Translation disclaimer
This translation was prepared by Tax Interpretations Inc. The CRA did not issue this document in the language in which it now appears, and is not responsible for any errors in its translation that might impact a reader’s understanding of it or the position(s) taken therein. See also the general Disclaimer below.
Principal Issues: Whether a dividend-in-kind (“Dividend”) paid and received by a wholly-owned subsidiary (“Subsidiary”) to its parent corporation (“Parent”) in contemplation of Parent's disposition of all the shares that it holds in the capital stock of Subsidiary (“Sale”) to an arm's length purchaser (“Purchaser”) may be subject to subsection 55(2) because it satisfies one of the purpose tests found in paragraph 55(2.1)(b) (“Purposes Tests”)?
Position: Yes.
FEDERAL TAX ROUNDTABLE, NOVEMBER 2, 2023
APFF CONFERENCE 2023
2. Application of subsection 55(2.1) I.T.A.
A corporation resident in Canada ("Parent") owning 100% of the shares of the capital stock of a subsidiary ("Target") receives an offer to purchase all of the shares of the capital stock of Target from an unrelated third party ("Purchaser").
Purchaser is not, however, interested in acquiring all of Target's assets.
The terms of the offer to purchase specify the assets that Purchaser wishes to acquire and the assets that Purchaser does not wish to acquire (the "Excluded Assets") to which a value of nil is attributed in the offer to purchase.
The price offered by Purchaser for all the shares of the capital stock of Target is equal to $3 million. The adjusted cost base ("ACB") of the shares of the capital stock of Target held by Parent is $3 million. The safe income attributable to the shares in the capital stock of Target held by Parent is nil (the "Safe Income"). One of the Excluded Assets has a value of $250,000 (the "Excluded Asset").
Immediately prior to the sale by Parent of all of the shares of the capital stock of Target to Purchaser (the "Sale"), Target pays a $250,000 dividend in kind to Parent (the "Dividend") by transferring the Excluded Asset to Parent.
At issue is whether the payment of the Dividend, which is not covered by Safe Income (the "Unprotected Dividend"), would be subject to the rules in subsection 55(2).
Subparagraphs 55(2.1)(b)(i) and 55(2.1)(b)(ii) provide that subsection 55(2) applies if one of the purposes or the result (as the case may be) of the payment of the dividend was to reduce the capital gain that, but for the dividend, would otherwise have been realized or if the dividend had the effect of significantly reducing the fair market value ("FMV") of any share.
In this case, whether or not the dividend was paid, the "value" of the shares would have been $3 million and the capital gain would have been nil. So, technically, the conditions for the application of section 55 I.T.A. would not have been satisfied.
Questions to the CRA
(a) Does the CRA agree with this position that subsection 55(2) would not apply in the example described above?
(b) Assuming that the only way to justify the fact that the dividend could have reduced the value of the shares (or the capital gain) would be to claim that another purchaser could have been interested in the asset, and that the value of the shares before the dividend would therefore be $3,250,000, are we to understand that subsection 55(2.1) applies to a "hypothetical" situation and not to the actual situation with a "real" purchaser? More specifically, since in the preamble to that subsection, Parliament uses the words "as part of" a transaction or event or a series of transactions or events, we understand that the Income Tax Act must be read in terms of the specific transaction (which in this case is the Sale) and not in terms of a hypothetical situation. Does the CRA agree with this conclusion?
CRA Response
We have assumed that Parent is resident in Canada. We have also assumed that the Dividend qualifies as a taxable dividend and that Parent is entitled to deduct the amount of the Dividend in computing its taxable income pursuant to subsection 112(1). Finally, we have assumed that the amount of the Dividend is not subject to Part IV tax. Considering that the amount of the Dividend exceeds the Safe Income, subsection 55(2) will apply to the amount of the Dividend if one of the purpose tests provided for in subparagraphs 55(2.1)(b)(i) and 55(2.1)(b)(ii) (the "Purpose Tests") is satisfied.
In such a context, Parent will have the burden of establishing, on the basis of a full review of all the facts, that none of the objects of the payment or receipt of the Dividend was to significantly:
- decrease the portion of the capital gain that, but for the Dividend, would have been realized on a disposition of a share of the capital stock of Target at FMV immediately before the Dividend;
- decrease the FMV of any share (including a share of the capital stock of Target), or
- to increase the cost of property held by Parent based on comparing the total cost amount of the property held by Parent immediately before and immediately after the Dividend.
For purposes of applying subparagraph 55(2.1)(b)(i) and clause 55(2.1)(b)(ii)(A) to the facts of this issue, the motivations behind the payment or receipt of the Dividend will need to be considered if the payment of the Dividend results in a significant decrease in the FMV of a share of the capital stock of Target.
Applicable approach
As established in Ludco Enterprises Ltd. v. Canada, (footnote 1) and Symes v. The Queen, (footnote 2) the purpose of a dividend is to be determined objectively on the basis of objective and subjective manifestations of the purpose behind the payment or receipt of the Dividend.
Although the payment of a dividend generally results in a decrease in the FMV of a share, we are of the view that such a result is not, in and of itself, determinative for the purposes of applying the Purpose Tests. Rather, it is necessary to consider the collective motivations behind the payment or receipt of the Dividend.
Considering that the FMV of shares in the capital stock of Target would be reduced as a result of the payment of the Dividend, it is necessary to determine whether one of the purposes for which the Dividend was paid was to significantly decrease the FMV of a share in the capital stock of Target, in light of, among other things, the answers that would be given to the following questions:
- What does Parent intend to accomplish by decreasing the value of shares in the capital stock of Target?
- How does the reduction in the value of the shares of the capital stock of Target benefit Parent?
- What actions has Parent taken in connection with the reduction in value of the shares of the capital stock of Target?
In addition, the CRA generally considers that the Purpose Tests could apply to a dividend paid by an operating company to its corporate shareholder in order to dispose of surplus assets for the purpose of the purification and subsequent sale of the shares of its capital stock (footnote 3).
In the current situation, we are of the view that the payment of the Dividend and the Sale are part of the same series of transactions and events. In light of the parameters established by the CRA and the applicable approach for purposes of applying the Purpose Tests, it seems difficult to argue that none of the purposes of the payment or receipt of the Dividend is to significantly decrease the FMV of the shares of the capital stock of Target.
Consequently, subsection 55(2) should likely apply to recharacterize the amount of the Dividend received by Parent.
FOOTNOTES
Note to reader: Because of our system requirements, the footnotes contained in the original document are shown below instead:
1 2001 SCC 62.
2 [1993] 4 S.C.R. 695.
3 CANADA REVENUE AGENCY, Technical Interpretation 2017-0724021C6, November 21, 2017.
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