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. … A parent of a municipal entity is not entitled to gain an advantage over its private competitors by arranging its subsidiaries’ affairs in a way that causes a hypothetical arm’s length loan to appear riskier than it would have been had any reasonable municipal entity actually gone into the market to borrow the funds. ...

The two issues were "the taxability issue"--whether the settlement sum was taxable employment income as "payments and other benefits which are received [by the relevant person] directly or indirectly in consideration or in consequence of, or otherwise in connection with- (a) the termination of a person's employment"; and, if so, "the exemption issue"--whether the settlement sum (or any part of it) was taken out of the above charge to tax by a statutory exemption (“s. 406”) for a payment provided "on account of injury to … an employee", the alleged injury being the injury to the taxpayer's feelings sustained in the context of his age discrimination claim. ...

. … [T]he words of the core definition [of partnership in the Partnership Act 1890] are wide enough to render the recipient of payments in a fixed sum a partner provided that there is a business, that it is carried on with a view to profit and, crucially for present purposes, that he is carrying it on in common with another or others. ...

.”), and (at para. 25): [T]he right to deduct, once it has arisen, is retained even if the intended economic activity was not carried out and, therefore, did not give rise to taxed transactions …. ...

. … PCI justifiably submitted that the position adopted by the ARQ, that the SADI Agreement was a forgivable loan given that the required repayments were a function of the growth in future revenues (so that the obligation to repay depended on the occurrence of an uncertain and future event), was a position which was relied upon in the dissent and rejected by the majority in McLarty. ...

. … The analogy with the Kellogg and Evans cases is not perfect, because the former involved a business and the latter involved income from a trust, but it is sufficient to convince us that an expense is not capital in nature simply because the expense is not recurring or extraordinary. ...

It did so 505 times in the relevant period…” (para. 55) “I accept, of course, that the enduring nature of an outgoing is a very relevant matter … but I do not think that the five year term obtained under the contracts here was of such a nature. ...

The relevant dicta are mainly collected in a summary by Lord Walker in DCC Holdings (UK) Ltd v Revenue and Customs Comrs [2011] 1 WLR 44, paras 37-39 …: (1) The extent of the fiction created by a deeming provision is primarily a matter of construction of the statute in which it appears. (2) For that purpose the court should ascertain, if it can, the purposes for which and the persons between whom the statutory fiction is to be resorted to, and then apply the deeming provision that far, but not where it would produce effects clearly outside those purposes. (3) But those purposes may be difficult to ascertain, and Parliament may not find it easy to prescribe with precision the intended limits of the artificial assumption which the deeming provision requires to be made. (4) A deeming provision should not be applied so far as to produce unjust, absurd or anomalous results, unless the court is compelled to do so by clear language. (5) But the court should not shrink from applying the fiction created by the deeming provision to the consequences which would inevitably flow from the fiction being real. ...

. … Splitting the ownership of the building and the ownership of 9118, which continued to operate the [residence], had only one goal, to minimize the taxes payable. ...

At the time the plaintiff filed his return in April 1999 for his 1998 taxation year, he did not retain a taxable benefit resulting from his conduct for which he ultimately was found to be criminally responsible …. ...