Wojdan v. Canada (Attorney General), 2022 FCA 120

CORAM:

BOIVIN J.A.

LASKIN J.A.

LEBLANC J.A.

BETWEEN:

ADAM WOJDAN, ALANA MATHESON, ALEXANDER NEVIN HOBBS, ALEXANDRA BODE, ALEXANDRA JANE HARRISON, ALICIA DIAZ DE LA SERNA, ALLAN EMMETT NOLAN, AMANDA JOANNE WELLS, ANA LUCIC, ANA POTAKIS, ANASTASIA DALY, ANDREA B. MILLER, ANDREEA LIVIA MODREA, ANDRÉE‑FRANCE PAGÉ, ANGELA NATHALIE GUENTERT, ANIK MARIE-LOU ARAND, ANNA DOROTA YAARY, ANNA MAGDALENA RATAJCZAK, ASHLEY GAIL BRUNET, AUDREY GENEVIEVE LACASSE, AUTUMN MARIE CARDY, BARBARA ANN BERGSMA, BELINDA KATO, BIANCA BOUCHER, BRANDON BRUCE LEO SMITH, BRANDON JAY MERRILL, BRENT R EPPS, CALVIN BEDROS, CALVIN JOHN KOTOWICH, CARL THIESSEN, CARLY VIOLA LARSEN, CAROL-ANN MARY DODD, CAROLEE ANNE STEWART, CATALIN MIHAI OBREJA, CATALINA CAZAN-MACISANU, CATALINA SOLOMON, CHAD MICHAEL GAGNON, CHARLES-PHILIPPE SAJOUS, CHRISTIAN FESTEJO, CHRISTIAN JOSEPH ANDRÉ GAGNÉ, CHRISTINE SERBAN, CHRISTINE SUSAN GRAY HUTCHINS, CHRISTINE SYLVIA DANIS, CHRISTOPH PHILIPPE DAUDIN, CHYLOW NADINE HALL, CINDY MILDRED DERAICHE, CLAIRE BRETON-PACHLA, COREY GERALD JOSEPH GAUTHIER, COREY JOHN CHARLES CRABTREE, CORY LALONDE, CRAIG STUART MCGUIGAN, DAISY-IVY BODE, DANA TOMA, DANIEL EMANUEL ANINOIU, DANIEL GEORGE GERALD KRAUTER, DANIEL LIONEL GASTON GIROUX, DANIEL NATHAN BUDD, DANIEL WILLIAM ADSHADE, DANNY ALLEN EDWARD HONE, DAVID JOHN DEMPSTER, DAVID MC NICOLL, DEAN ALLAN LEROY DAVIS, DEANNA GETZ, DEBBIE LYNN PREVOST, DENIS LECOMPTE, DENISE GABRIELLA NICOLE RAMSANKAR, DERRICK ANTHONY BELL, DÉSIRÉE-LYNN ROCHON, DHEEPA MURTHY, DIANNE EVERLYNE MARIE FLYNN, DONEEN COXE, DONNA JUNE STAINFIELD, EDMUND MCLAUGHLIN, ELAINE J. HEYINK, ELENA PALMIERI, ELIZABETH JOSEPHINE DROCHOLL, EMILIE GABRIELLE CYR, FARRAH ESPERA, FILIPPAS LAVIDAS, FRANCE RENÉE PARADIS, FRANCIS EMOND, FRANCK ARMEL DIEDRO, FRANK MOURA RODRIGUES, GAËL BRASSARD, GIUSEPPE SALERA, GIUSEPPINA TRAPANI, GORDON WILLIAM HILL, GREGORY J D DALE, HAMID NAGHDIAN-VISHTEH, HANNA "JOHN" GEBARA, HEIDI SCHENKEWITZ, HOLLY ANN JEFFERD, IKECHUKWU PRECIOUS ARUNGWA, JACOB ALLEN ELLIOTT, JACQUELYN ANN STEVENSON, JADE BERGERON, JAMES EDISON JOHN SNIVELY, JASBIR SINGH KAILA, JAY CHRISTOPHER SINHA, JEFFREY LADOUCEUR, JENNIFER ANN THIESSEN, JENNIFER LYNN MCKEOWN, JENNIFER LYNNE STANNARD, JENNIFER MARIE JUST, JÉRÉMY BENOIT, JESSICA LEIGH WADDELL, JILI LI, JOHANNE LAROCHE, JOHN DONALD MARSHALL JR., JONATHAN CHARLE SERGIUS MANKOW, JONATHAN DAVID GIROUX, JONATHAN TASKER, JOSEE SIVRET, JOSEPH BREFNI WARREN MACDONALD, JOSHUA NATHANIEL TORTORICI, JULIE BLOUIN, JULIE DIANE SOOK HARN MA, JULIE DONNA MOUNCE COMBER, KALIN KOSTADINOV STOYANOV, KARINE MARIE ELIZABETH GÉLINAS, KATHLEEN BRIDGET MULHOLLAND, KELLY ANN GRENIER, KELSEY WARNOCK, KERSTIN SYKES, KEVIN LYSIUS CÔTÉ, KHRISTEN VASSEUR, KIMBERLEY ANN GIROUX, KIMBERLEY NATASHA JOY LANE, KIMBERLY ANN LISSEL, KIRSTEN PATRICIA HALL, KRISTEN ALEXANDRA SOO, KRISTINE GRAVELLE, KYLE ROYCE STUPPLE, LANCE AARON STUART DIXON, LAURA PALMA HECIMOVIC, LAURA SUZANNE YKEMA, LILLIAM SCHULZ BECHARA, LINDA BENKAIOUCHE, LINDSAY VIRGINIA DAGENAIS, LISA JANE LAWR, LLOYD WILLIAM SWANSON, LOU ANN F. GOVEAS, LUC LAFLEUR, LUCAS BRETT REID, LUKE BEDROS-ZAVODNI, LYANE Y. GIROUX, LYNE JOSEE SURETTE, MANON TREMBLAY, MARC HENRY DOMINIQUE, MARIE BETHIE THIMOT, MARIE CLAIRE SONIA CARIGNAN, MARIE GENEVIEVE PIERRETTE BERGERON, MARIE NICOLE DOROTHÉE LISE HOUDE, MARIE-CLAUDE PAGÉ, MARIE-FRANCE LADOUCEUR, MARILYN DUFRESNE, MARK LAVAL JAEKL, MARTINE JOSEPH, MARVIN ROLANDO CASTILLO, MARY DEANNA THOMPSON, MARY ELLEN RENAUT, MARY NATALIE DAWN VELLENGA, MARY-ANN HUE, MATHIEU LEMAY, MATTHEW BRADEN CAPELL, MÉLISSA HÉLÈNE GAUTIER, MELISSA SHARON COOPER, MELISSA SUZANNE MARTIN, MERIEM MOKAIRITA-LAMSSAHHAL, MESLISSA RICCIARDELLI, MICHAEL ALBERTA FALCONE, MICHAEL DOUGLAS ANDERSON, MICHAEL ERIC LLOYD, MICHAEL STEVEN GENDRON, MICHAEL THEODORE SHOSTAK, MICHAL WALCZAK, MICHELLE LALANDE, MONA ABRAHAM KIAME, MONIQUE BRUYERE, MORGAN ANDREW WATTS, NADINE KASPICK, NANCY ANNE DUNPHY, NATASHA MARIE BUDY, NATHALIE LACROIX, NICHOLAS GUENETTE, NICQUES MWILAMBWE YUMBA, OLIVIA LOUISE JENKINSON, PABLO ROMAN DICONCA, PANAGIOTA STAPPAS, PASCAL JOSEPH RAPHAEL MUSACCHIO, PATRICK HILBORN, PATRICK T DAVIDSON, PAWEL JAN SZOPA, PIERRE-MARC CÔTÉ, RADOSLAW WERONSKI, RAELEEN GAY KERELIUK, RAIMONDI ROSEMARY AMALIA STEFANIA, REID HOWARD MILLER, RENÉE JOELLE THÉORÊT, RENEE LEEANN FLEURY, RIAN BROOKE BABINEAU, RICHARD KENNETH GABBEY, RICHARD MICHEL JOSEPH BARRETTE, ROBERT BRUCE COSMAN, ROBERT JOHANNAS DUECK, ROBERT MANDIC, ROBERT WEIR ROBSON, ROBY ELAINE MCKELVIE DUNN, ROLAND MICHAEL CHARBONNEAU, ROSEDORE GOTTFRIEDE KANITZ, ROXANNE MARIE JOHANNE EVE LANTHIER, ROXANNE ROBERTSON, RYAN LAWRENCE SCHIPPER, SABRINA MICHELLE CANTIN, SABRINA NICOLE FONTANA, SABRINE BARAKAT, SALINNA BRANDY LACHANCE, SALMA TMOULIK, SAMANTHA JOYCE CURTIS, SANDRA ANNE HALEY, SANDRA ELAINE WHITING, SARAH ABDULJABBAR ABDULLATIF ALDOSARY, SASA DANICIC, SCOTT FAST, SEAN MICHAEL RUSENSTROM, SÉBASTIEN PROST, SESHA RABIDEAU, SÉVERINE HUGUETTE PARNAUDEAU, SHELLEY HARVEY, SHELLY ANN THERIAULT, SHERIE DAWN CRAIK, SHRIKAN SHARMA, SISTINO PAOLO COLATOSTI, SONIA PARISIEN, STÉPHANE LEBLANC, STÉPHANE PARISIEN, STEPHANE ROBY JOSEPH DUBÉ, STEPHANIE CHARLENE MCCANN, STEPHEN HOWARD KELLY, STEVEN BOLDUC, STEVEN RACINE, SUZAN CHERIE MOTTL, SVETLANA SHACHKINA, SYLVI VERISSIMO, SZABOLCS PALL, TAMMY LYNN MYER, TANIA MICHAUD, TANJA DANICIC, THERESA GELDART, TIMOTHY JOHN HIEBERT, TRISTAN GRAVEL, TYLER MARK ALEXANDER BORG VÉRONIQUE SANTOS, WE SEONG LIM, WENDY DENNIS, YANNICK VEZINA, ZACHARY WILLIAM ANTHONY LINNICK

Appellants

and

ATTORNEY GENERAL OF CANADA

Respondent

REASONS FOR JUDGMENT OF THE COURT BY:

BOIVIN J.A.

CORAM:

BOIVIN J.A.

LASKIN J.A.

LEBLANC J.A.

BETWEEN:

ADAM WOJDAN, ALANA MATHESON, ALEXANDER NEVIN HOBBS, ALEXANDRA BODE, ALEXANDRA JANE HARRISON, ALICIA DIAZ DE LA SERNA, ALLAN EMMETT NOLAN, AMANDA JOANNE WELLS, ANA LUCIC, ANA POTAKIS, ANASTASIA DALY, ANDREA B. MILLER, ANDREEA LIVIA MODREA, ANDRÉE‑FRANCE PAGÉ, ANGELA NATHALIE GUENTERT, ANIK MARIE-LOU ARAND, ANNA DOROTA YAARY, ANNA MAGDALENA RATAJCZAK, ASHLEY GAIL BRUNET, AUDREY GENEVIEVE LACASSE, AUTUMN MARIE CARDY, BARBARA ANN BERGSMA, BELINDA KATO, BIANCA BOUCHER, BRANDON BRUCE LEO SMITH, BRANDON JAY MERRILL, BRENT R EPPS, CALVIN BEDROS, CALVIN JOHN KOTOWICH, CARL THIESSEN, CARLY VIOLA LARSEN, CAROL-ANN MARY DODD, CAROLEE ANNE STEWART, CATALIN MIHAI OBREJA, CATALINA CAZAN-MACISANU, CATALINA SOLOMON, CHAD MICHAEL GAGNON, CHARLES-PHILIPPE SAJOUS, CHRISTIAN FESTEJO, CHRISTIAN JOSEPH ANDRÉ GAGNÉ, CHRISTINE SERBAN, CHRISTINE SUSAN GRAY HUTCHINS, CHRISTINE SYLVIA DANIS, CHRISTOPH PHILIPPE DAUDIN, CHYLOW NADINE HALL, CINDY MILDRED DERAICHE, CLAIRE BRETON-PACHLA, COREY GERALD JOSEPH GAUTHIER, COREY JOHN CHARLES CRABTREE, CORY LALONDE, CRAIG STUART MCGUIGAN, DAISY-IVY BODE, DANA TOMA, DANIEL EMANUEL ANINOIU, DANIEL GEORGE GERALD KRAUTER, DANIEL LIONEL GASTON GIROUX, DANIEL NATHAN BUDD, DANIEL WILLIAM ADSHADE, DANNY ALLEN EDWARD HONE, DAVID JOHN DEMPSTER, DAVID MC NICOLL, DEAN ALLAN LEROY DAVIS, DEANNA GETZ, DEBBIE LYNN PREVOST, DENIS LECOMPTE, DENISE GABRIELLA NICOLE RAMSANKAR, DERRICK ANTHONY BELL, DÉSIRÉE-LYNN ROCHON, DHEEPA MURTHY, DIANNE EVERLYNE MARIE FLYNN, DONEEN COXE, DONNA JUNE STAINFIELD, EDMUND MCLAUGHLIN, ELAINE J. HEYINK, ELENA PALMIERI, ELIZABETH JOSEPHINE DROCHOLL, EMILIE GABRIELLE CYR, FARRAH ESPERA, FILIPPAS LAVIDAS, FRANCE RENÉE PARADIS, FRANCIS EMOND, FRANCK ARMEL DIEDRO, FRANK MOURA RODRIGUES, GAËL BRASSARD, GIUSEPPE SALERA, GIUSEPPINA TRAPANI, GORDON WILLIAM HILL, GREGORY J D DALE, HAMID NAGHDIAN-VISHTEH, HANNA "JOHN" GEBARA, HEIDI SCHENKEWITZ, HOLLY ANN JEFFERD, IKECHUKWU PRECIOUS ARUNGWA, JACOB ALLEN ELLIOTT, JACQUELYN ANN STEVENSON, JADE BERGERON, JAMES EDISON JOHN SNIVELY, JASBIR SINGH KAILA, JAY CHRISTOPHER SINHA, JEFFREY LADOUCEUR, JENNIFER ANN THIESSEN, JENNIFER LYNN MCKEOWN, JENNIFER LYNNE STANNARD, JENNIFER MARIE JUST, JÉRÉMY BENOIT, JESSICA LEIGH WADDELL, JILI LI, JOHANNE LAROCHE, JOHN DONALD MARSHALL JR., JONATHAN CHARLE SERGIUS MANKOW, JONATHAN DAVID GIROUX, JONATHAN TASKER, JOSEE SIVRET, JOSEPH BREFNI WARREN MACDONALD, JOSHUA NATHANIEL TORTORICI, JULIE BLOUIN, JULIE DIANE SOOK HARN MA, JULIE DONNA MOUNCE COMBER, KALIN KOSTADINOV STOYANOV, KARINE MARIE ELIZABETH GÉLINAS, KATHLEEN BRIDGET MULHOLLAND, KELLY ANN GRENIER, KELSEY WARNOCK, KERSTIN SYKES, KEVIN LYSIUS CÔTÉ, KHRISTEN VASSEUR, KIMBERLEY ANN GIROUX, KIMBERLEY NATASHA JOY LANE, KIMBERLY ANN LISSEL, KIRSTEN PATRICIA HALL, KRISTEN ALEXANDRA SOO, KRISTINE GRAVELLE, KYLE ROYCE STUPPLE, LANCE AARON STUART DIXON, LAURA PALMA HECIMOVIC, LAURA SUZANNE YKEMA, LILLIAM SCHULZ BECHARA, LINDA BENKAIOUCHE, LINDSAY VIRGINIA DAGENAIS, LISA JANE LAWR, LLOYD WILLIAM SWANSON, LOU ANN F. GOVEAS, LUC LAFLEUR, LUCAS BRETT REID, LUKE BEDROS-ZAVODNI, LYANE Y. GIROUX, LYNE JOSEE SURETTE, MANON TREMBLAY, MARC HENRY DOMINIQUE, MARIE BETHIE THIMOT, MARIE CLAIRE SONIA CARIGNAN, MARIE GENEVIEVE PIERRETTE BERGERON, MARIE NICOLE DOROTHÉE LISE HOUDE, MARIE-CLAUDE PAGÉ, MARIE-FRANCE LADOUCEUR, MARILYN DUFRESNE, MARK LAVAL JAEKL, MARTINE JOSEPH, MARVIN ROLANDO CASTILLO, MARY DEANNA THOMPSON, MARY ELLEN RENAUT, MARY NATALIE DAWN VELLENGA, MARY-ANN HUE, MATHIEU LEMAY, MATTHEW BRADEN CAPELL, MÉLISSA HÉLÈNE GAUTIER, MELISSA SHARON COOPER, MELISSA SUZANNE MARTIN, MERIEM MOKAIRITA-LAMSSAHHAL, MESLISSA RICCIARDELLI, MICHAEL ALBERTA FALCONE, MICHAEL DOUGLAS ANDERSON, MICHAEL ERIC LLOYD, MICHAEL STEVEN GENDRON, MICHAEL THEODORE SHOSTAK, MICHAL WALCZAK, MICHELLE LALANDE, MONA ABRAHAM KIAME, MONIQUE BRUYERE, MORGAN ANDREW WATTS, NADINE KASPICK, NANCY ANNE DUNPHY, NATASHA MARIE BUDY, NATHALIE LACROIX, NICHOLAS GUENETTE, NICQUES MWILAMBWE YUMBA, OLIVIA LOUISE JENKINSON, PABLO ROMAN DICONCA, PANAGIOTA STAPPAS, PASCAL JOSEPH RAPHAEL MUSACCHIO, PATRICK HILBORN, PATRICK T DAVIDSON, PAWEL JAN SZOPA, PIERRE-MARC CÔTÉ, RADOSLAW WERONSKI, RAELEEN GAY KERELIUK, RAIMONDI ROSEMARY AMALIA STEFANIA, REID HOWARD MILLER, RENÉE JOELLE THÉORÊT, RENEE LEEANN FLEURY, RIAN BROOKE BABINEAU, RICHARD KENNETH GABBEY, RICHARD MICHEL JOSEPH BARRETTE, ROBERT BRUCE COSMAN, ROBERT JOHANNAS DUECK, ROBERT MANDIC, ROBERT WEIR ROBSON, ROBY ELAINE MCKELVIE DUNN, ROLAND MICHAEL CHARBONNEAU, ROSEDORE GOTTFRIEDE KANITZ, ROXANNE MARIE JOHANNE EVE LANTHIER, ROXANNE ROBERTSON, RYAN LAWRENCE SCHIPPER, SABRINA MICHELLE CANTIN, SABRINA NICOLE FONTANA, SABRINE BARAKAT, SALINNA BRANDY LACHANCE, SALMA TMOULIK, SAMANTHA JOYCE CURTIS, SANDRA ANNE HALEY, SANDRA ELAINE WHITING, SARAH ABDULJABBAR ABDULLATIF ALDOSARY, SASA DANICIC, SCOTT FAST, SEAN MICHAEL RUSENSTROM, SÉBASTIEN PROST, SESHA RABIDEAU, SÉVERINE HUGUETTE PARNAUDEAU, SHELLEY HARVEY, SHELLY ANN THERIAULT, SHERIE DAWN CRAIK, SHRIKAN SHARMA, SISTINO PAOLO COLATOSTI, SONIA PARISIEN, STÉPHANE LEBLANC, STÉPHANE PARISIEN, STEPHANE ROBY JOSEPH DUBÉ, STEPHANIE CHARLENE MCCANN, STEPHEN HOWARD KELLY, STEVEN BOLDUC, STEVEN RACINE, SUZAN CHERIE MOTTL, SVETLANA SHACHKINA, SYLVI VERISSIMO, SZABOLCS PALL, TAMMY LYNN MYER, TANIA MICHAUD, TANJA DANICIC, THERESA GELDART, TIMOTHY JOHN HIEBERT, TRISTAN GRAVEL, TYLER MARK ALEXANDER BORG VÉRONIQUE SANTOS, WE SEONG LIM, WENDY DENNIS, YANNICK VEZINA, ZACHARY WILLIAM ANTHONY LINNICK

Appellants

and

ATTORNEY GENERAL OF CANADA

Respondent

Docket:

A-344-21

STYLE OF CAUSE:

ADAM WOJDAN ET AL. v. ATTORNEY GENERAL OF CANADA

PLACE OF HEARING:

BY ON LINE VIDEOCONFERENCE

DATE OF HEARING:

June 22, 2022

REASONS FOR JUDGMENT OF THE COURT BY:

BOIVIN J.A.

LASKIN J.A.

LEBLANC J.A.

DELIVERED FROM THE BENCH BY:

BOIVIN J.A.

Michael N. Bergman
Sarah Miles
Dan Romano

For The Appellants

Sharlene Telles-Langdon

Gregory Tzemenakis

Mariève Sirois-Vaillancourt

For The Respondent

Bergman & Associates

Westmount, Quebec

For The Appellants

A. François Daigle

Deputy Attorney General of Canada

For The Respondent