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Revenue Commissioners v Susquehanna International Group Ltd & ors, [2025] IECA 123-- summary under Article 4 Summary Under Tax Topics- Treaties- Income Tax Conventions- Article 4 a US LLC was not a resident of the US for purposes of the US-Ireland treaty The taxpayers were Irish resident companies, which were part of a group whose ultimate parent was a single member LLC (“SIH LLC”), which was fiscally transparent for U.S. tax purposes. ... " Allen JA stated (at para. 42) that, as “the purpose of the treaty is to avoid double taxation … it stands to reason that it should only apply to persons who otherwise would be exposed to a liability to pay tax. ...

Galea v The Assessment Review Committee & Anor (Mauritius), [2025] UKPC 17-- summary under Business Summary Under Tax Topics- Income Tax Act- Section 248- Subsection 248(1)- Business deer-hunting activity was a business based on the taxpayer's subjective intention of generating a profit Whether the taxpayer could deduct his 92% share of the losses incurred by a Mauritius partnership (of which he was the dominant partner) from his other sources of income turned on whether the partnership was carrying on a “business,” whose definition in the Mauritian Income Tax Act 1995 relevantly referred to "any trade … or undertaking, or any other income earning activity, carried on with a view to profit. ...

Galea v The Assessment Review Committee & Anor (Mauritius), [2025] UKPC 17-- summary under Business Source/Reasonable Expectation of Profit Summary Under Tax Topics- Income Tax Act- Section 3- Paragraph 3(a)- Business Source/Reasonable Expectation of Profit whether an activity qualifies as “carried on with a view to profit" turns on the taxpayer’s subjective intention Whether the taxpayer could deduct his 92% share of the losses incurred by a Mauritius partnership (of which he was the dominant partner) from his other sources of income turned on whether the partnership was carrying on a “business,” whose definition in the Mauritian Income Tax Act 1995 relevantly referred to "any trade, profession, vocation or occupation, manufacture or undertaking, or any other income earning activity, carried on with a view to profit. ...

Canada (Attorney General), 2025 ONCA 65-- summary under Rectification & Rescission Summary Under Tax Topics- General Concepts- Rectification & Rescission capital dividends were agreed to be paid in amounts that overlooked a CDA deficit: no rectification A plan was implemented for successive capital dividends to be paid up a chain of corporations so that the individual who was the ultimate shareholder could have a tax-free receipt of $1.4 million. ... …The corporate resolutions that were signed … accurately reflect the agreement. ...

PepsiCo, Inc v Commissioner of Taxation, [2024] FCAFC 86, aff'd [2025] HCA 30-- summary under Payment & Receipt Summary Under Tax Topics- General Concepts- Payment & Receipt there can be no payment by direction unless there is an antecedent obligation by the creditor to the third party A U.S. company (PepsiCo) entered into an “exclusive bottling appointment” (“EBA”) with an independent Australian bottling company (the “Bottler”) pursuant to which an Australian subsidiary of PepsiCo (the “Seller”) sold concentrate to the Bottler and PepsiCo granted the Bottler the right to use the Pepsi and Mountain Dew trademarks in connection with its sales of the soft drinks. Before finding that the payments made by the Bottler to the Seller were not derived by PepsiCo, so that the latter could not be subject to the Australian withholding tax on trademark royalties paid to a non-resident, Perram and Jackman JJ stated (at para. 40): It is well established that a direction by a creditor to a debtor to pay a third party constitutes a payment to the creditor. … Nevertheless, it is also recognised that there can be no payment by direction unless there is an antecedent monetary obligation owed by the Bottler to PepsiCo/SVC…. ...

Canada, 2023 QCCS 3510, rev'd 2025 QCCA 134-- summary under Rectification & Rescission Summary Under Tax Topics- General Concepts- Rectification & Rescission transaction documents rectified because they did not implement the parties' intention to not trigger Part IV tax Four individuals held their indirect holdings of 10%, 10%, 5% and 5% of the common shares of a Canadian-controlled private corporation (Structures) through three holding companies (the "Holdcos"). ...

Structures GB Ltée, 2025 QCCA 134-- summary under Rectification & Rescission Summary Under Tax Topics- General Concepts- Rectification & Rescission corporate reorganization documents could not be rectified to correct for an unforeseen Pt. ... (Canada), so that the rectification order was reversed, the Court stated (at paras. 25, 29-30, 36, TaxInterpretations translation): If the agreement is consistent with what the parties agreed to but simply produces unforeseen tax consequences, due to an error by the tax planners in the design of the tax planning, rectification cannot be granted. … The parties had not planned any specific entitlement [“prestation”] aimed at ensuring that Structures and the holding companies were connected throughout the 31 stages of the corporate reorganization of Structures. … … Mr. Côté, the tax specialist who conceptualized the reorganization, … affirmed that maintaining connectedness was not the object of the transaction, which was to crystallize as much CGD as possible.... ...

Bosa v Canada, 2025 BCSC 1284-- summary under Rectification & Rescission Summary Under Tax Topics- General Concepts- Rectification & Rescission BCSC lacked the jurisdiction to consider a request to rectify a clause in a family trust indenture whose interpretation was at issue in an impending TCC appeal The petitioners were the beneficiaries of a family trust, who sought to rectify the terms of the Trust Indenture to clarify that the assets of the trust had vested indefeasibly in them on the date defined in the Trust Indenture as the "Distribution Date," which occurred approximately 10 months before the 21st anniversary of the formation of the trust. ... Canada … 2013 ABQB 489, at para. 61. … The interpretation of the Trust Indenture which they [the petitioners] urge me to adopt is based on the same arguments that the Reassessment officer considered and rejected. Those arguments are the subject of the appeal to the Tax Court …. In further finding that, even if she had jurisdiction, rectification would not be appropriately granted, she stated (at para. 58) that “[i]t is well established that equitable relief is not available to avoid unanticipated adverse tax consequences which arise from the ordinary operation of the Income Tax Act … Collins Family Trust ….. ...

Haworth & Ors v Commissioners for His Majesty's Revenue and Customs, [2025] EWCA Civ 822-- summary under Article 4 Summary Under Tax Topics- Treaties- Income Tax Conventions- Article 4 the place of effective management of trusts for treaty tie-breaker purposes was in the UK even though their CMC might be in Mauritius The UK-resident taxpayers sought to avoid capital gains tax respecting the disposal of shares by family trusts of which they were the settlors by relying on a "Round the World" tax plan. ... If the trustees were appointed because it was appreciated that fulfilment of their responsibilities would cause them to take the decisions, the POEM of the trust might not be in the jurisdiction from which the trustees come. … … [Here] the role of the trustees in Mauritius was effectively pre-determined. … [T]he settlors, albeit with the advice and assistance of advisers, decided to adopt "an overall single plan" and, to that end, exercised their powers to appoint the Mauritius Trustees for a limited period "in the confident expectation that they would implement the plan". ...

Royal Bank of Canada v Commissioners for His Majesty's Revenue and Customs, [2025] UKSC 2-- summary under Separate Existence Summary Under Tax Topics- General Concepts- Separate Existence tax code rests on separate existence of each corporation In connection with finding that a right to work an oil field of a UK subsidiary of a Canadian corporation was not a right of the Canadian corporation to work the field, Lady Rose stated (at para. 88): The idea that an "artificial creation of the legislature", namely a company, has a separate legal personality from its shareholders has been protected and reaffirmed from Salomon v A Salomon & Co Ltd [1897] AC 22 onwards. ...