Translation disclaimer
This translation was prepared by Tax Interpretations Inc. The CRA did not issue this document in the language in which it now appears, and is not responsible for any errors in its translation that might impact a reader’s understanding of it or the position(s) taken therein. See also the general Disclaimer below.
Principal Issues: 1. When would a taxable dividend designated in respect of a beneficiary of a trust pursuant to subsection 104(19) be considered to have been received by the beneficiary? 2. Would a corporate beneficiary of the trust and a corporate dividend payer to the trust be connected with respect to the dividend designated under subsection 104(19)?
Position: 1. At the time that is the end of the taxation year of the trust in which the dividend was received by the trust. 2. Question of fact.
Reasons: 1 and 2. Application of the Act and previous positions.
April 30, 2019
Tax Abuse Avoidance and Income Tax Rulings Directorate
Technical Support Division
International and Large Business Branch Y. Beaudoin
Attention: Mr. Dominic Laroche (514) 496-6688
2018-075759
Trust and Part IV Tax
This is in response to your e-mail of May 2, 2018 in which you requested us to confirm whether the position of the Canada Revenue Agency ("CRA") expressed in Technical Interpretation 2016-0647621E5 still reflects CRA’s position.
Unless otherwise indicated, all statutory references herein are to the provisions of the Income Tax Act, R.S.C. 1985 (5th Supp.), c. 1 (the "Act").
To begin with, we confirm that the position expressed in technical interpretations 2012-0465131E5 and 2016-0647621E5 still reflects the position of the CRA. Indeed, a textual, contextual and purposive interpretation of the Act leads the CRA to consider that an amount designated by a trust to its beneficiary pursuant to subsection 104(19) is deemed to be received as a taxable dividend by the recipient of the trust, at the end of the taxation year of the trust in which the trust received the dividend.
That being said, your question arises as a result of the various representations received from taxpayers or their representatives as part of an audit. Specifically, some taxpayers may not have considered the position of the CRA for the purposes of Part IV of the Act and submit that, for the purposes of Part IV of the Act, the determination as to whether a payer corporation is connected to a particular corporation, it must be made either at the time the amount is received by the beneficiary of the trust or at the time of the payment of the dividend by the payer corporation to the trust, and not at any other time.
Indeed, the determination of the timing of the receipt of a dividend by a particular corporation is significant for the purposes of Part IV of the Act because of the different consequences set out in paragraphs 186(1)(a) and (b), depending on whether the paying corporation is or is not connected with the particular corporation, as set out in subsection 186(4), at any time in a taxation year of the particular corporation. In the circumstances, that particular time is the time of receipt of the dividend as indicated in paragraph 8 of Interpretation Bulletin IT-269R4 (Archived). Pursuant to subsections 186(1) et seq., every corporation that is at any time in a taxation year a private corporation or a subject corporation is required, on or before its balance-due day for the year, to pay a tax under Part IV of the Act for the year
equal to the amount, if any, by which the total of:
(a) 38 1/3% of all assessable dividends received by the particular corporation in the year from corporations other than payer corporations connected with it, and
(b) all amounts, each of which is an amount in respect of an assessable dividend received by the particular corporation in the year from a private corporation or a subject corporation that was a payer corporation connected with the particular corporation, equal to the proportion of the payer corporation’s dividend refund, (within the meaning assigned by paragraph 129(1)(a)) for its taxation year in which it paid the dividend that (...).
One of the principal arguments submitted by one of the representatives in the representations received is the fact that Part IV of the Act does not apply to a taxable dividend, but to an assessable dividend, as that term is defined in subsection 186(3). According to that representative, the reasoning of the CRA in Technical Interpretation 2016-0647621E5 would be incorrect since it does not consider that aspect. In the representative’s view, the definition of an assessable dividend specifically emphasizes the amount received by a corporation, at the time of its receipt by the particular corporation.
It is true that Part IV of the Act is based on the concept of "assessable dividend". However, in order to qualify as an "assessable dividend", it is first necessary that the amount received by the particular corporation be received wholly or partially in payment of a taxable dividend of a corporation. Second, the definition of the term "assessable dividend" merely provides additional conditions for a taxable dividend to be subject to Part IV tax. Those conditions include, among other things, that the amount be received by a private corporation or a subject corporation and be deductible under section 112, paragraphs 113(1)(a), (a.1), (b) or (d) or subsection 113(2) in computing the recipient corporation’s taxable income for the year. Furthermore, in the context of an amount distributed by a trust to its beneficiary, it is only upon the designation by virtue of subsection 104(19) that the amount received by the beneficiary will be deemed to be a taxable dividend.
The following are the French and English versions of the definition of "assessable dividend":
«dividende imposable déterminé»
«dividende imposable déterminé» Somme reçue par une société, à un moment où elle est une société privée ou une société assujettie, au titre ou en paiement intégral ou partiel d’un dividende imposable d’une société, jusqu’à concurrence de la somme relative au dividende qui est déductible en application de l’article 112, des alinéas 113(1)a), a.1), b) ou d) ou du paragraphe 113(2) dans le calcul du revenu imposable pour l’année de la société qui a reçu le dividende.
“assessable dividend”
“assessable dividend” means an amount received by a corporation at a time when it is a private corporation or a subject corporation as, on account of, in lieu of payment of or in satisfaction of, a taxable dividend from a corporation, to the extent of the amount in respect of the dividend that is deductible under section 112, paragraph 113(1)(a), (a.1), (b) or (d) or subsection 113(2) in computing the recipient corporation's taxable income for the year.
For its part, subsection 112(1) provides that:
Where a corporation in a taxation year has received a taxable dividend from
(a) a taxable Canadian corporation, or
(b) a corporation resident in Canada (other than a non-resident-owned investment corporation or a corporation exempt from tax under this Part) and controlled by it,
an amount equal to the dividend may be deducted from the income of the receiving corporation for the year for the purpose of computing its taxable income.
In our view, the fact that the CRA refers in its opinions to taxable dividends rather than assessable dividends in no way affects the analysis that it sets out. It was assumed that the other conditions of the definition of assessable dividend were met in the circumstances and that the corporation was subject to Part IV tax. Consequently, before determining whether a corporation is subject to tax under Part IV of the Act, it must first be determined whether the corporation received an amount as, or in full or partial payment of, a taxable dividend in its taxation year and if that amount was deducted by virtue of subsection 112(1).
Here is an example of a hypothetical situation to illustrate the application of the Act, the position of the CRA as well as the fact that the position advocated by certain taxpayers or their representatives, whereby, for the purposes of paragraph 104(19) or Part IV of the Act, it should be considered that the recipient corporation receives a dividend from the paying corporation at the time the amount is paid by the trust to the recipient corporation or at the time the dividend is paid by the paying corporation to the trust, would be inapplicable in certain situations:
- Mr. A ("A") holds 100% of the voting shares of the capital stock of the taxable Canadian corporation, Opco Inc. ("Opco") and 100% of the common shares of the capital stock of the taxable Canadian corporation, Holdco Inc. (“Holdco”).
- A discretionary family trust ("Trust") holds 100% of the non-voting participating shares of the capital stock of Opco.
- Holdco is beneficiary of Trust.
- Trust and Opco have a taxation year-end of December 31st.
- Holdco has a taxation year-end of June 30.
- By virtue of paragraph 186(4)(a) and subsection 186(2), Opco is connected to Holdco.
- On June 20, 2017, Opco declares and pays in cash a taxable dividend to Trust.
- On the same day, June 20, 2017, Trust pays in cash to its Holdco beneficiary an amount equal to the amount received from Opco.
- Three days later, on June 23, 2017, the control of Opco is acquired by a third party who is arm's length with A. That results in a deemed taxation year end for Opco by virtue of subsection 249(4). Furthermore, from that time onwards, Opco is no longer connected to Holdco.
- Opco retains December 31 as its taxation year end.
- Trust makes a subsection 104(19) designation in its (T3) income tax return for the year ended December 31, 2017 so that the taxable dividend received by it on the shares of the capital stock of Opco is deemed to be a taxable dividend received by Holdco.
- No dividend refunds were received by Opco for its taxation year ending June 23, 2017.
In light of the facts of the hypothetical situation described above, the question is as to the manner in which Holdco is subject to Part IV tax.
As determined, among other things, in Technical Interpretations 2005-0159081I7 and 2013-0495801C6, Holdco is required to include the amount received from the Trust on June 20, 2017 in its taxation year ending June 30, 2018. In particular, under paragraph 104(13)(a), there is to be included in computing the income for a particular taxation year of a beneficiary under a trust, such part of the amount that, but for subsections (6) and (12), would be the trust’s income for the trust’s taxation year that ended in the particular year as became payable in the trust’s year to the beneficiary.
In this hypothetical situation, the amount was received by Trust on June 20, 2017 and became payable to Holdco on the same day. Consequently, the taxation year of Trust in which it received the Opco amount was that ending December 31, 2017. That taxation year of Trust ended in Holdco's 2018 taxation year. Holdco will therefore be required to include that amount in computing its income for its taxation year ending on June 30, 2018, even though that amount became payable to Holdco on June 20, 2017.
Furthermore, subsection 104(19) permits the preservation of the nature of the dividend income received by Trust at the level of its beneficiary, Holdco. Consequently, under subsection 104(19), where all of the conditions therein are satisfied, the portion of the taxable dividend received by Trust in a particular taxation year from a share of the capital stock of Opco is deemed, for the purposes of the Act, except Part XIII, to be a taxable dividend on the share received by Holdco in its taxation year in which the particular year ends, and is deemed, for the purposes of paragraphs 82(1)(b) and 107(1)(c) and (d) and section 112, not to have been received by Trust.
Subsection 104 (19) reads as follows:
Designation in respect of taxable dividends
(19) A portion of a taxable dividend received by a trust, in a particular taxation year of the trust, on a share of the capital stock of a taxable Canadian corporation is, for the purposes of this Act other than Part XIII, deemed to be a taxable dividend on the share received by a taxpayer, in the taxpayer’s taxation year in which the particular taxation year ends, and is, for the purposes of paragraphs 82(1)(b) and 107(1)(c) and (d) and section 112, deemed not to have been received by the trust, if
(a) an amount equal to that portion
(i) is designated by the trust, in respect of the taxpayer, in the trust’s return of income under this Part for the particular taxation year, and
(ii) may reasonably be considered (having regard to all the circumstances including the terms and conditions of the trust) to be part of the amount that, because of paragraph (13)(a), subsection (14) or section 105, was included in computing the income for that taxation year of the taxpayer;
(b) the taxpayer is in the particular taxation year a beneficiary under the trust;
(c) the trust is, throughout the particular taxation year, resident in Canada; and
(d) the total of all amounts each of which is an amount designated, under this subsection, by the trust in respect of a beneficiary under the trust in the trust’s return of income under this Part for the particular taxation year is not greater than the total of all amounts each of which is the amount of a taxable dividend, received by the trust in the particular taxation year, on a share of the capital stock of a taxable Canadian corporation.
Under the wording of subsection 104(19), an amount equal to a portion of a taxable dividend received by a trust, in a particular taxation year of the trust, on a share of the capital stock of a taxable Canadian corporation is, for the purposes of the Act other than Part XIII, deemed to be a taxable dividend on the share received by a taxpayer, in the taxpayer’s taxation year in which the particular taxation year ends, and is, for the purposes of paragraphs 82(1)(b) and 107(1)(c) and (d) and section 112, deemed not to have been received by the trust. In the particular hypothetical situation, the taxation year in which the amount received by Holdco from Trust will be deemed to be a taxable dividend for Holdco is the year ending on June 30, 2018. It is also in that year that Holdco may claim the dividend deduction in subsection 112(1). It is therefore in that taxation year that Holdco will be subject to Part IV tax on the dividend paid by Opco to Trust on June 20, 2017.
Furthermore, for purposes of Part IV of the Act, it is also necessary to determine, as stated in subsection 186(4), whether a payer corporation is connected with a particular corporation at any time in a taxation year of the particular corporation. According to paragraph 8 of Interpretation Bulletin IT-269R4 (Archived), for the purposes of subsection 186(1), it must be established whether an assessable dividend was received from a connected corporation at the time the dividend was received by the particular corporation. In this regard, the CRA's position is to consider that the amount designated to the beneficiary by a trust in accordance with subsection 104(19) is deemed to be received as a dividend by the beneficiary of the trust at the end of the year taxation of the trust in which the trust received the dividend. This position is based inter alia on the fact that the trust cannot make the designation under subsection 104(19) before the end of its taxation year. In addition, it is only at the end of its taxation year that a trust will be able to determine whether all the conditions set out in that provision are satisfied. As stated in the Department of Finance Technical Notes, the presumptions in subsection 104(19) apply only if certain conditions are satisfied. In addition, provided that a trust does not make the designation under subsection 104(19), it cannot be presumed that the amount distributed by the trust will retain its nature as a taxable dividend. The designation under subsection 104(19) is not automatic and, for a variety of reasons, a trust may decide not to use it in respect of an amount distributed in its taxation year.
Furthermore, this position also has the merit of applying in all circumstances, regardless of the end of the taxation year of a beneficiary corporation to which an amount equal to the portion of a taxable dividend received by a trust was designated. On the one hand, in the particular hypothetical situation, it would not be possible to take the position that an assessable dividend was received by Holdco on June 20, 2017, because in such a situation the conditions of the definition of the term "assessable dividend" under subsection 186(3) could not be satisfied. In particular, on June 20, 2017, the amount received by Holdco was not an amount received as, on account of, in lieu of payment of or in satisfaction of, part of a taxable dividend from a corporation deductible under section 112 in computing the recipient corporation’s taxable income for the year. That amount can only satisfy that definition during its taxation year ending June 30, 2018. In addition, it is only at the end of the trust's taxation year (December 31, 2017) that it can be determined whether that amount has been received as, on account of, in lieu of payment of or in satisfaction of, part of a taxable dividend. On the other hand, as indicated in subsection 186(4), for the purposes of Part IV of the Act, a payer corporation is connected with a particular corporation at a particular time in a taxation year. That time must therefore be included in the taxation year of the particular corporation that is subject to Part IV of the Act in respect of the particular taxable dividend received. Again, June 20, 2017 is not a time included in Holdco's June 30, 2018 taxation year.
Consequently, the position advocated by certain taxpayers or their representatives does not appear to take into account the fact that the payer corporation, in our example Opco, paid the dividend to a trust and not to its beneficiary. In order for the recipient to consider the amount received to be a taxable dividend, the conditions of subsection 104(19) must be satisfied. In addition, in the case of a beneficiary that is a corporation, the corporation will only be subject to Part IV of the Act in a particular taxation year where, among other things, it is determined that the corporation has received an amount as, on account of, in lieu of payment of or in satisfaction of, a portion of a taxable dividend and such amount is deductible under section 112 in computing its taxable income for the year.
Although the wording of the Act is not necessarily similar, the same logic is followed, for example, in document 2010-0363191C6, regarding the calculation of a capital dividend account "CDA") of a corporation. In particular, the amounts referred to in subsection 104(20) and distributed by a trust to its corporate beneficiary increase the corporation's CDA balance, pursuant to paragraph (g) of the CDA definition in subsection 89(1), only at the end of the trust's taxation year and not at the time of the distribution.
Some representatives also submitted that the CRA position expressed in Technical Interpretation 2016-0647621E5 is a new position and that the tax community was not aware of the impact of subsection 104(19) and the potential application of Part IV tax in the event of a disposition of the payer corporation's shares by the trust. In that regard, we wish to clarify that the Technical Interpretation 2012-0465131E5 issued by the CRA on January 14, 2013 also provides that a taxable dividend designated by a trust to its beneficiary under subsection 104(19) is deemed to have been received by the beneficiary at the end of the trust's taxation year. Technical Interpretation 2012-0465131E5 has been used inter alia to illustrate the application of its underlying doctrine with respect to Part IV tax. See for example: Catherine Tremblay, Deemed Timing of a Dividend Receipt by a Trust Beneficiary, 2014 CTF 4 (1) and Joan E. Jung and Cynthia M. McIntyre, Current Issues, in 2013 Ontario Tax Conference (Toronto: Canadian Tax Foundation, 2013), 1: 1-40.
Some representatives also referred to the response given by Revenu Québec to question 6 presented to the Comité de liaison de l’Ordre des comptables professionnels agréés du Québec and Revenu Québec on June 15, 2018. Indeed, at that meeting, Revenu Quebec specified that in order to determine the rate of the tax credit to be applied to a taxable dividend designated to a beneficiary by a trust for the year 2018, the timing of the payment of the dividend by the payer corporation to the trust will be taken into account. By analogy, the representatives request that the same time, i.e. the time of the payment of the dividend by the payer corporation, be taken into consideration in order to determine whether the corporations are connected for the purposes of Part IV of the Act, despite the application of subsection 104(19).
In that regard, we would like to point out, first, that in its response, Revenu Québec first stated that it considers that the amount designated pursuant to article 666 of the Quebec Taxation Act (equivalent to subsection 104(19)) is deemed to be received as a dividend by the beneficiary of the trust at the end of the taxation year of the trust in which the trust received the dividend, since the trust cannot make such a designation before the end of its taxation year.
Second, the wording of subsection 104(19) is very similar to the wording of article 666 of the Quebec Taxation Act. In that regard, we note that under subsection 104(19), it is only for the purposes of certain provisions of the Act, including inter alia for the purpose of the dividend gross-up for an individual under paragraph 82(1)(b), that a trust is deemed not to have received the dividend and, therefore, only the taxpayer is deemed to have received the dividend. Paragraph 82(1)(b) must be read in conjunction with section 121 to establish the rate of taxation for a taxable dividend received by an individual.
In the particular circumstances of question 6 presented to the Comité de liaison de l’Ordre des comptables professionnels agréés du Québec and Revenu Québec on June 15, 2018, it may therefore seem logical to look at the timing of the payment of the dividend by the payer corporation for the purpose of determining the tax credit rate applicable to the individual. That being said, the position taken by Revenu Québec was taken in a specific and different context from the issue under consideration in this case.
In conclusion, we confirm that the position in Technical Interpretation 2016-0647621E5 still reflects the position of the CRA. We are still of the view that the amount designated by a trust to its beneficiary in accordance with subsection 104(19) is deemed to be received as a taxable dividend by the beneficiary of the trust at the end of the following taxation year of the trust in which the trust received the taxable dividend. This position is based on the fact that the trust cannot make the designation by virtue of subsection 104(19) until the end of its taxation year.
We hope that our comments are of assistance.
Best regards,
Urszula Chalupa LL.B., M. Fisc.
Manager
For the Director
Reorganizations Division
Income Tax Rulings Directorate
Legislative Policy and Regulatory Affairs Branch
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