Date: 20090611
Docket: IMM-4655-08
Citation: 2009 FC 602
Ottawa, Ontario, June 11, 2009
PRESENT: The Honourable Mr. Justice O'Keefe
BETWEEN:
DARSHAN
K. PATEL
Applicant
and
THE MINISTER OF CITIZENSHIP
& IMMIGRATION CANADA
Respondent
REASONS FOR JUDGMENT AND JUDGMENT
O’KEEFE J.
[1]
This
is an application pursuant to subsection 72(1) of the Immigration and
Refugee Protection Act, S.C. 2001, c. 27 (IRPA), for judicial review of the
decision of an immigration officer (the officer) at CPC-Vegreville, September
30, 2008, in which the officer denied the applicant’s application for a study
permit and restoration of his temporary resident status.
Background
[2]
Darshan
K. Patel (the
applicant) is a citizen of India who applied for a study permit and
restoration of his temporary resident status to pursue a fourth diploma in
information technology, this time from an accredited and statutorily recognized
institution. His application was refused on the basis that the officer was not
satisfied of the bona fides of the applicant as a genuine student and
doubted whether he would leave Canada at the end of his authorized stay.
[3]
The
applicant sought restoration of his temporary resident status and a new study
permit in order to pursue a diploma in the Computer Systems Technician –
Networking program at Centennial College in Toronto.
[4]
Mr.
Patel arrived in Canada in August 2003 on a student visa to pursue
studies in a biotechnology program and had authorization to remain in Canada until July
2007. In 2005 he applied for and received permission to change the conditions
of his study permit so that he could pursue computer studies. The new study
permit was valid from January 2005 to September 2006, and was subsequently
extended to be valid through May 2008.
[5]
In
his five years since coming to Canada, the applicant has been awarded three
post-secondary diplomas, each from Canadian Career College (C.C.C.): one in
Information Technology in 2005, a diploma in Networking and Internet Engineering
in 2006, and a diploma in Multimedia and Digital Design Program awarded in
February 2008.
[6]
In
April 2008 the applicant applied for a post-graduate work permit on the
strength of his certificate from the C.C.C. and arranged employment with
Unitech Electric Inc. This permit was refused because the C.C.C. was not a
recognized degree-conferring institution.
[7]
Following
this refusal, the applicant applied for a new study permit in June 2008, and
also a restoration of his temporary resident visa, which had by that time
expired. It is the refusal of this application which forms the basis for this
judicial review.
[8]
The
applicant lost his temporary resident status by staying in Canada after the expiry of his
authorized period of stay (subsection 185(a)). He applied for restoration of
his temporary resident status pursuant to section 182 of the Immigration and
Refugee Protection Regulations, SOR/2002-227 (the Regulations):
182. On application made by a visitor,
worker or student within 90 days after losing temporary resident status as a
result of failing to comply with a condition imposed under paragraph 185(a),
any of subparagraphs 185(b)(i) to (iii) or paragraph 185(c), an officer shall
restore that status if, following an examination, it is established that the visitor,
worker or student meets the initial requirements for their stay and has not
failed to comply with any other conditions imposed.
[9]
Much of
Part 12 of the Regulations relating to students is relevant in the present
case. Of particular importance is section 212, which states that a foreign
national may not study in Canada unless authorized to do so by
a study permit or the Regulations. Also integral are subsections 215(1) and
216(1):
215. (1) A foreign national may apply for
a study permit after entering Canada if they
(a) hold a study permit;
(b) apply within the period beginning 90
days before the expiry of their authorization to engage in studies in Canada
under subsection 30(2) of the Act, or paragraph 188(1)(a) of these Regulations,
and ending 90 days after that expiry;
(c) hold a work permit;
(d) are subject to an unenforceable
removal order;
(e) hold a temporary resident permit
issued under subsection 24(1) of the Act that is valid for at least six months;
(f) applied for a study permit before
entering Canada and the application was approved in writing but the permit has
not been issued; or
(g) are in a situation described in
section 207.
[…]
216. (1) Subject to subsections (2) and
(3), an officer shall issue a study permit to a foreign national if, following
an examination, it is established that the foreign national
(a) applied for it in accordance with
this Part;
(b) will leave Canada by the end of the period authorized for
their stay under Division 2 of Part 9;
(c) meets the requirements of this Part;
and
(d) meets the requirements
of section 30;
Officer’s Decision
[10]
The
officer refused the application on the basis that he doubted the applicant’s bona
fides as a genuine student, and doubted that he would leave Canada. The CAIPS notes for the
reasons in this case are very brief, and as such, I set them out in their
entirety:
HPM Processed for consideration of
restoration of status and study permit. Applicant has a Bachelor of Science
from Gujarat University and a post grad diploma in
medical technology from home country.Granted a study permit in August 2003
valid to Jul 2007 to ESL and 3 YR biotech program at Candor College. In January 2005 switched to Canadian Career College; received subsequent study
permits for Canadian Carrer (sic) College to May 2008. Submits
photocopies of diplomas from Canadian
Career College listing completion of
diplomas in information technology (August 2005); diploma in networking and
internet engineering (2006) and multimedia and digital design program (2008).
The first two diplomas have the name Patel Darshan Kanubhai and the third
diploma has the name Patel Darshan. All are signed by unknown person (no title
listed). Refused as skilled worker by Buffalo Post in August 2007. Refusal notes
for SW1 application indicate applicant admitted to not being truthful in
original study permit application regarding employment to New Delhi visa post. Applicant is now
requesting to study one year computer systems technician – networking program
at Centennial College to 24 Apr 2009. Condition of
admission is successful completion of English 131. States has 8908.72 in funds.
Tuition payment of 7259 has been received for fall term according to Centennial College letter. Based on all information
reviewed and submitted, I am not satisfied that this applicant is a genuine
temporary resident and student. I am not satisfied that he would leave Canada at end of authorized stay. Progression
of studies in the same field seems redundant in light of previous studies
completed. Application for restoration of status and study permit refused.
Advised to leave Canada immediately.
[Emphasis added]
Part of the refusal appears to be based on
the refusal of a prior application in 2006 for status under the skilled worker
class. This application was refused in October 2007 due to lack of sufficient
work experience, and the refusal decision also questioned the bona fides of
the applicant’s offer of arranged employment. I note that the arranged
employment in 2006 was with the same company as was his 2008 offer.
Issues
[11]
The
applicant identifies the following issues:
1. What are the
principles governing applications for leave and what is the applicable standard
of review?
2. Was the officer’s
conclusion that the applicant’s study plan was redundant either speculative or
based on extrinsic information and, as such, did the officer breach the
principles of procedural fairness by not giving the applicant an opportunity to
address the officer’s concerns?
[12]
I would
rephrase the issues as follows:
1. What is the standard of review?
2. Did the officer err in refusing the
applicant’s application?
3. Did the officer breach procedural
fairness by making negative credibility findings without interviewing Mr.
Patel?
Applicant’s Written Submissions
[13]
The
applicant submits that the standard of review to be applied is reasonableness (see
Wang v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), [2001] F.C.J.
No. 1940; Lin v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration),
[2004] F.C.J. No. 106; Guo v. Canada (Minister of
Citizenship and Immigration), [2001] F.C.J. No. 1851). The officer’s
decision was not reasonable as defined in Dunsmuir v. New
Brunswick,
2008 SCC 9 as having “the existence of justification, transparency, and
intelligibility in the decision-making process”. Procedural fairness questions,
such as the one submitted by the applicant are not subject to any deference (see
Dunsmuir above).
[14]
The
applicant begins his analysis by putting side by side the officer’s wording in
the decision with a statutory analysis of the relevant sections of IRPA. The
applicant also quotes the CIC Policy Manual, OP12 (the Guidelines), which
provides officers with guidelines with respect to assessing the bona fides
of a student applicant. The pertinent portion of the guidelines is provided:
5.15.
Bona fides
Bona
fides of all students
must be assessed on an individual basis; refusals of non-bona fide students
may only withstand legal challenge when the refusal is based on the information
related to the specific case before the officer. Therefore, while cultural
context or historical migration patterns of a client group may be a
contributing factor to the decision-making process, they alone are not valid,
legally tenable grounds for refusal on bona fides. If officers wish to
take into account outside information, particularly where that information
leads to concerns/doubts about the applicant's bona fides, the
applicant must be made aware of the information taken into account and
given an opportunity to address those concerns. This interaction should be
fully documented in the Computer-Assisted Immigration Processing System
(CAIPS) / Field Operations Support System (FOSS) notes. The onus, as
always, remains on the applicant to establish that they are a bona
fide temporary resident who will leave Canada
following the completion of their studies pursuant to section
R216(1)(b). Section A22(2) (Dual intent) states that an intention by a
foreign national to become a permanent resident does not preclude them
from becoming a temporary resident if the officer is satisfied that they
will leave Canada by the end of the period authorized for their stay. In
assessing an application, an officer should consider:
•
the length of time that they will be spending in Canada;
•
the means of support;
•
obligations and ties in home country;
•
the likelihood of leaving Canada should an application for permanent
residence be refused;
•
compliance with requirements of the Act and Regulations.
[15]
The
applicant submits that the conclusions by the officer were unreasonable in
respect to the guidelines and IRPA. First, the applicant submits that there was
no basis to conclude that the applicant would not leave Canada at the end
of the authorized stay and the officer provided no reasons for this conclusion.
None of the above factors are outlined in the officer’s decision. The fact is, the
applicant satisfies the concerns that these factors above address: he has
complied with all of the conditions of his stay in Canada, including changing
his study permit when he transferred to a new school and reapplying for a
post-graduate study permit; he has done everything possible to ensure that he
did not remain in Canada beyond his authorized stay; he has always been in
compliance with IRPA and the corresponding Regulations; the evidence shows that
he has the means to support himself in Canada including paying tuition fees; and
he has stated familial ties in India.
[16]
Second,
the conclusion that the applicant’s reasons for applying to the Computer
Systems Technician program are suspect is wrong. There are legitimate and
compelling reasons as to why this program will benefit the applicant: he can
upgrade his skills at a reputable Canadian college and update his knowledge
from his 2005 to 2006 studies. He acknowledges that this program is similar to his
intended program of study but it is by a different institution with different
course content. The officer would have had to investigate and find that the
courses were the same and that there were no technological advances in this
area for his conclusion that the courses were redundant to be reasonable.
[17]
Third,
the Guidelines suggest that an officer interview an applicant when there are questions
or doubts surrounding the application:
7.11.
Need for an interview
In
certain circumstances, it may be necessary to interview the applicant.
Applicants should not be scheduled for interviews for the sole purpose of
obtaining straightforward information. Issues that may warrant the need for an
interview would include:
a)
questions or doubts concerning applicant’s reasons for wishing to come to
Canada, the arrangements made for their care and support, and their ability or
willingness to leave Canada; or
b)
circumstances when the officer needs more information or clarification before
finalizing an application.
This
is not an exhaustive list. Other exceptional circumstances may warrant an
interview.
[18]
The
applicant gleans from Muliadi v. Canada (Minister of
Citizenship and Immigration), {1986) 18 Admin. L.R. 243 (Fed. C.A.), the
proposition that procedural fairness requires that an applicant be informed of
any doubts or concerns a visa officer may have with respect to the credibility
of the applicant’s submitted evidence, and be afforded an opportunity to
disabuse the visa officer of his or her doubts and concerns. Specifically in Yue
v. Canada (Minister of
Citizenship and Immigration), [2002] F.C.J. No. 1299, Mr. Justice Kelen
stated:
While
the duty of fairness does not necessarily require an oral hearing, there is a
requirement that the visa officer provide the applicant with an opportunity to
address a major concern, in other words, respond.
[19]
The officer’s
implication that the applicant was not credible was not in accordance with the
Guidelines, IRPA and jurisprudence as outlined above. It is evident in the FOSS
notes that the officer’s opinion of the applicant was “coloured” by the
assessment made in his skilled worker application. The failure to allow the
applicant to respond “warrants the Court’s intervention”.
Respondent’s Written Submissions
[20]
The
respondent also begins by reviewing the relevant legislation and particularly
subsection 216(1) of IRPA which states that an applicant is required to establish
that they will leave Canada by the end of the
period of authorized stay.
[21]
The
standard of review is reasonableness. There is “a range of possible and
acceptable outcomes that are defensible in respect of the facts and the law” (see
Dunsmuir above) and this decision is within that range. “Considerable
deference must still be maintained by the reviewing court.”
[22]
The
respondent disagrees that the officer did not assess the application appropriately.
The officer had no duty to give the applicant an opportunity to respond because
the final decision was made notwithstanding the officer’s comment on
credibility and was negative as a result of having not been convinced that the
applicant would leave at the end of the period of his stay. The onus is on the
applicant to provide evidence to the officer proving that the requirements in
IRPA have been met (see Heer v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), 2001 F.C.T. 1357) and
this legal test was not met.
[23]
The
question of whether an applicant will leave at the end of their stay has been
held to be an important one by the Federal Court and as such, the applicant’s
long term objective in obtaining a study permit should be considered and
examined. In Boni v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), [2005] F.C.J. No. 43, Mr.
Justice Teitelbaum upheld a decision as reasonable when an applicant spent
three years in Canada “without making
significant progress in his studies”. Further, in Kim v. Canada (Minister
of Citizenship and Immigration), [2004] F.C.J. No. 42, Mr. Justice Mosley
found that the length of time an applicant takes in pursuing a program of study
is a relevant consideration in whether the applicant is a bona fide
student. Given these cases, it is not unreasonable that the officer concluded
that the new course of study was redundant and not in keeping with the
requirements and objectives of IRPA and the Regulations.
Applicant’s Reply
[24]
In
reply, the applicant submits that the duty to allow an applicant to respond to
concerns of the officer is not limited to credibility concerns. The applicant
submits that three guidelines were not followed and that directed towards an
interview being warranted (see Guidelines above). In any case, the applicant
disagrees that credibility was not an issue. The officer made mention of it
even though his negative credibility finding was extraneous to the present
study permit application.
[25]
It
is telling that the respondent chose not to speak to the issue of the refusal
on the grounds that the school from which the applicant graduated was not
recognized as a qualifying institution under the Regulations. It is “grossly
unfair” that now he is at a qualifying institution but he is refused
nonetheless.
[26]
The
case law submitted by the respondent is distinguishable. Boni above,
involved an applicant with a “dismal academic record”. That is not the case
here: the applicant excelled in his studies.
[27]
In Kim
above, the officer conducted an interview to assess the bona fides of
the applicant’s application and even spoke with a representative at the
college. This did not happen in this case. There were no inquiries to the
school, and there was no interview with the applicant. As such, the officer
made “an uninformed and unreasonable decision with respect to the bona fides”
of the application. Kim above, also involved an applicant taking a part
time course load with gaps in his study. In this case, the applicant has
received many diplomas in short order evidencing his determination in his
studies.
Analysis and Decision
[28]
Issue
1
What is the standard of review?
Both the applicant and the respondent
submit that the officer’s decision is reviewable on a standard of
reasonableness. I agree. A decision falling within a range of reasonable
outcomes is how reasonableness is described in Dunsmuir above.
[29]
The
second issue relates to procedural fairness which does not require a standard
of review analysis (see Morneau-Bérubé v. Nouveau Brunswick (Judicial Council), [2002] S.C.J. No. 9 at
paragraph 74).
[30]
Issue
2
Did the officer err in refusing Mr. Patel’s
application?
In my view, this application
should be allowed. There is no rational basis or sufficient explanation offered
by the officer for why he doubted the applicant’s bona fides as a
student, and the officer failed to address the applicant’s specific evidence on
this point. Furthermore, there was no sufficient explanation as to why the
officer doubted that the applicant would leave at the end of his authorized
stay.
[31]
The
officer offers a very thin explanation for the decision to refuse to extend the
applicant’s student visa, stating only that he is not satisfied the applicant
would leave Canada following
completion of his studies, and that Mr. Patel’s pursuit of an additional degree
“seems redundant” in light of previously completed studies.
[32]
This
redundancy conclusion is contrary to the very plausible explanation offered by
the applicant in his submissions before the officer, which stated the
following:
On April 11, 2008, our office submitted
an application for a post-graduate work permit on behalf of Mr. Patel. He had
been offered a position as a computer and network support technician by Unitech
Electric Inc. in Toronto. Unfortunately, this
application was refused on the grounds that the Canadian Career College from which Mr. Patel had recently
graduated was not a qualifying institution for the purposes of the C43
exemption. As the attached refusal letter states, this school was not a private
institution authorized by provincial statute to confer degrees.
We received the refusal letter on the
work permit application on May 21, 2008…. This was six days after the expiry of
Mr. Patel’s study permit. As such, we are still well within the 90 day period
for restoration, as set out in section 215(b) of the IRPR.
Upon receiving this refusal, Mr. Patel
decided that he would like to upgrade his studies in the field of computer
technology and networking. He immediately enrolled in the computer technician
and networking course at Centennial College. Consequently, we are
requesting that his temporary resident status be restored.
[33]
In
light of this explanation, it was unreasonable of the officer to conclude that
Mr. Patel’s further studies are redundant. They were, in fact, vital to Mr.
Patel’s ability to find work in Canada. Foreign students in Canada are eligible
for a work permit for post-graduation employment only if they have engaged in
full-time studies for at least eight months at an accredited school, including
a private institution authorized by provincial statute to confer degrees. Centennial College meets this
criterion, whereas C.C.C. does not. This basis alone is, in my view, sufficient
to allow the application since it is clear the decision was made without regard
to the evidence.
[34]
Furthermore,
there is no explanation as to why the officer concluded that the applicant
would not leave Canada at the end of his authorized study period. It
is not clear from the reasons why the officer came to this conclusion. There is
also no rational basis or sufficient explanation offered by the officer for why
he doubted the applicant’s bona fides as a student, and the officer
failed to address the applicant’s specific evidence on this point.
[35]
For
these reasons, I would allow the judicial review and remit the matter back to a
different officer for redetermination.
[36]
Because
of my findings on this issue, I need not deal with the remaining issue.
[37]
Neither
party wished to submit a proposed serious question of general importance for my
consideration for certification.
JUDGMENT
[38]
IT
IS ORDERED that the application for judicial review is allowed and the
matter is remitted back to a different officer for redetermination.
“John
A. O’Keefe”
ANNEX
Relevant Statutory Provisions
The Immigration and Refugee Protection
Regulations, SOR/2002-227:
|
210. The student class is prescribed as a
class of persons who may become temporary residents.
211. A foreign national is a student and a member of the
student class if the foreign national has been authorized to enter and remain
in Canada as a student.
212. A foreign national may not study in Canada unless authorized to do so by a study permit or these
Regulations.
213. Subject to sections 214 and 215, in
order to study in Canada, a foreign national shall apply for a study permit
before entering Canada.
214. A foreign national may apply for a
study permit when entering Canada if they are
(a) a national
or a permanent resident of the United
States;
(b) a person
who has been lawfully admitted to the United
States for permanent
residence;
(c) a resident
of Greenland;
(d) a resident
of St. Pierre and Miquelon; or
(e) a foreign
national who applied for a study permit before entering Canada, if the application was approved in writing but the
permit has not been issued.
215.(1)
A foreign national may apply for a study permit after entering Canada if they
(a) hold a
study permit;
(b) apply
within the period beginning 90 days before the expiry of their authorization
to engage in studies in Canada under subsection 30(2) of the Act, or
paragraph 188(1)(a) of these Regulations, and ending 90 days after that
expiry;
(c) hold a
work permit;
(d) are
subject to an unenforceable removal order;
(e) hold a
temporary resident permit issued under subsection 24(1) of the Act that is
valid for at least six months;
(f) applied
for a study permit before entering Canada and the application was approved in
writing but the permit has not been issued; or
(g) are in a
situation described in section 207.
(2) A family
member of a foreign national may apply for a study permit after entering Canada if the foreign national resides in Canada and the foreign national
(a) holds a
study permit;
(b) holds a
work permit;
(c) holds a
temporary resident permit issued under subsection 24(1) of the Act that is
valid for at least six months;
(d) is subject
to an unenforceable removal order;
(e) is a
member of the armed forces of a country that is a designated state described
in paragraph 186(d);
(f) is an
officer of a foreign government described in paragraph 186(e);
(g) is a
participant in sports activities or events, as described in paragraph 186(h);
(h) is an
employee of a foreign news company as described in paragraph 186(i); or
(i) is a
person who is responsible for assisting a congregation or group, as described
in paragraph 186(l).
216.(1)
Subject to subsections (2) and (3), an officer shall issue a study permit to
a foreign national if, following an examination, it is established that the
foreign national
(a) applied
for it in accordance with this Part;
(b) will leave
Canada by the end of the period authorized
for their stay under Division 2 of Part 9;
(c) meets the
requirements of this Part; and
(d) meets the
requirements of section 30;
(e) [Repealed,
SOR/2004-167, s. 59]
(2) Paragraph
(1)(b) does not apply to persons described in section 206 and paragraphs
207(c) and (d).
(3) An officer
shall not issue a study permit to a foreign national who intends to study in
the Province of Quebec — other than under a federal assistance program for
developing countries — and does not hold a Certificat d'acceptation du
Québec, if the laws of that Province require that the foreign national hold a
Certificat d'acceptation du Québec.
217.(1) A foreign
national may apply for the renewal of their study permit if
(a) the
application is made before the expiry of their study permit;
(b) they have
complied with all conditions imposed on their entry into Canada; and
(c) they are
in good standing at the educational institution at which they have been
studying.
(2) An officer
shall renew the foreign national's study permit if, following an examination,
it is established that the foreign national continues to meet the
requirements of section 216.
218. A foreign national referred to in paragraph
215(1)(d) and their family members do not, by reason only of being issued a
study permit, become temporary residents.
219.(1)
Subject to subsection (2), a study permit shall not be issued to a foreign
national unless they have written documentation from the educational
institution at which they intend to study that states that they have been
accepted to study there.
(2) Subsection
(1) does not apply to
(a) a family
member of a foreign national whose application for a work permit or a study permit
is approved in writing before the foreign national enters Canada; or
(b) a foreign
national who is applying to renew their study permit and has received
notification in writing from the college or university at which they have
been studying of successful completion of the requirements for a degree or
diploma.
(3) An officer
who issues a study permit to a foreign national described in paragraph (2)(b)
shall not authorize a period of study that exceeds 90 days following the date
of the notification in writing.
220. An officer shall not issue a study
permit to a foreign national, other than one described in paragraph 215(1)(d)
or (e), unless they have sufficient and available financial resources, without
working in Canada, to
(a) pay the
tuition fees for the course or program of studies that they intend to pursue;
(b) maintain
themself and any family members who are accompanying them during their
proposed period of study; and
(c) pay the
costs of transporting themself and the family members referred to in
paragraph (b) to and from Canada.
221. Despite Division 2, a study permit
shall not be issued to a foreign national who has engaged in unauthorized
work or study in Canada or who has failed to comply with a
condition of a permit unless
(a) a period
of six months has elapsed since the cessation of the unauthorized work or
study or failure to comply with a condition;
(b) the work
or study was unauthorized by reason only that the foreign national did not
comply with conditions imposed under paragraph 185(a), any of subparagraphs
185(b)(i) to (iii) or paragraph 185(c); or
(c) the
foreign national was subsequently issued a temporary resident permit under
subsection 24(1) of the Act.
222.
A study permit becomes
invalid when it expires or when a removal order made against the permit
holder becomes enforceable.
223. There are three types of removal
orders, namely, departure orders, exclusion orders and deportation orders.
224.(1)
An enforced departure order is prescribed as a circumstance that relieves a
foreign national from having to obtain authorization under subsection 52(1)
of the Act in order to return to Canada.
(2) A foreign
national who is issued a departure order must meet the requirements set out
in paragraphs 240(1)(a) to (c) within 30 days after the order becomes
enforceable, failing which the departure order becomes a deportation order.
(3) If the
foreign national is detained within the 30-day period or the removal order
against them is stayed, the 30-day period is suspended until the foreign
national's release or the removal order becomes enforceable.
225.(1)
For the purposes of subsection 52(1) of the Act, and subject to subsections
(3) and (4), an exclusion order obliges the foreign national to obtain a
written authorization in order to return to Canada during the one-year period
after the exclusion order was enforced.
(2) For the
purposes of subsection 52(1) of the Act, the expiry of a one-year period
following the enforcement of an exclusion order, or a two-year period if
subsection (3) applies, is prescribed as a circumstance that does not oblige
the foreign national to obtain an authorization in order to return to Canada.
(3) A foreign
national who is issued an exclusion order as a result of the application of
paragraph 40(2)(a) of the Act must obtain a written authorization in order to
return to Canada within the two-year period after the exclusion order was
enforced.
(4) For the
purposes of subsection 52(1) of the Act, the making of an exclusion order
against a foreign national on the basis of inadmissibility under paragraph
42(b) of the Act is prescribed as a circumstance that relieves the foreign
national from having to obtain an authorization in order to return to Canada.
226.(1)
For the purposes of subsection 52(1) of the Act, and subject to subsection
(2), a deportation order obliges the foreign national to obtain a written
authorization in order to return to Canada at any time after the deportation
order was enforced.
(2) For the
purposes of subsection 52(1) of the Act, the making of a deportation order
against a foreign national on the basis of inadmissibility under paragraph
42(b) of the Act is prescribed as a circumstance that relieves the foreign
national from having to obtain an authorization in order to return to Canada.
(3) For the
purposes of subsection 52(1) of the Act, a removal order referred to in
paragraph 81(b) of the Act obliges the foreign national to obtain a written
authorization in order to return to Canada at any time after the removal order
was enforced.
227.(1) For the purposes of section 42 of
the Act, a report prepared under subsection 44(1) of the Act against a
foreign national is also a report against the foreign national's family
members in Canada.
(2) A removal
order made by the Immigration Division against a foreign national is also a
removal order against their family members in Canada
to whom subsection (1) applies if
(a) an officer
informed the family member of the report, that they are the subject of an
admissibility hearing and of their right to make submissions and be
represented, at their own expense, at the admissibility hearing; and
(b) the family
member is subject to a decision of the Immigration Division that they are
inadmissible under section 42 of the Act on grounds of the inadmissibility of
the foreign national.
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210.
La catégorie des étudiants est une catégorie réglementaire de personnes qui
peuvent devenir résidents temporaires.
211.
Est un étudiant et appartient à la catégorie des étudiants l’étranger
autorisé à entrer au Canada et à y séjourner à ce titre.
212.
L’étranger ne peut étudier au Canada sans y être autorisé par un permis
d’études ou par le présent règlement.
213.
Sous réserve des articles 214 et 215, l’étranger qui cherche à étudier au
Canada doit, préalablement à son entrée au Canada, faire une demande de
permis d’études.
214.
L’étranger peut faire une demande de permis d’études au moment de son entrée
au Canada dans les cas suivants :
a) il est un
national ou résident permanent des États-Unis;
b) il a été
légalement admis aux États-Unis à titre de résident permanent;
c) il est
résident du Groenland;
d)
il est résident de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon;
e)
sa demande de permis d’études a été approuvée par écrit par un agent à
l’extérieur du Canada, mais le permis ne lui a pas encore été délivré.
215.(1)
L’étranger peut faire une demande de permis d’études après son entrée au
Canada dans les cas suivants :
a) il est
titulaire d’un permis d’études;
b)
il a été autorisé à étudier au Canada en vertu du paragraphe 30(2) de la Loi
ou de l’alinéa 188(1)a) du présent règlement et la demande est faite dans la
période commençant quatre-vingt-dix jours avant la date d’expiration de
l’autorisation et se terminant quatre-vingt-dix jours après cette date;
c)
il est titulaire d’un permis de travail;
d) il fait
l’objet d’une mesure de renvoi qui ne peut être exécutée;
e) il est
titulaire, aux termes du paragraphe 24(1) de la Loi, d’un permis de séjour
temporaire qui est valide pour au moins six mois;
f)
sa demande de permis d’études a été approuvée par écrit à l’extérieur du
Canada, mais le permis ne lui a pas encore été délivré;
g)
il se trouve dans l’une des situations visées à l’article 207.
(2)
Le membre de la famille de l’étranger peut demander un permis d’études après
son entrée au Canada si l’étranger réside au Canada et, selon le cas :
a) est
titulaire d’un permis d’études;
b) est
titulaire d’un permis de travail;
c)
est titulaire, aux termes du paragraphe 24(1) de la Loi, d’un permis de
séjour temporaire qui est valide pour au moins six mois;
d)
fait l’objet d’une mesure de renvoi qui ne peut être exécutée;
e) est un
membre des forces armées d’un État désigné visé à l’alinéa 186d);
f)
agit comme représentant d’un gouvernement étranger aux termes de l’alinéa
186e);
g) participe à
des activités ou manifestations sportives visées à l’alinéa 186h);
h) est employé
d’une agence de presse étrangère aux termes de l’alinéa 186i);
i) est chargé
d’aider une communauté ou un groupe aux termes de l’alinéa 186l).
216.(1)
Sous réserve des paragraphes (2) et (3), l’agent délivre un permis d’études à
l’étranger si, à l’issue d’un contrôle, les éléments suivants sont
établis :
a) l’étranger
a demandé un permis d’études conformément à la présente partie;
b) il quittera
le Canada à la fin de la période de séjour qui
lui est applicable au titre de la section 2 de la partie 9;
c)
il remplit les exigences prévues à la présente partie;
d) il satisfait
aux exigences prévues à l’article 30.
e)
[Abrogé, DORS/2004-167, art. 59]
(2)
L’alinéa (1)b) ne s’applique pas aux personnes visées à l’article 206 et aux
alinéas 207c) et d).
(3)
Le permis d’études ne peut être délivré à l’étranger qui cherche à étudier
dans la province de Québec — autrement que dans le cadre d’un programme
fédéral d’aide aux pays en voie de développement — et qui ne détient pas le
certificat d’acceptation exigé par la législation de cette province.
217.(1)
L’étranger peut demander le renouvellement de son permis d’études s’il
satisfait aux exigences suivantes :
a)
il en fait la demande avant l’expiration de son permis d’études;
b) il s’est
conformé aux conditions qui lui ont été imposées à son entrée au Canada;
c) il est en
règle avec l’établissement d’enseignement où il a étudié.
(2)
L’agent renouvelle le permis d’études de l’étranger si, à l’issue d’un
contrôle, il est établi que l’étranger satisfait toujours aux exigences
prévues à l’article 216.
218. L’étranger visé au sous-alinéa 215(1)d) et les membres de sa famille qui
se voient délivrer un permis d’études ne deviennent pas, de ce seul fait,
résidents temporaires.
219.(1)
Le permis d’études ne peut être délivré à l’étranger que si celui-ci produit
une attestation écrite de son acceptation émanant de l’établissement
d’enseignement où il a l’intention d’étudier.
(2)
Le paragraphe (1) ne s’applique pas :
a) au membre
de la famille de l’étranger dont la demande de permis d’études ou de travail
est approuvée par écrit avant son entrée au Canada;
b)
à l’étranger qui demande le renouvellement de son permis d’études et qui a
reçu de l’université ou du collège où il a étudié un avis écrit selon lequel
il a terminé avec succès son diplôme ou son certificat de compétence.
(3)
L’agent qui délivre un permis d’études à l’étranger visé à l’alinéa (2)b)
peut autoriser une période d’études d’au plus quatre-vingt-dix jours
commençant à la date de l’avis écrit.
220. À l’exception des personnes visées aux sous-alinéas 215(1)d) ou e),
l’agent ne délivre pas de permis d’études à l’étranger à moins que celui-ci
ne dispose, sans qu’il lui soit nécessaire d’exercer un emploi au Canada, de
ressources financières suffisantes pour :
a) acquitter
les frais de scolarité des cours qu’il a l’intention de suivre;
b) subvenir à
ses propres besoins et à ceux des membres de sa famille qui l’accompagnent
durant ses études;
c) acquitter
les frais de transport pour lui-même et les membres de sa famille visés à
l’alinéa b) pour venir au Canada et en repartir.
221.
Malgré la section 2, il n’est délivré de permis d’études à l’étranger qui a
déjà étudié ou travaillé au Canada sans autorisation ou permis ou qui n’a pas
respecté une condition imposée par un permis que dans les cas suivants :
a) un délai de
six mois s’est écoulé depuis la cessation des études ou du travail sans
autorisation ou permis ou du non-respect de la condition;
b) ses études
ou son travail n’ont pas été autorisés pour la seule raison que les conditions
visées aux sous-alinéas 185b)(i) à (iii) ou aux alinéas 185a) ou
c)
n’ont pas été respectées;
c)
il s’est subséquemment vu délivrer un permis de séjour temporaire au titre du
paragraphe 24(1) de la Loi.
222.
Le permis d’études devient invalide lorsqu’il expire ou lorsqu’une mesure de
renvoi prise à l’encontre du titulaire du permis devient exécutoire.
223.
Les mesures de renvoi sont de trois types : interdiction de séjour,
exclusion, expulsion.
224.(1)
L’exécution d’une mesure d’interdiction de séjour à l’égard d’un étranger est
un cas prévu par règlement qui exonère celui-ci de l’obligation d’obtenir
l’autorisation prévue au paragraphe 52(1) de la Loi pour revenir au Canada.
(2)
L’étranger visé par une mesure d’interdiction de séjour doit satisfaire aux
exigences prévues aux alinéas 240(1)a) à c) au plus tard trente jours après
que la mesure devient exécutoire, à défaut de quoi la mesure devient une
mesure d’expulsion.
(3)
Si l’étranger est détenu au cours de la période de trente jours ou s’il est
sursis à la mesure de renvoi prise à son égard, la période de trente jours
est suspendue jusqu’à sa mise en liberté ou jusqu’au moment où la mesure
redevient exécutoire.
225.(1)
Pour l’application du paragraphe 52(1) de la Loi, mais sous réserve des
paragraphes (3) et (4), la mesure d’exclusion oblige l’étranger à obtenir une
autorisation écrite pour revenir au Canada dans l’année suivant l’exécution
de la mesure.
(2)
Pour l’application du paragraphe 52(1) de la Loi, l’expiration d’une période
de un an — ou de deux ans dans le cas visé au paragraphe (3) du présent
article — suivant l’exécution d’une mesure d’exclusion est un cas prévu par
règlement qui dispense l’étranger qui y est visé de l’obligation d’obtenir
une autorisation pour revenir au Canada.
(3)
L’étranger visé par une mesure d’exclusion prise en application de l’alinéa
40(2)a) de la Loi doit obtenir une autorisation écrite pour revenir au Canada
au cours des deux ans suivant l’exécution de la mesure d’exclusion.
(4)
Pour l’application du paragraphe 52(1) de la Loi, le cas de l’étranger visé
par une mesure d’exclusion prise en raison de son interdiction de territoire
au titre de l’alinéa 42b) de la Loi est un cas prévu par règlement qui
dispense celui-ci de l’obligation d’obtenir une autorisation pour revenir au
Canada.
226.(1)
Pour l’application du paragraphe 52(1) de la Loi, mais sous réserve du
paragraphe (2), la mesure d’expulsion oblige l’étranger à obtenir une
autorisation écrite pour revenir au Canada à quelque moment que ce soit après
l’exécution de la mesure.
(2)
Pour l’application du paragraphe 52(1) de la Loi, le cas de l’étranger visé
par une mesure d’expulsion prise du fait de son interdiction de territoire au
titre de l’alinéa 42b) de la Loi est un cas prévu par règlement qui dispense
celui-ci de l’obligation d’obtenir une autorisation pour revenir au Canada.
(3)
Pour l’application du paragraphe 52(1) de la Loi, la mesure de renvoi visée à
l’article 81 de la Loi oblige l’étranger à obtenir une autorisation écrite
pour revenir au Canada à quelque moment que ce soit après l’exécution de la
mesure.
227.(1)
Le rapport établi à l’égard de l’étranger aux termes du paragraphe 44(1) de
la Loi vaut également pour les membres de sa famille au Canada pour l’application
de l’article 42 de la Loi.
(2)
Toute mesure de renvoi prise par la Section de l’immigration à l’égard de
l’étranger frappe également les membres de sa famille au Canada auxquels le
paragraphe (1) s’applique si :
a)
d’une part, l’agent a avisé les membres de la famille que le rapport les
concerne, qu’ils font l’objet d’une enquête et qu’ils peuvent soumettre leurs
observations et être représentés, à leurs frais, à l’enquête;
b)
d’autre part, la décision de la Section de l’immigration, si elle conclut à
l’interdiction de territoire de l’étranger, conclut également à
l’interdiction de territoire de chacun des membres de la famille aux termes
de l’article 42 de la Loi.
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