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Revenue & Customs v Burlington Loan Management DAC, [2024] UKUT 152-- summary under Article 7(1) Summary Under Tax Topics- Treaties- Multilateral Instrument- Article 7- Article 7(1) accessing Irish-UK treaty dividend-withholding reduction was not abusive given that not a treaty-shopping or conduit transaction BLM was a substantial Irish-resident investment company, which had been acquiring proved claims in the administration of Lehman Brothers International (Europe) ("LBIE" – a UK resident) since 2011. ... HMRC denied BLM’s refund claim on the basis of Art. 12(5) of that Treaty, which excluded the application of Art. 12 “if it was the main purpose or one of the main purposes of any person concerned with the … assignment … to take advantage of … Article [12].” ... “It was appropriate for the FTT to have had regard to the fact that there were potential purchasers of the SAAD Claim for whom UK WHT would not have been an issue and for whom the UK-Ireland treaty would not have been relevant [e.g., UK purchasers with tax losses] … who were prepared to pay a price higher than 80% of the interest on the SAAD Claim for reasons wholly unconnected to the UK-Ireland treaty” (para. 78). ...

The Queen, 2010 TCC 467-- summary under Payment & Receipt Summary Under Tax Topics- General Concepts- Payment & Receipt set-off of debt constituted payment thereof The shareholder of a Canadian company (“Merchant 2000”) lent U.S. $650,000 to a wholly-owned U.S. subsidiary (“Merchant U.S.”) of Merchant 2000, and subsequently transferred that receivable to Merchant 2000 in exchange for a receivable from Merchant 2000 of $650,000. ... (See for example: Armstrong … 88 D.T.C. 1015 ….) ...

The Court stated (at paras 53, 60- 61): …[T]he case-law stemming from the judgment in Halifax does not require it to be established that the accrual of a tax advantage is the only objective of the transactions at issue. … In order to determine the substance and real significance of the leases at issue in the main proceedings, the referring court may, in particular, take account of the purely artificial nature of those transactions and the links of a legal, economic and/or personal nature between the operators at issue …. Such aspects are capable of demonstrating that the accrual of a tax advantage constitutes the essential aim pursued, notwithstanding the possible existence, in addition, of economic objectives …. …[T]he leases … had no commercial reality and were entered into … with the aim of reducing the VAT liability on the sales of immovable property … which they envisaged carrying out subsequently. ...

Canada (Attorney General), 2016 ONSC 2737-- summary under Rectification & Rescission Summary Under Tax Topics- General Concepts- Rectification & Rescission date of capital dividend declaration rectified to eliminate Part III tax The corporate applicant intended to distribute the applicable portion of a “capital gain” (likely, goodwill proceeds) from a business sale as a capital dividend. ... Before amending the directors’ resolution nunc pro tunc to change its date to November 1, 2012, Dunphy J stated (at paras. 7, 9): This case is quite unlike… Birch Hill … decided by me…[where] [t]he rectification sought would have materially re-ordered the transaction in ways that nobody had considered at the relevant time. There was a specific intention to allocate specific proceeds of a specific transaction to a specific tax account – the capital dividend account – to achieve a specific tax goal. ...

Ernst & Young LLP, 2015 BCCA 445-- summary under Agency Summary Under Tax Topics- General Concepts- Agency presumption that law firm agreement binds client The appellant’s B.C. law firm retained Ernst & Young to provide her with U.S. tax advice in connection with negotiating a separation agreement with her husband. ... In finding that the appellant was bound by the engagement agreement, Newbury JA applied (at para. 38) the principle in Shaw, Salter & Plommer v. Phipps & Cosgrove (1926) 37 B.C.R. 184 “that as a general rule, solicitors will be taken to be contracting on behalf of their clients in the course of their practice.” ...

Brogan Family Trust, 2014 ONSC 6354-- summary under Rectification & Rescission Summary Under Tax Topics- General Concepts- Rectification & Rescission no obligation to notify Crown if tax liability which was relieved has not been assessed The respondent family trust obtained a rectification order, to permit trust distributions to minor grandchildren beneficiaries, on 26 November 2010, which was shortly after a sale of a business by the trust. ... In dismissing this motion, Ray J stated (at para. 13): I am not persuaded that… CCRA [sic] was affected by the order of McLean, J. … [After citing Canada v. ... Richter & Associates, [2000] OJ No. 2073 (Ont SC) aff'd [2001] OJ No. 1087 (Ont CA)]. ...

The King, 2023 TCC 127-- summary under Scientific Research & Experimental Development Summary Under Tax Topics- Income Tax Act- Section 248- Subsection 248(1)- Scientific Research & Experimental Development challenging engineering involving standard procedures was not SR&ED The taxpayer (ML), carried on a business of the custom designing and making of injection molding including for the automotive industry. ... [His] …answers did not reveal or identify technological uncertainties being addressed in a scientific manner. … ML’s favoured approach … was to basically try various options, anticipating that one likely would work. For me that is indicative of routine engineering or standard procedures. … ...

Oroville Reman & Reload Inc. v. Canada, 2016 TCC 75-- summary under Territorial Limits Summary Under Tax Topics- Statutory Interpretation- Territorial Limits an assessment of a U.S. softwood importer who did not carry on business in Canada was an unauthorized extraterritorial exercise of enforcement jurisdiction The taxpayer was a U.S. subsidiary of a Canadian lumber producer. ... Although a few – including Oroville – were U.S. companies, the vast majority of the importers of record who paid the duties were Canadian lumber producers. ... This can only be so if the application of the SLPECA to the Appellant is justified on the ground of territoriality. … Translated to the case at bar, the question is whether there is a "real and substantial link" between Canada and the activities giving rise Canada's claim for tax. ...

Deloitte & Touche, 128 OR (3d) 225, 2016 ONCA 11, rev'd in part 2017 SCC 63-- summary under Negligence, Fiduciary Duty and Fault Summary Under Tax Topics- General Concepts- Negligence, Fiduciary Duty and Fault auditors liable for failure to detect the company’s own fraud effected through its senior management A negligent audit by an auditing firm (“Deloitte”) of a Canadian public corporation (“Livent”), in which Deloitte failed to discover that senior management was fraudulently misstating the financial statements, was found by the trial judge to have resulted in damages to Livent, so that Deloittte was liable to the receiver-manager for Livent. ... In rejecting this submission, Blair JA noted (at para. 113) that the rationale for such an illegality (or “ ex turpi causa ”) defence “was to avoid “damage to the integrity of the legal system,” whereas this concern did not arise here as “the actual fraudsters will not profit from their wrongdoing and have not evaded criminal sanction…[n]or will Livent profit from the wrongdoing” (para. 156). ...

The Queen, 2019 TCC 65 (Informal Procedure)-- summary under Scientific Research & Experimental Development Summary Under Tax Topics- Income Tax Act- Section 248- Subsection 248(1)- Scientific Research & Experimental Development development of custom software qualified as SR&ED The taxpayer, which was an engineering firm specializing in developing public transit related technology, engaged in a project to develop its web‑based system using algorithms and GPS data to provide accurate real‑time data for predicting the arrival time of public transit buses. In finding that the taxpayer satisfied the five-factor test in Northwest Hydraulic Smith J stated (at paras 19, 21, 22, 25, 27, 28): [T]he objectives which the Appellants sought to achieve were sufficiently uncertain during the subject years. … [T]he Appellant’s Project was much more than “quality control or routine testing (…)” excluded by paragraph (f) of the Act, and … there was a “technological risk or uncertainty”. ... I … find that Appellant applied the scientific method and that its activities were structured to remove a technological uncertainty through the formulation and testing of its hypothesis. … [P]aragraph (d) of the definition of SRED includes “work undertaken for the purpose of achieving technological advancement for the purpose of creating new, or improving existing, materials, devices, products or processes, including incremental improvements thereto”. ...