rules that apply to the definition of passenger vehicles apply to zero-emission passenger vehicles (ZEPVs). A ZEPV does not include a leased passenger vehicle, but other vehicles that would otherwise qualify as a ZEPV if owned by the taxpayer, are subject to the same leasing deduction restrictions as passenger vehicles.

A Zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) is a motor vehicle that is owned by the taxpayer where all of the following conditions are met:

• is a plug in hybrid with a battery capacity of at least 7kWh or is either fully:
  • electric
  • powered by hydrogen
• is acquired, and becomes available for use, after March 18, 2019, and before 2028
• has not been used or acquired for use for any purpose before it was acquired by the taxpayer
• is a vehicle in respect of which an amount has not been deducted as CCA and a terminal loss has not been claimed by another person or partnership

• is a vehicle for which:
  • an election has not been made to forgo the Class 54 or 55 treatment
  • assistance has not been provided by the Government of Canada under the new incentive announced on March 19, 2019

Joint ownership

If you and another person own or lease a passenger vehicle or zero-emission passenger vehicle, the limits on CCA, interest, and leasing costs still apply. The total amount you (as a joint owner) or any other owners deduct cannot be more than the amount one person owning or leasing the vehicle could deduct.

How to record motor vehicle expenses

You can deduct motor vehicle expenses only when they are reasonable and you have receipts to support them. To get the full benefit of your claim for each vehicle, keep a record of the total kilometres you drive and the kilometres you drive to earn business income.

For each trip, list the date, destination, purpose, and number of kilometres you drive. Record the odometer reading of each vehicle at the start and end of the fiscal period.

If you change motor vehicles during the fiscal period, record the dates of the changes and the odometer readings when you buy, sell, or trade the vehicles.

Vehicle definition

The following chart will help you to determine if you have a motor vehicle or a passenger vehicle. The chart does not cover every situation, but it gives some of the main definitions for vehicles bought or leased and used to earn self‑employment income.

Vehicle definition chart

Full logbook

The best evidence to support the use of a vehicle is an accurate logbook of business travel maintained for the entire year, showing for each business trip, the destination, the reason for the trip and the distance covered.

For each business trip, keep a log listing the following:

• date
• destination
• purpose
• number of kilometres you drive.

Record the odometer reading of each vehicle at the start and end of the fiscal period.

If you change motor vehicles during the fiscal period, record the dates of the changes and the odometer reading when you buy, sell, or trade the vehicle.

Simplified logbook

You can choose to maintain a full logbook for one complete year to establish a base year's business use of a vehicle.

After one complete year of keeping a logbook to establish the base year, you can use a three-month sample logbook to foresee business use for the entire year, as long as the usage is within the same range (within 10%) of the results of the base year. Businesses will have to show that the use of the vehicle in the base year remains representative of its normal use.

The business use of the vehicle in the subsequent year will be calculated by multiplying the business use as determined in the base year by the ratio of the sample period and base year period. The formula for this calculation is as follows:

(Sample year period % ÷ Base year period %) × Base year annual % = Calculated annual business use

Where the calculated annual business use in a later year goes up or down by more than 10%, the base year is not an appropriate indicator of annual usage in that later year. In such a case, the sample period logbook would only be reliable for the three-month period it had been maintained. For the remainder of the year, the business use of the vehicle would need to be determined based on an actual record of travel or alternative records, as discussed above. In these circumstances, the taxpayer should consider establishing a new base year by maintaining a logbook for a new 12-month period.

Even though records and supporting documents are only required to be kept for a period of six years from the end of the tax year to which they relate, the logbook for the full 12-month period must be kept for a period of six years from the end of the tax year for which it is last used to establish business use.

If you use more than one motor vehicle for your business, keep a separate record for each vehicle that shows the total and business kilometres you drive, and the cost to run and maintain each vehicle. Calculate each vehicle's expenses separately.

Vehicle loans interest expenses

You can deduct interest on money you borrow to buy a motor vehicle, zero-emission vehicle, passenger vehicle, or zero-emission passenger vehicle you use to earn business income. Include this interest as an expense when you calculate your allowable motor vehicle expenses.

However, there is a limit on the amount of interest you can deduct for a passenger vehicle or zero-emission passenger vehicle. In such a case, the amount of interest you can deduct is limited to the lesser of the following two amounts:

• Total interest payable for the year
• $10 × the number of days for which interest was payable in the year. (Use $8.33 for passenger vehicles bought between December 31, 1996, and January 1, 2001. In all other cases, use $10.00)

To calculate the amount of interest you can deduct, complete "Chart B – Available interest expense for passenger vehicles and zero-emission passenger vehicles" on your form.

Vehicle leasing expenses

You can deduct costs you incur to lease a motor vehicle you use to earn income. Include these amounts on:

• line 9281 for business and professional expenses
• line 9819 for farming expenses
• line 9281 for fishing expenses

When you use a passenger vehicle to earn farming or fishing income, there is a limit on the amount of the leasing costs you can deduct. To calculate your eligible leasing costs, fill in "Chart C – Eligible leasing costs for passenger vehicles" of your form.

If the lease agreement for your passenger vehicle includes such items as insurance, maintenance, and taxes, include them as part of the lease charges on amount 20 of Chart C.

For your 2023 fiscal period, use the GST rate of 5% or the HST rate of your specific province to fill in Chart C.

The following example shows how to calculate the eligible leasing costs. Use Chart C of your form to help you understand the following example. In this chart, we use prescribed amounts. Prescribed means it is written in the law.

Repayments and imputed interest

When you lease a passenger vehicle, you may have a repayment owing to you, or you may have imputed interest. If so, you will not be able to use the chart.

Imputed interest is interest that would be owing to you if interest were paid on the money you deposited to lease a passenger vehicle. Calculate imputed interest for leasing costs on a passenger vehicle only if all of the following apply:

• one or more deposits were made for the leased passenger vehicle
• one or more deposits are refundable
• the total of the deposits is more than $1,000

For more information, see interpretation bulletin IT-521, Motor Vehicle Expenses Claimed by Self-Employed Individuals.

Forms and publications

• Form T2125, Statement of Business or Professional Activities
• Guide T4002, Self-employed Business, Professional, Commission, Farming, and Fishing Income

Related links

• Motor vehicle – Leasing costs
• Type of vehicle
• Keeping records
• Business records
• Claiming capital cost allowance (CCA)