Translation disclaimer
This translation was prepared by Tax Interpretations Inc. The CRA did not issue this document in the language in which it now appears, and is not responsible for any errors in its translation that might impact a reader’s understanding of it or the position(s) taken therein. See also the general Disclaimer below.
Principal Issues: Would the CRA consider the deferred taxes on properties owned by a corporation for the determination of the FMV of its shares?
Position: No
Reasons: The FMV is a question of fact.
FEDERAL TAXATION ROUNDTABLE 10 OCTOBER 2014
APFF - CONGRESS 2014
Question 12
Determination of the fair market value of the shares of a corporation
In a non-arm's length transaction, it is essential to determine the fair market value ("FMV") of the property sold or transferred to ensure that the consideration received is adequate, as required by section 69. According to Information Circular 89-3 dated August 25, 1989, this FMV represents "the highest price, expressed in terms of money or money's worth, obtainable in an open and unrestricted market between knowledgeable, informed and prudent parties acting at arm's length, neither party being under any compulsion to transact.”
Also, in Information Circular 89-3, it is stated that "generally speaking, the fair market value of a business is usually the greater of (a) its liquidation value, and (b) its going concern value.” Where the survival of the business is not at risk, it appears that the CRA prefers the going concern value method. Under previous CRA positions, it would appear that, based on the going concern value method, deferred taxes on assets held by a corporation should not be taken into account for purposes of determining the FMV of shares. However, a potential acquirer of an asset with deferred tax would want to discount the purchase price of the asset to account for the deferred taxes. However, in light of the CRA's position, this element cannot be taken into account in determining the FMV for non-arm's length transactions. This general position of the CRA thus runs counter to the very definition of FMV, as it was defined earlier and can have important consequences.
For example, Father wishes to sell to his Son the shares of a corporation holding, as its sole asset, a building free of all debts. This building is assessed by a certified appraiser at $1,000,000. At the time of the sale of the shares, a deferred tax liability of $150,000 was estimated for this property. According to the CRA's position, Son will have to pay an amount of $1,000,000 to Father for the acquisition of the shares, even though a third party would offer a reduced amount for the shares because there would be a discount for the amount of the deferred taxes, in whole or in part.
To the extent that the corporation should subsequently sell the property, the market value of the corporation would be $850,000, or $1,000,000 in cash less the taxes payable of $150,000. Thus, the CRA's current position regarding the establishment of the FMV of a property for a non-arm's length transaction results in an economic loss to Son, as he will have paid $1,000,000 to acquire shares, even though the corporation is only worth $850,000 following the sale of the building.
In Technical Interpretation 2012-0471401E5, the CRA agreed to use a discount on work-in-progress to account for the fact that a potential purchaser would be willing to give value to work-in- progress subject to the risks of loss associated with recovery as well as to income taxes. Furthermore, the CRA indicated that the time value of the money also should be considered.
Question to the CRA
Would the CRA consider deferred taxes on properties owned by a corporation in determining the fair market value of its shares to be more in line with the definition of FMV, if the deferred taxes are discounted based on a number of years and a reasonable discount rate?
CRA Response
The determination of the FMV of a corporation's shares is a question of fact. Generally, the FMV of a property is the same regardless of whether the parties involved in the transaction are related or not. Information Circular IC89-3, Policy Statement on Business Equity Valuations, discusses certain methods and lists certain factors that may be taken into account in determining the FMV of an asset. In the above example, it is likely that the FMV of the shares would be evaluated in accordance with the going concern value of the enterprise.
In general, the CRA is of the view that deferred tax is not considered as property of the enterprise because it is not receivable (or payable). The longstanding administrative position or the CRA is that deferred taxes are not considered in the determination of FMV in the context of a butterfly distribution under section 55 as well as in a rollover under subsection 85(1). Furthermore, the CRA is of the view that a deferred tax asset is not an asset for purposes of the definition of a small business corporation and of a qualified small business corporation share.
In the situation provided, the CRA would not accept the deferred taxes respecting the assets held by the corporation being considered in the determination of the FMV of the shares of the corporation.
Isabelle Brulotte
2014-053812
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