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Principal Issues: [TaxInterpretations translation] In the case of common-law partners who have a child of their union, who have lived apart for a period of more than six months and who subsequently decide to resume cohabiting, on what date will they again be considered "common-law partners" under the definition of that term in subsection 248(1) of the Income Tax Act? In the case of income from a rental property that is transferred to one of the common-law partners under a separation agreement, to whom will the income from the property be attributed after the reconciliation of the spouses? If the property is sold after the reconciliation of the couple, to whom will the capital gain be attributed?
Position: (1) Upon resumption of their life together.
(2) The income from the rental property attributable to the period after the reconciliation will be attributed to the transferor.
(3) The capital gain arising from the disposal of the rental property subsequent to the reconciliation will be attributed to the transferor.
Reasons: Interpretation of the Income Tax Act.
XXXXXXXXXX 2005-013135
François Bordeleau
July 13, 2005
Subject: Request for a technical interpretation: Attribution rules where a failed common-law union
This is further to your letter dated 13 May 2005 in which you asked for our opinion on the attribution rules in particular circumstances. We apologize for the delay in responding to your question.
Your letter sets out a hypothetical situation from which three questions arise. The facts of the situation are as follows:
- Monsieur met Madame on June 15, 2003 and the couple moved into Monsieur's apartment (a rental property) on July 1, 2003.
- A child was born of their union, nine months after they began living together;
- Following an irreconcilable conflict, Monsieur left Madame on April 15, 2004;
- In an agreement to end their life together, Monsieur transferred his rental property to Madame without consideration;
- Monsieur and Madame resumed their life together on November 1, 2004.
Questions
In light of the situation, you wish to know on what date Monsieur and Madame will once again be considered "common-law partners" pursuant to the Income Tax Act (the “Act") following the resumption of their life together. In addition, you wish to know to whom the income from the property will be attributed following the resumption of their life together. Finally, in the event that Madame sells the rental property after the resumption of life together with Monsieur, you wish to know who will be attributed the capital gain or loss.
Analysis
First Question
We agree with the answer you gave, namely that Monsieur and Madame will once again be considered common-law partners as of the resumption of their life together, i.e., on November 1, 2004.
Indeed, under the definition of "common-law partner" in subsection 248(1), once a taxpayer is the parent of a child and the taxpayer is cohabiting in a conjugal relationship with a person, the taxpayer and the person are considered to be common-law partners.
The definition of "common-law partner" includes a presumption that two persons who are cohabiting in a conjugal relationship are deemed to be so living at all subsequent times. However, that presumption does not apply if, at any later time, the taxpayer and the person were not cohabiting for a period of at least 90 days because of a breakdown of their conjugal relationship. Thus, since on November 1, 2004, Monsieur and Madame were cohabiting in a conjugal relationship and had a child from their union, they will be considered to be common-law partners from that date.
The last sentence of your answer contains the following phrase: [TaxInterpretations translation]
[...] the taxpayers are again considered as common-law partners from the first day without being subject to a new 12-month cohabitation period.
We clarify that because Monsieur and Madame had a child together, they will never be subject to the 12-month cohabitation period since it applies only to common-law partners without children.
Second question
Subsection 74.1(1) provides that, on a transfer or loan of property from a taxpayer to the individual’s spouse or common-law partner, any income from the property will be attributed to the taxpayer and not to such spouse or common-law partner. That subsection, together with subsection 74.2(1), provides that the attribution rules apply to transfers between spouses or common-law partners or between persons who will become spouses or common-law partners.
There are a few exceptions to the rule that income from property transferred to a spouse is attributed to the transferor. One of those exceptions - found in paragraph 74.5(3)(a) - is where the taxpayer and spouse or common-law partner are living separate and apart. That paragraph provides that any income from the property transferred or lent to the spouse or common-law partner that is attributable to the period throughout which the taxpayer was living separate and apart from the spouse or common-law partner will not be attributed to the taxpayer but rather to the spouse or common-law partner. In other words, the attribution rules will not apply where the common-law partners are separated due to a breakdown of their relationship (in this case, the common-law partnership).
Under subsection 248(1), a common-law partnership means the relationship between two persons who are common-law partners of each other. Thus, it appears that the effect of that definition in conjunction with the definition of common-law partner is such that a common-law partnership breaks down if two common-law partners have ceased to live together in a conjugal relationship for a period of at least 90 days.
In the fictitious situation you have described to us, Monsieur and Madame ceased to be common-law partners on April 15, 2004. On April 14, 2004, Monsieur and Madame were still cohabiting in a conjugal relationship. However, they ceased to cohabit on April 15, 2004 ("that time" in the definition of "common-law partner"), ending their common-law relationship on that date. Thus, between April 15, 2004 and November 1, 2004, Monsieur and Madame were not in a common-law partnership.
The effect of paragraph 74.5(3)(a) is to suspend the application of the attribution rules where two persons are separated because of a breakdown of their relationship. Thus, in the absence of this provision, the income from the rental property attributable to the period between April 15, 2004 and November 1, 2004 would have been attributed to Monsieur. The effect of this provision is that the income from the building for the period is included in Madame’s income for the year.
Subsection 74.1(1) confirms this interpretation:
[…] any income or loss, as the case may be, of that person for a taxation year from the property or from property substituted therefor, that relates to the period in the year throughout which the individual is resident in Canada and that person is the individual’s spouse or common-law partner […]
In your response, you wrote:
If there was a resumption of cohabitation within the 90-day period, the attribution rule would not apply to the entire period during which the common-law partners ceased to cohabit because of a breakdown in the common-law relationship, by virtue of paragraph 74.5(3)(a).
We disagree with what you stated. Indeed, if there had been a resumption of their common life within the 90-day period, there would never have been a break down in the common-law partnership and the attribution rules would still have applied during the period in question (from April 15, to November 1, 2004).
To answer your question specifically, the income from the rental property attributable to the period after November 1, 2004 will therefore be attributed to Monsieur.
Question 3
Section 74.2 deals with the attribution of a capital gain arising on the disposition of property that is lent or transferred to an individual’s spouse or common-law partner or to a person who subsequently becomes one.
An exception to this rule is found in paragraph 74.5(3)(b), which provides that the capital gains attribution rules will not apply to a disposition of property that occurs while the individual and the individual's spouse or common-law partner are living separate and apart due to a breakdown in the relationship at the time of the disposition. It is necessary to clarify that the attribution rules will not apply provided that both individuals have made the election under that paragraph.
In the situation you have described, the property was disposed of after the resumption of the couple's life together, i.e., after November 1, 2004. Since the disposition of the property did not take place at a time when they were living separate and apart because of a breakdown in their common-law relationship, we are of the view that paragraph 74.5(3)(b) does not apply. Thus, the attribution rules will apply and the capital gain from the disposition of the rental property will be attributed to Monsieur.
Best regards,
Phil Jolie
Director
Business and Partnerships Division
Income Tax Rulings Directorate
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