News of Note
PepsiCo – High Court of Australia finds declines to recharacterize, as a royalty, FMV sales proceeds of concentrate paid to an Australian sub of PepsiCo, the trademark licensor
A U.S. company (“PepsiCo”) entered into an “exclusive bottling appointment” (“EBA”) with an arm’s-length Australian bottling company (“SAPL”). PepsiCo agreed in the EBA to sell, or cause a related entity to sell, beverage concentrate to SAPL for bottling and sale, and granted SAPL the right to use the Pepsi and Mountain Dew trademarks in this regard. A Singapore company in the PepsiCo group produced the concentrate, and sold it (at a 0.05% mark-up) to an Australian company in the PepsiCo group (“PBS”) which, in turn, supplied it to SAPL and invoiced SAPL therefor.
At issue was whether any portion of the payments made by SAPL constituted a royalty “derived” by PepsiCo from an Australian resident (SAPL), so as to be subject to Australian withholding tax. A “royalty” was relevantly defined as amounts paid or credited as consideration for the use of or the right to use various listed types of intellectual property, including trademarks.
In concluding that the amounts paid by SAPL to PBS were not a royalty, the majority stated:
The Commissioner did not dispute that [the concentrate price] was an arm's length price, or a fair price … . When the price paid for goods has those characteristics, it cannot be said that a part of the price paid for those goods is payment of a royalty for the use of intellectual property applied to products partly made with those goods.
Regarding the question of whether, if instead payments by SAPL had been a royalty, PepsiCo would have derived any amount as a royalty (which the Commissioner accepted required that there have been an antecedent obligation between PepsiCo and SAPL which was being satisfied by payments made under direction), the majority noted that although the ERB had required SAPL in the future to enter into a contract to buy concentrate on specified terms, such clause “did not change the parties to the subsequent transactions for the sale of concentrate, namely PBS and SAPL” so that “[i]f SAPL failed to pay for the concentrate supplied by PBS, it was PBS as the contracting party that had an action for debt under those sale transactions.”
The Commissioner's appeal was dismissed.
Neal Armstrong. Summary of Commissioner of Taxation v PepsiCo Inc, [2025] HCA 30 under s. 212(1)(d).
CRA has released the official version of the 2025 IFA Roundtable
The table below provides links to the official versions of the May 28, 2025 IFA Roundtable items together with summaries of the CRA answers which we provided in the week following that conference.
Topic | Descriptor | |
---|---|---|
28 May 2025 IFA Roundtable Q. 1, 2025-1052641C6 - Digital Services Tax (DST) Act | Other Legislation/Constitution - Federal - Digital Services Tax Act - Section 45 | various issues re CRA administration |
28 May 2025 IFA Roundtable Q. 2, 2025-1052681C6 - Global Minimum Tax Act | Other Legislation/Constitution - Federal - Global Minimum Tax Act - Section 60 - Subsection 60(1) | affected taxpayers are expected to start registering for GMTA purposes in late 2025 |
28 May 2025 IFA Roundtable Q. 3, 2025-1055511C6 - Cash Pooling | Income Tax Act - Section 15 - Subsection 15(2.11) | PLOI election available re cross-border cash-pooling arrangement/ simplified PLOI election will be announced |
Income Tax Act - Section 15 - Subsection 15(2.6) | frequent anticipated payments and repayments occurring in a cross-border physical or notional cash-pooling arrangement likely would be a s. 15(2.6) series | |
Income Tax Act - Section 15 - Subsection 15(2.17) | illustration of ordering rule for determining whether s. 15(2.17) applies to a cross-border notional cash pooling arrangement | |
28 May 2025 IFA Roundtable Q. 4, 2025-1052581C6 - Requests for documents under section 231.1 | Income Tax Act - Section 231.2 - Subsection 231.2(1) | s. 231.1 is CRA's primary information-request power, and it uses s. 231.2 only in special situations, e.g., information about unnamed persons |
Income Tax Act - Section 231.1 - Subsection 231.1(1) | CRA is now using s. 231.1 as its primary demand power, and is relegating s. 231.2 to special situations | |
28 May 2025 IFA Roundtable Q. 5, 2025-1063771C6 - Computation of FAT | Income Tax Act - Section 95 - Subsection 95(1) - Foreign Accrual Tax | formula for prorating foreign tax between a FAPI and non-FAPI business for FAT purposes |
28 May 2025 IFA Roundtable Q. 6, 2025-1052631C6 - Earnings of a disregarded US LLC | Income Tax Regulations - Regulation 5907 - Subsection 5907(2.03) | the opening UCC for used depreciable property of an acquired LLC for the first year of computing its (a)(iii) earnings was the lesser of UCC and FMV |
Vefghi – FCA confirms that whether a s. 104(19) dividend was received by a corporate beneficiary from a connected corporation is tested at the trust year end
Partway through its calendar taxation year, a family trust received a dividend from a family corporation, paid that dividend to a corporate beneficiary (also with a calendar year end) and in its return for that taxation year, made a s. 104(19) designation. CRA applied its published position (e.g., in 2020-0845821C6 F) that since (due to a sale of the dividend payor to a third party) the two corporations had ceased to be connected between the time of the dividend and the effective time of the s. 104(19) designation (the December 31 trust year end), the dividend was subject to Part IV tax.
A second situation was similar, except that a new taxation year of the corporate beneficiary started after the date of the payment of the dividend (on June 30, shortly preceding the dividend payer and beneficiary ceasing to be connected) and before the (December 31) effective date of the s. 104(19) designation by the trust, so that on no day in that taxation year of the corporate beneficiary was the dividend payer connected to it.
Webb JA confirmed that the determination of whether the corporate payor was connected with the corporate beneficiary was to be made at the end of the particular taxation year of the trust in which it received the dividend. Thus, since such connected status did not exist at the trust year-end, Part IV tax was payable in both cases.
In reaching this conclusion, Webb JA noted:
- Since the s. 104(19) designation “cannot be made before the end of the trust's taxation year, the last day of the trust's taxation year is the earliest date on which this designation could be made” and, indeed, “[i]t is only once the designation is made, and the corporate beneficiary is deemed to receive a dividend, that the determination of whether the beneficiary corporation is connected to the corporation that paid the dividend to the trust can be made”.
- Conversely, finding that the date the trust made the designation was the relevant date could lead to a conflict with the wording of s. 104(19), for example, if a trust with a December 31 year-end made a designation when it filed its tax return after December 31, that “would be after the taxation year of the corporate beneficiary in which the trust's taxation year ends”.
Thus, in light of these and other considerations, the only date for applying the connected test that seemed to “work” was the December 31 trust year end.
Neal Armstrong. Summary of Canada v. Vefghi Holding Corp, 2025 FCA 143 under s. 104(19).
Income Tax Severed Letters 13 August 2025
This morning's release of six severed letters from the Income Tax Rulings Directorate is now available for your viewing.
CRA confirms T4A slip requirements and the potential for penalties
Regarding a non-profit corporation operating a youth baseball league in Ontario which was paying fees to independent contractors for their services of officiating at the games, CRA noted that its administrative exception from the T4A slip requirement for services fees of less than $500 per year, and for services rendered to individuals by professionals or for repairs or maintenance of an individual’s principal residence, did not apply, so that T4As were required.
CRA indicated that the late-filing penalties under ss. 162(7.01) and (7.02) could apply cumulatively for failure to file the T4As; and also seemed to imply that the $2500 penalty under s. 162(7)(a) could apply (which seems incorrect – it does not apply if s. 162(7.01) or (7.02) applies).
Since the officials were residents, there would be no payor liability to pay their taxes.
Regarding the s. 238 offence, CRA stated:
While the broad wording of subsection 238(1) applies to a failure to file or make a return as and when required, the provincial courts require the CRA to have served the taxpayer with a Notice of Requirement under section 231.2, in respect of which the taxpayer failed to comply.
Neal Armstrong. Summaries of 17 November 2022 External T.I. 2022-0930451E5 under Reg. 200(1), s. 162(7.01) and s. 238(1).
A graduated rate estate may recognize a capital loss for s. 164(6) carryback on a personal-use property of the deceased such as a principal residence
2008-0280751E5 indicated that an estate which sold the principal residence of the deceased (which was vacant in its hands) within one year of the death was able to claim a capital loss based on the amount of depreciation in value of the residence from the time of death, given that the residence did not constitute personal-use property to it, so that it could then carry back the loss under s. 164(6).
A capital loss could be generated by a graduated rate estate in other situations, for example, where the estate received other personal-use property of the deceased, such as a yacht that then depreciated in value while being kept in drydock, or where it received a large piece of real estate, only a portion of which qualified as the principal residence of the deceased, so that a capital loss could be claimed and carried back under s. 164(6) respecting the entire property.
Neal Armstrong. Summary of Balaji Katlai and Henry Korenblum, “Estate’s Loss on Former Principal Residence Carried Back,” Canadian Tax Focus, Vol. 15, No. 3, August 2025, p. 7 under s. 164(6).
We have translated 8 more CRA severed letters
We have translated a CRA interpretation released last week, a ruling released the previous week and a further 6 CRA interpretations released in April of 2000. Their descriptors and links appear below.
These are additions to our set of 3,284 full-text translations of French-language Technical Interpretation and Roundtable items (plus some ruling letters) of the Income Tax Rulings Directorate, which covers all of the last 25 years of releases of such items by the Directorate. These translations are subject to our paywall (applicable after the 5th of each month).
Bundle Date | Translated severed letter | Summaries under | Summary descriptor |
---|---|---|---|
2025-08-06 | 6 May 2025 External T.I. 2024-1010641E5 F - Relevant Group Entity | Income Tax Act - Section 84.1 - Subsection 84.1(2.31) - Paragraph 84.1(2.31)(c) - Subparagraph 84.1(2.31)(c)(iii) | the retention of Opco’s real estate in the parent’s Realtyco after a sale of Opco to the child’s Holdco does not render Realtyco a relevant group entity |
2025-07-30 | 2024 Ruling 2024-1027631R3 F - Post-mortem planning - Pipeline | Income Tax Act - Section 84 - Subsection 84(2) | classical 24-month pipeline transaction for an investments company whose portfolio had performed poorly |
2000-04-28 | 13 April 2000 Internal T.I. 2000-0005737 F - IMPOSITION DES RISTOURNES | Income Tax Act - Section 135 - Subsection 135(4) - Allocation in Proportion to Patronage | insufficient information to determine whether allocations in proportion to patronage, or volume rebates |
Income Tax Act - Section 9 - Timing | year end rebate amounts, if not allocations in proportion to patronage, were not includible at that time in s. 9 income as the conditions precedent for their payment had not yet been met | ||
10 February 2000 Internal T.I. 1999-0014267 F - PRESCRIPTION | Income Tax Act - Section 152 - Subsection 152(4.01) - Paragraph 152(4.01)(a) - Subparagraph 152(4.01)((a)(i) | misrepresentation re underreported income could not be used as basis for reassessing expenses for which there had been no misrepresentation of fact | |
2000-04-14 | 5 April 2000 External T.I. 1999-0004235 F - PERTE AU TITRE D'UN PLACEMENT D'ENTREPRISE | Income Tax Act - Section 39 - Subsection 39(12) | s. 39(12) applied to debts acquired by subrogation by paying guaranteed debts seriatim on due dates provided that the guaranteed corp met the SBC test on the first such guarantee payment |
31 March 2000 External T.I. 1999-0008715 F - PROPOSE DE LA LOI - XXXXXXXXXX | Income Tax Act - Section 120.4 - Subsection 120.4(1) - Split Income - Paragraph (c) - Subparagraph (c)(ii) - Clause (c)(ii)(C) | split income to minor child beneficiary of trust partner in partnership providing admin services to father’s professional partnership | |
18 January 2000 Income Tax Severed Letter 9932456 F - MOT PAYABLE BIEN MEUBLE LÉGUÉ UNIVERSEL | Income Tax Act - Section 104 - Subsection 104(24) | income of Quebec estate was not payable to the residuary beneficiary unless it was generated after estate admin was completed | |
Income Tax Act - Section 152 - Subsection 152(4.2) | CCRA could reassess estate statute-barred years to allow deduction under ss. 104(6) and (24) for income that became payable after estate administration was complete | ||
6 April 2000 External T.I. 2000-0009515 F - Choix 1103(1) et Immeubles locatifs | Income Tax Regulations - Regulation 1103 - Subsection 1103(1) | corporation holding and managing rental properties is carrying on a business |
CRA rules on a classical 24-month pipeline transaction for an investments company whose portfolio had performed poorly
CRA ruled on a classical post-mortem pipeline transaction carried out in relation to an Opco with an investments business and whose shares on the death of the individual had an aggregate FMV less than the aggregate redemption value of the outstanding preferred shares (so that the Opco common shares were considered to have a nominal FMV). Under the proposed transactions:
- the estate transfers all its shares of Opco on an s. 85(1) rollover basis to Newco in consideration for a demand note and Class B non-voting, non-cumulative preferred shares of Newco.
- each of the children, who are equal beneficiaries, transfer their preferred shares and common shares of Opco on an s. 85(1) rollover basis to Newco in consideration for Class C non-voting, non-cumulative preferred shares of Newco.
- at least 12 months later, Newco and Opco amalgamate, with the note then being repaid on a quarterly basis over a minimum period of one year, with Amalco then being wound up into the estate.
Neal Armstrong. Summary of 2024 Ruling 2024-1027631R3 F under s. 84(2).
CRA confirms that the retention of Opco’s real estate in the parent’s Realtyco after a sale of Opco to the child’s Holdco does not render Realtyco a relevant group entity
Mr. A wholly owned Opco, whose shares qualified as qualified small business corporation shares (QSBCS), and Holdco, which leased commercial property to Opco for use in its Canadian active business, so that the rents were deemed under s. 129(6) to be active business income. Mr. A disposed of the Opco shares to a holding company of his adult child (the purchaser). If this disposition satisfied the other requirements of s. 84.1(2.31), it nonetheless would not satisfy those rules if Holdco constituted a relevant group entity.
In finding that it was not, CRA indicated that Opco's assets could not be considered to be used in a business of Holdco nor, on the facts, did Opco hold shares or debt of Holdco or a debt payable by Holdco. Therefore, it could not be concluded that the business carried on by Holdco could be relevant in determining whether shares of Opco constituted QSBCS at the disposition time.
The same conclusion was reached more briefly in 2024-1036641E5 F.
Neal Armstrong. Summary of 6 May 2025 External T.I. 2024-1010641E5 F under s. 84.1(2.31)(c)(iii).
Excluded entities have the choice of whether or not to compute their CUEC in years in which it is not being utilized
If the maximum amount that the EIFEL regime permits the taxpayer to deduct for a taxation year is not fully utilized, that amount is added to its cumulative unused excess capacity (CUEC) balance, thereby increasing its capacity to make interest and financing expense deductions in any of the three subsequent taxation years.
Both the CUEC definition in s. 18.2(1) and Schedule 130 contemplate that the CUEC balance can accumulate in years in which it is not used irrespective of whether the form is filed for those year. Furthermore, although s. 18.2(18) states that “each taxpayer" shall file a prescribed form containing prescribed information respecting the deductibility of its IFE, CRA guidelines state that an excluded entity is not required to file unless it is a party to an election under the rules.
Thus, an excluded entity appears to have the choice of filing the prescribed form (Sched. 130) for years when the form is not required by CRA. This creates additional costs, but less of a burden in a subsequent year when the CUEC is needed.
Neal Armstrong. Summary of Simon Townsend and Benjamin Wilson, “Excluded Entities for EIFEL: Should CUEC Balances Be Tracked and Filed?,” Canadian Tax Focus, Vol. 15, No. 3, August 2025, p. 2 under s. 18.2(1) - CUEC.