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Principal Issues: Can services which do not meet the 183 days test in any twelve month period be deemed to be provided through a permanent establishment (PE) if the enterprise had a services PE for the same project in the past?
Position: Generally, no.
Reasons: Based on the wording of Art. V(9)b) of the Canada-U.S. Tax Treaty, only the services that are provided during any twelve month period, in which the 183 days test is met, should be deemed to be provided through a permanent establishment.
APFF FEDERAL TAX ROUNDTABLE 6 OCTOBER 2017
APFF CONFERENCE 2017
Question 6
Article 9(b) of the Convention
Where a U.S.-based firm provides services in Canada and does not have an establishment outside the U.S., it may nevertheless be deemed to provide those services through a permanent establishment in Canada if the following conditions are met under Article V, subparagraph 9(b) of the Convention between Canada and the United States of America with respect to Taxes on Income and on Capital (hereinafter "the Convention"): the services are provided in Canada for an aggregate of 183 days or more ("the 183-day standard") in any twelve-month period with respect to the same or connected project or related project for customers who are either residents of Canada, or who maintain a permanent establishment in Canada and the services are provided in respect of that permanent establishment.
Question to the CRA
Where the conditions set out in Article V, subparagraph 9(b) of the Convention are satisfied during a taxation year respecting a particular project and it continues for several months during the subsequent taxation year, but with the 183-day test not being met in that subsequent year, will the CRA consider that the enterprise is nevertheless deemed to have a permanent establishment in Canada during the subsequent year or is the 183-day test provided in the Convention actually a condition that is applied to each taxation year regardless of whether or not the 183-day test was satisfied in a previous taxation year with respect to the same project?
CRA response
Since paragraph 9(b) of Article V of the Convention specifies that the 183-day test applies to "any twelve-month period", that period may not correspond to the taxation year of the taxpayer. For example, the 183-day test may take into account not only the current taxation year but also the taxpayer's previous and subsequent taxation years in determining whether the 183-day threshold has been reached over a twelve-month period.
If we apply these principles to a practical case which is slightly different from yours but which retains its spirit, we obtain the following results. Pursuant to Article V, subparagraph 9(b) of the Convention, a United States enterprise, whose fiscal year-end is December 31, which provides services on an ongoing basis from January 15, 20_1, to January 25 20_2 shall be deemed to provide such services through a permanent establishment in Canada for the entire period. Indeed, the 183-day test is respected during any twelve-month period for all the services rendered in 20_1 and 20_2. More specifically, the 183-day test is met for the twelve-month period commencing on January 15, 20_1 and ending on January 14, 20_2. The 183-day test is also met for the remainder of the work performed in January 20_2 since the threshold of 183 days is reached for the twelve-month period beginning on February 26, 20_1 and ending on January 25, 20_2.
On the other hand, if additional services for this project were provided from January 1, 20_3 to January 31, 20_3, and no other services were provided from January 26, 20_2 to December 31, 20_2 as well as after January 31, 20_3 with respect to this project or a related project, such supplementary services should generally not be deemed to be provided through a permanent establishment under Article V, subparagraph 9(b) of the Convention, since such services would not be provided during a twelve-month period where the 183-day test is met; that is, the 183-day threshold is not met during the twelve-month period beginning on February 1, 20_2 and ending on January 31, 20_3 or any other twelve-month period that includes the time when these additional services are provided.
Yves Grondin
Nicolas Bilodeau
October 6, 2017
2017-070904
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