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This translation was prepared by Tax Interpretations Inc. The CRA did not issue this document in the language in which it now appears, and is not responsible for any errors in its translation that might impact a reader’s understanding of it or the position(s) taken therein. See also the general Disclaimer below.
Principal Issues: 1. Does subsection 12(12) apply where an offer to purchase is accepted less than 365 days after the initial acquisition of the property, a lease agreement is executed between the offer and the transfer of ownership, and the transfer occurs after the 365-day period?
2. Is the answer the same if the property was previously held by a trust for more than 365 days?
Position: 1. Question of fact and law; 2. Yes.
Reasons: 1. Determining the date of disposition of a real estate such as a residence cannot be resolved without a thorough examination of the facts and particularities of each situation, including the agreements between the parties and the applicable private law.
2. There is no continuity rule.
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8. Flipped property and date of disposition
On April 1, 2025, an individual acquired a residence that was a housing unit from an unrelated third party. The residence was not inventory of the individual. On July 1, 2025, he put the residence up for sale. None of the "life events" exceptions applied at the time the residence was put up for sale.
An offer to purchase the residence was made on December 1, 2025, but the transfer of ownership and the buyer's taking of possession were set for April 2, 2026, 366 days after the acquisition of the residence. In the meantime, a lease for temporary occupancy of the residence was entered into with the purchaser.
Questions to the CRA
(a) Can the CRA confirm that subsection 12(12) will not apply on the sale of the residence?
(b) Would the answer be the same if the individual had acquired the residence from a trust of which the individual was the beneficiary, and had regularly lived in the residence since it was acquired by the trust more than five years ago?
CRA Response to Question 8(a)
Generally, the subsection 12(12) flipped property rules apply when a taxpayer realizes a gain on the disposition of "flipped property". The term "flipped property" is defined in subsection 12(13) and essentially refers to a housing unit (or the right to acquire such a housing unit) located in Canada, which is owned or held by the taxpayer for less than 365 consecutive days prior to its disposition, other than a disposition that can reasonably be considered to occur due to, or in anticipation of, one or more of the exemptions provided by paragraph 12(13)(b).
For the purposes of subsection 12(12), we have assumed that the residence described above would be a "flipped property" if it had been held by the taxpayer for less than 365 consecutive days prior to its disposition. Consequently, in this situation, the main issue is to determine the date of disposition of the residence. If that date is before the 365th day following its acquisition, the residence will satisfy the parameters of the definition of "flipped property" and, if so, the rules set out in subsection 12(12) will apply.
However, such a determination cannot be made in a hypothetical context. Indeed, determining the date of disposition of real estate such as a residence, while seemingly straightforward, cannot be resolved without a thorough examination of the facts and particulars of each situation, including the agreements (written or verbal) between the parties and the applicable private law. In other words, in the situation described, this would mean examining, in addition to the particular circumstances surrounding the sale, the legal effects and interaction between the first offer to purchase providing for a deferred taking of possession on the 366th day of the acquisition of the residence and the lease that allows the buyer to occupy the residence on the date the offer to purchase is concluded.
That said, in the context of such a review, the CRA has already indicated its agreement with the position taken by the Supreme Court of Canada in Shell Canada Ltd. v. Canada, (footnote 1) that, in the absence of a sham, determining whether a contract between two parties is a lease or a contract of sale is a function of the legal relationships created by the terms of the agreements rather than an appreciation of the underlying economic realities.
In addition, it is appropriate to add that, if the date of disposition of the residence occurred 366 days after the acquisition of the residence, it would not qualify as "flipped property". If that were the case, it would be necessary to determine whether such a disposition would give rise to business income or a capital gain, which can only be done following a careful examination of certain criteria that have been repeatedly recognized by case law. In this regard, Interpretation Bulletin IT-459 (footnote 2) and paragraphs 3 to 6 of Interpretation Bulletin IT-218R (footnote 3) set out the principal criteria considered by the courts in determining whether the sale of a property gives rise to a capital gain or business income, and the CRA's comments thereon.
Furthermore, it should be added that if the date of disposition of the residence occurred 366 days after the acquisition of the residence, it would not qualify as a "precipitous resale property." In this case, it would be necessary to determine whether this disposition would give rise to business income or a capital gain, which can only be done after careful consideration of certain criteria that have been repeatedly recognized in case law. To this end, Interpretation Bulletin IT-459 (footnote 2) and paragraphs 3 to 6 of Interpretation Bulletin IT-218R (footnote 3) set out the main criteria considered by the courts in determining whether the sale of a property gives rise to a capital gain or business income, as well as the CRA's comments on these criteria.
CRA Response to Question 8(b)
The answer to Question (b) is the same as that given in response to Question (a).
Éric Paquin
October 9, 2025
2025-107156
FOOTNOTES
Due to our system requirements, the footnotes contained in the original document are reproduced below:
1 [1999] 3 S.C.R. 622.
2 CANADA REVENUE AGENCY, Interpretation Bulletin IT-459, "Adventure or Concern in the Nature of Trade" (archived), September 8, 1980 ("Interpretation Bulletin IT-459").
3 CANADA REVENUE AGENCY, Interpretation Bulletin IT-218R, "Profits, capital gains and losses from the sale of real estate, including farmland and inherited land and conversion of real estate from capital property to inventory and vice versa" (archived), September 16, 1986 ("Interpretation Bulletin IT-218R").
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