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This translation was prepared by Tax Interpretations Inc. The CRA did not issue this document in the language in which it now appears, and is not responsible for any errors in its translation that might impact a reader’s understanding of it or the position(s) taken therein. See also the general Disclaimer below.
Principal Issues: Whether a loss is a superfical loss deemed to be nil under subparagrapg 40(2)(g)(i) in two given situations.
Position: Generally, subparagrapg 40(2)(g)(i) does not apply where the two conditions set out in paragraphes (a) and (b) of the definition of « superficial loss » in section 54 are not met.
Reasons: Wording of the Act.
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3. Superficial loss rules
Pursuant to subparagraph 40(2)(g)(i), a taxpayer’s loss is nil where it is a “superficial loss”. The definition of “superficial loss” is set out in section 54 and provides, in part, as follows :
“superficial loss of a taxpayer means the taxpayer’s loss from the disposition of a particular property where
(a) during the period that begins 30 days before and ends 30 days after the disposition, the taxpayer or a person affiliated with the taxpayer acquires a property (in this definition referred to as the “substituted property”) that is, or is identical to, the particular property,
and
(b) at the end of that period, the taxpayer or a person affiliated with the taxpayer owns or had a right to acquire the substituted property,”
Thus, there are two separate conditions to the definition. Paragraph (b) requires that the taxpayer or a person affiliated with the taxpayer own the property at the end of the 30-day period referred to in paragraph (a).
Setting the scene
Consider the following situation, which may well apply in practice since it is not uncommon for tax spouses to have very separate accounts and different investment advisors or to deal with separate financial institutions.
Mr. A has decided to sell an investment of 1,000 shares of a publicly traded Canadian corporation in a non-registered account on September 1, 2021. He has realized a loss of $20,000 as he paid $30 per share for the shares in 2018 and has just disposed of them at $10 per share.
His tax spouse, Ms. B, deals with a different brokerage firm. On September 7, 2021, she acquired 1,200 shares of the same Canadian corporation in her registered retirement savings plan (“RRSP”) portfolio as the shares sold by Mr. A on September 1, 2021. During a discussion between the two spouses at dinner on September 20, 2021, Mr. A learns that Mrs. B’s advisor has acquired the same shares (for the benefit of Mrs. B’s RRSP) that he had sold in early September. The next day, while talking to his advisor, Mr. A learns from his advisor that his $20,000 capital loss would be deemed to be nil under the superficial loss tax rules. In order to avoid the disallowance problem, Mr. A’s advisor suggests that his tax spouse dispose of her shares of such corporation no later than September 28, 2021 (due to the 2 business day delay following the day of the transaction to meet the settlement deadline on the stock exchange). Thus, neither Mr. A nor an affiliated person would own the property (or a replacement property or a right to acquire it) at the end of the period, as required by the condition in paragraph (b) of the superficial loss definition.
Questions to the CRA
(a) Does the CRA agree with the analysis?
(b) Would the CRA’s conclusions be the same if Ms. B’s advisor repurchased on October 1, 2021, in Ms. B’s RRSP, the 1,200 shares originally sold on or before September 28, 2021, because her advisor considered it to be a very good investment for her despite her spouse’s decision to sell the such shares in early September 2021?
CRA Response to question 3(a)
Subparagraph 40(2)(g)(i) provides that a taxpayer's loss from the disposition of property is nil to the extent that it is a "superficial loss.
As noted in the statement of the question, the concept of "superficial loss" is defined in section 54 as the taxpayer’s loss from the disposition of a particular property where
(a) during the period that begins 30 days before and ends 30 days after the disposition, the taxpayer or a person affiliated with the taxpayer acquires a property (in this definition referred to as the “substituted property”) that is, or is identical to, the particular property, and
(b) at the end of that period, the taxpayer or a person affiliated with the taxpayer owns or had a right to acquire the substituted property,
Consequently, subparagraph 40(2)(g)(i) does not apply in the present situation since Mr. A's loss is not a "superficial loss" as defined in section 54. Indeed, the RRSP trust under which Ms. B is the annuitant (a majority interest beneficiary) is a person affiliated with Mr. A who acquired a substituted property to Mr. A's property. However, the RRSP trust does not own the substituted property or have the right to acquire it at the end of the period provided for in paragraph (a) of the definition of "superficial loss" in section 54.
CRA Response to question 3(b)
The CRA's conclusions would be different in the situation where the trust governed by Ms. B's RRSP reacquired, on October 1, 2021, the shares that it disposed of on September 28, 2021. In that situation, subparagraph 40(2)(g)(i) would apply in respect of Mr. A, since the two conditions set out in paragraphs (a) and (b) of the definition of "superficial loss" in section 54 would be satisfied.
By reacquiring the shares on October 1, 2021, the trust governed by Ms. B's RRSP, a person affiliated with Mr. A, would have acquired a substituted property during the period ending 30 days after Mr. A disposed of the shares (i.e., on September 1, 2021) and at the end of that period would still own them. The calculation of the period must take into account subsection 27(5) of the Interpretation Act (footnote 1, which specifies that where a time is expressed to begin after or to be from a specified day, the time does not include that day. In the situation presented, since the day of disposition would be September 1, 2021 and that day does not count, the last day of the period ending 30 days after that disposition would fall on October 1, 2021.
Consequently, in this situation, a person affiliated with Mr. A would have acquired a substituted property during the 30-day period after that disposition and would still own it at the end of that period. In these circumstances, subparagraph 40(2)(g)(i) would apply to Mr. A, with the result that his capital loss would be deemed to be nil.
Assuming that Ms. B's RRSP trust had instead reacquired the shares on October 2, 2021, immediately after the period that ends 30 days after Mr. A's disposition of the shares, subparagraph 40(2)(g)(i) would not apply in that situation. Indeed, the two conditions set out in paragraphs (a) and (b) of the definition of "superficial loss" in section 54 would not be satisfied in that situation.
However, the Income Tax Act contains a general anti-avoidance rule. Nevertheless, the CRA does not comment on its potential application in the absence of an analysis of all the facts and circumstances relating to a particular situation.
Lyne Gélinas
(438) 334-3528
October 7, 2021
2021-089603
FOOTNOTES
Due to our system requirements, footnotes contained in the original document are reproduced below:
1 R.S.C. (1985), c. I-21.
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