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Chevalier considered this development a very important one and informed Axor's senior estimator. [20]            The importance of Benoit Auclair's testimony was his saying that in the estimate of costs calculated as likely to be incurred, to determine the overall price that Axor would bid for Gagetown and Greenwood, he had taken into account the reduction in effective GST rates on building materials resulting from the HST scheduled for April 1, 1997. [21]            He entered in evidence Exhibits P-3 and P-4. ... He considered that to say that the public notice of April 19, 1983, was not valid for the purpose of the contract was "to insert into the actual wording of a quite clear contractual provision, without good reason, an ambiguity which is external and foreign to the contract, namely that surrounding the legislative process, and then conclude that the contractual provision itself is ambiguous and requires interpretation and that the ambiguity must be interpreted against the party drafting the contract". [73]            Létourneau J.A. reasoned that "the respondent could not use factors external to the contract to create an ambiguity which serves its interests and allows it to rely to its benefit on the rule in art. 1019 of the Civil Code of Lower Canada, that an ambiguity should be interpreted in its favour". [74]            He felt that "Saying that the public notice of April 19, 1983, is not valid is also to confuse the concept of public notice mentioned in clause 22.4 of the contract and that of Notices of Ways and Means Motions on the Budget by which the public notice of the contract was implemented", and at paras. 10 and 11 concluded as follows: ¶ 10         However interesting or intriguing the vagaries of the electoral and legislative process may be, they cannot alter the factual and legal reality, or if you like, conceal the true perspective on the course of events. ...

I do not need to examine what type of powers the CRA has exercised in each case in order to determine the standard of impartiality that should be applied, as I am satisfied that the Patrys have failed to show that there exists a serious issue as to a reasonable apprehension of bias on the part of the BFTSO, even when considered against the standard most favourable to their position ...   [70]            I have considered the Patrys’ argument that they cannot file returns for their 2009 tax years as they do not have access to the necessary documents. ...

. […]   [49]            There, the Supreme Court considered the grammatical and ordinary sense of the words at issue, the scheme of the act under consideration, the legislative history and evolution of the provisions in issue and the purpose of the legislation ... While Friends of Oldman River, above, considered inconsistencies between acts of Parliament and inconsistent or conflicting subordinate legislation, the underlying rational is the same.  ...

It being agreed between the parties hereto and the Parties of the First Part as between themselves hereby agreeing, that after the sale of sufficient royalties or units or production as aforesaid, the royalties or percentages of production remaining shall be divided among the parties of the First Part and Fred Elves in the proportion to the shares held by each in the company as hereinbefore set out; said royalties to be considered as part of the consideration for the sale, transfer and assignment of the said contract as hereinbefore set out. ... It being agreed between the parties hereto and the Parties of the First Part (the vendors) as between themselves hereby agreeing, that after the sale of sufficient royalties or units of production as aforesaid, the royalties or percentages of production remaining shall be divided among the Parties of the First Part and Fred Elves (a partner or associate of the three named parties of the first part) in the proportion to the shares held by each in the company as hereinbefore set out; said royalties to be considered as part of the consideration for the sale, transfer and assignment of the said contract as hereinbefore set out. ...

As to subsection 2 of section 8, the President considered that the word "income" therein must have been intended to relate to the "undistributed income" mentioned in section 5. ... I have carefully considered these recent observations with the result that, while I think that in the present case we are warranted in examining the legislative history of section 19 for the purpose of securing, if possible, a sidelight on the intention of Parliament, yet I am firmly of the opinion that the rights of the parties must in the end be determined by reading together and construing sections 11 and 22 of c. 38 of the Statutes of 1936. ...

(N.S.) 176, considered; Davis v. Workers’ Compensation Board, [1980] 2 W.W.R. 349; Re Clemenshaw; Workers’ Compensation Board v. ... Jones J. speaking for the court said, at p. 260:                      In view of these remarks I fail to see how it can be argued that Re Clemenshaw can still be considered a valid interpretation of s. 107(1) of the Bankruptcy Act. ...

The appellant submits that, notwithstanding these problems, because of the evidence that the respondents bought the property, there should be a presumption of fact to the effect that the respondents would inevitably resell the property, making them at the very least guilty of attempt.   69                                As I have already said, however, if attempt were to be considered in this Court, it would have to be considered in light of the wording of the charge, that is, an attempt to “transfer the possession” of the property.  ...

The factors to be considered include: the purpose and objective of the Act and provision at issue, the specific language of the provision at issue and any privative clauses in the tribunal’s constitutive statute, the nature of the decision made by the tribunal, and the relative expertise of the tribunal compared to that of the courts in deciding such matters.  ... By contrast, the Deputy Minister submits that the only sale for export to Canada was the one between the second intermediary and the ultimate purchaser.   37           U.S. courts have considered whether a sale for export to the U.S. requires that the purchaser be located in the U.S.  ...

  [34]       Third, the Tax Court judge considered as a positive factor the fact that the Board had taken great care in hiring a qualified person as Manager and were justified in trusting him.  ...   [37]       Finally, he considered the fact that the Society dismissed all the directors of the Corporation and send it into bankruptcy, thereby preventing these directors from continuing to try and keep the business going and getting in a healthier financial position ...

This section provides that: 94.1 (1) If in a taxation year a taxpayer holds or has an interest in property (referred to in this section as an “offshore investment fund property”) 94.1 (1) Lorsque, au cours d’une année d’imposition, un contribuable détient un bien ou a un droit sur un bien (appelé « bien d’un fonds de placement non-résident » au présent article) qui répond aux conditions suivantes: (a) that is a share of the capital stock of, an interest in, or a debt of, a non-resident entity (other than a controlled foreign affiliate of the taxpayer or a prescribed non-resident entity) or an interest in or a right or option to acquire such a share, interest or debt, and a) il est une action du capital-actions d’une entité non-résidente (autre qu’une société étrangère affiliée contrôlée du contribuable ou une entité non-résidente visée par règlement) ou une participation dans une tell entité, ou une créance sur elle, ou un droit sur une telle action, participation ou créance ou un droit ou une option d’achat d’une telle action, participation ou créance; (b) that may reasonably be considered to derive its value, directly or indirectly, primarily from portfolio investments of that or any other non-resident entity in b) sa valeur peut raisonnablement être considérée comme découlant principalement, directement ou indirectement, de placements de portefeuille de cette même entité ou de toute autre entité non-résidente: (i) shares of the capital stock of one or more corporations, (i) en actions du capital-actions d’une ou de plusieurs sociétés, (ii) indebtedness or annuities, (ii) en créances ou en rentes, (iii) interests in one or more corporations, trusts, partnerships, organizations, funds or entities, (iii) en participations dans un ou plusieurs fonds ou organismes ou dans une ou plusieurs sociétés, fiducies, sociétés de personnes ou entités, (iv) commodities, (iv) en marchandises, (v) real estate, (v) en biens immeubles, (vi) Canadian or foreign resource properties, (vi) en avoirs miniers canadiens ou étrangers, (vii) currency of a country other than Canada, (vii) en monnaie autre que la monnaie canadienne, (viii) rights or options to acquire or dispose of any of the foregoing, or (viii) en droits ou options d’achat ou de disposition de l’une des valeurs qui précèdent, (ix) any combination of the foregoing, (ix) en toute combinaison de ce qui précède, and it may reasonably be concluded, having regard to all the circumstances, including et que l’on peut raisonnablement conclure, compte tenu des circonstances, y compris: (c) the nature, organization and operation of any non-resident entity and the form of, and the terms and conditions governing, the taxpayer’s interest in, or connection with, any non-resident entity, c) la nature, l’organisation et les activités de toute entité non-résidente, ainsi que les formalités et les conditions régissant la participation du contribuable dans toute entité non-résidente ou les liens qu’il a avec une telle entité; (d) the extent to which any income, profits and gains that may reasonably be considered to be earned or accrued, whether directly or indirectly, for the benefit of any non-resident entity are subject to an income or profits tax that is significantly less than the income tax that would be applicable to such income, profits and gains if they were earned directly by the taxpayer, and d) la mesure dans laquelle les revenus, bénéfices et gains qu’il est raisonnable de considérer comme ayant été gagnés ou accumulés, directement ou indirectement, au profit de toute entité non-résidente sont assujettis à un impôt sur le revenu ou sur les bénéfices qui est considérablement moins élevé que l’impôt sur le revenu dont ces revenus, bénéfices et gains seraient frappés s’ils étaient gagnés directement par le contribuable; (e) the extent to which the income, profits and gains of any non-resident entity for any fiscal period are distributed in that or the immediately following fiscal period, e) la mesure dans laquelle les revenus, bénéfices et gains de toute entité non-résidente pour un exercice donné sont distribués au cours de ce même exercice ou de celui qui le suit, that one of the main reasons for the taxpayer acquiring, holding or having the interest in such property was to derive a benefit from portfolio investments in assets described in any of subparagraphs 94.1(1)(b)(i) to 94.1(1)(b)(ix) in such a manner that the taxes, if any, on the income, profits and gains from such assets for any particular year are significantly less than the tax that would have been applicable under this Part if the income, profits and gains had been earned directly by the taxpayer, there shall be included in computing the taxpayer’s income for the year the amount, if any, by which que l’une des raisons principales pour le contribuable d’acquérir, de détenir ou de posséder un droit sur un tel bien était de tirer un bénéfice de placements de portefeuille dans des biens visés à l’un des sous-alinéas b) (i) à (ix) de façon que les impôts sur les revenus, bénéfices et gains provenant de ces biens pour une année donnée soient considérablement moins élevés que l’impôt dont ces revenus, bénéfices et gains auraient été frappés en vertu de la présente partie s’ils avaient été gagnés directement par le contribuable, celui-ci doit inclure dans le calcul de son revenu pour l’année l’excédent éventuel du total visé à l’alinéa f) sur le montant visé à l’alinéa g): (f) the total of all amounts each of which is the product obtained when f) le total des montants dont chacun est le produit de la multiplication du montant visé au sous-alinéa (i) par le quotient visé au sous-alinéa (ii): (i) the designated cost to the taxpayer of the offshore investment fund property at the end of a month in the year is multiplied by (i) le coût désigné, pour le contribuable, du bien d’un fonds de placement non-résident à la fin d’un mois donné de l’année, (ii) 1/12 of the total of (ii) 1/12 du total des pourcentages suivants: (A) the prescribed rate of interest for the period that includes that month, and (A) le taux d’intérêt prescrit pour la période comprenant ce mois, (B) two per cent exceeds (B) deux pour cent; (g) the taxpayer’s income for the year (other than a capital gain) from the offshore investment fund property determined without reference to this subsection. g) le revenu du contribuable pour l’année (autre qu’un gain en capital) tiré d’un bien d’un fonds de placement non-résident et déterminé compte non tenu du présent paragraphe. [62]            The first question posed by the Remaining Appellants is essentially whether section 94.1 of the Act can apply if the Remaining Appellants do not have a direct or indirect proprietary or security interest in the investment portfolio. ...