Date: 20050808
Docket: IMM-5904-04
Citation: 2005 FC 1074
BETWEEN:
DAHABO YONIS SALEH
Applicant(s)
and
THE MINISTER OF CITIZENSHIP AND IMMIGRATION
Respondent(s)
REASONS FOR ORDER
HUGHES J.
[1] This is an Application for judicial review of a decision of the Immigration and Refugee Board, Refugee Protection Division dated June 2, 2004, wherein the Applicant Dahabo Yonis Saleh (Saleh) was denied her application for protection as a refugee under the provisions of section 97 (1) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act S.C. 2001, c.27. The Board held that she was not a "person in need of protection" within the provisions of that section of the Act.
[2] The Applicant Saleh is a citizen of the Republic of Djibouti and was a resident of that country until her arrival in Canada via the United States of America and France on August 19, 2002 at which time she made an application for refugee status. In an interview conducted with an Immigration Officer, through a French/Somali interpreter on August 20, 2002, the Applicant Saleh gave the following answers to questions put to her by the Officer:
Q: Pourquoi avez-vous quitté votre pays?
R : Parce que le père de mon fiancé n'accepte pas notre relation et il a menacè de me faire arrêter si je continuais à fréquenter son fils.
Q : Que craignez-vous dans votre pays?
R : Le père de mon fiancé est un haut placé dans l'armée et il me fera arrêter par la police.
Q : Avez-vous porté plainte à la police concernant les menaces que vous avez reçues?
R : Non
Q : Comment se nomme cette homme qui vous menace?
R : Ibrahim Zakaria
Q : Et quel est le nom de votre fiancé?
R : Hussein Zakaria
Q : Pourquoi vous menace-t-il?
R : Je viens d'une tribu appelée Midgane et il n'accepte pas que son fils fréquente une fille de cette tribu. La famille de mon fiancé est assez riche.
Q : Est-ce la seule menace que vous ayez reçue?
R : Oui
¼
Q: Avez-vous d'autres craintes dans votre pays?
R : Non
Q: Craignez-vous pour votre sécuritédans votre pays?
R : Non
Q: Avez-vous peur de retourner dans votre pays?
R : Non
[3] A hearing was conducted before a Panel of the Immigration and Refugee Board on May 6, 2004 and a decision was made June 2, 2004 in which the Panel stated, inter alia:
Àmon avis, la demandeure d'asile n'a pas qualitéde réfugiée au sens de la Convention ni de personne à protéger. Pour rendre sa décision, le tribunal a pris en considération les directives de la présidente intitulées « Revendicatrices du statut de réfugiécraignant d'être persécutées en raison de leur sexe » .
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Le tribunal était prêt à souscrire au fait que la demandeure d'asile était d'origine ethnique midgane. Toutefois, tel que l'a mentionnéle conseil, ce n'est pas parce qu'elle est Midgane qu'elle est nécessairement victime de persécution ou que sa vie est menacée.
¼
Selon la prépondérance des probabilités, le tribunal est d'avis que la demandeure d'asile n'est pas un témoin crédible et digne de foi en ce qui concerne sa crainte de retourner au Djibouti.
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Le tribunal n'est pas convaincu que la demandeure d'asile a quittéle Djibouti en raison d'une menace à sa vie parce qu'elle entretenait une relation avec le fils du général Zakaria. Le tribunal n'est pas persuadéque la demandeure d'asile fait face à davantage qu'une simple possibilitéde persécution pour un des motifs de la Convention, ni à une possibilitésérieuse d'être personnellement exposée au risque d'être soumise à la torture, à une menace à sa vie ou au risque de traitements ou peines cruels et inusités si elle retourne au Djibouti.
[4] The Applicant Saleh raises, in this judicial review application, two principal arguments as to why the decision of the Board should be set aside:
1. Failure to give full and proper consideration to the "Gender Guidelines" published by the Board; and
2. Failure to take into account all of the relevant evidence and in particular whether there would be persecution that the Applicant would face in Djibouti as a woman, a member of Midgan minority, and without a male protector, which failure meant that the Board did not give due consideration to the risks that the Applicant would face if she returned to Djibouti.
[5] The Applicant also questioned findings based on certain points in evidence made by the Board, counsel for both parties agree that the standard of review to be applied by the Court is that of patent unreasonableness; the case often cited in that respect is Aguebor v. Canada (MCI), [1993] F.C.J. no 732 (FCA). Having considered these findings as raised by Applicant's counsel, I do not find that they are patently unreasonable and do not provide grounds for quashing the decision of the Board.
[6] Turning to the principal grounds raised by the Applicant Saleh, the first is whether the Board gave full and proper consideration to the "Gender Guidelines". There is no doubt that the Board did mention those Guidelines in its decision, the question is, did the Board give proper consideration to those Guidelines.
[7] The Guidelines do not have the force of Statute or even a Regulation they are an aid in the assessment of the evidence, particularly of women, who fear persecution. As Pelletier J (as he then was) said in Newton v. Canada (MCI), [2000] F.C.J. No. 738 at paragraph 17:
The Guidelines are an aid for the CRDD panel in the assessment of the evidence of women who allege that they have been victims of gender-based persecution. The Guidelines do not create new grounds for finding a person to be a victim of persecution. To that extent, the grounds remain the same, but the question becomes whether the panel was sensitive to the factors which may influence the testimony of women who have been the victims of persecution.
[8] Two particular Guidelines are of importance in this instance.
1. Women who fear persecution on the same Convention grounds, and in similar circumstances, as men. That is, the risk factor is not their sexual status, per se, but rather their particular identity (i.e. racial, national or social) or what they believe in, or are perceived to believe in (i.e. religion or political opinion). In such claims, the substantive analysis does not vary as a function of the person's gender, although the nature of the harm feared and procedural issues at the hearing may vary as a function of the claimant's gender.
¼
Race:
There may be cases where a woman claims a fear of persecution because of her race and her gender. For example, a woman from a minority race in her country may be persecuted not only for her race, but also for her gender.
[9] The attention to be paid to these Guidelines forms the basis of the Applicant's second principal ground of attack, the alleged failure of the Board to give full weight and consideration to the fact that the Applicant Saleh was a member of an oppressed minority, Midgan, a woman, and without adequate protection and that her evidence in this regard was not properly balanced against any nervousness or reluctance to give testimony.
[10] I do not find that these arguments put forward by the Applicant's counsel are borne out when reviewing the decision of the Board. The Board made no reviewable error in coming to the findings that it did.
[11] As to the Applicant's status as a Midgan the Board concluded, not unreasonably:
Tout cela incite le tribunal à conclure, selon la prépondérance des probabilités, que même si la demandeure d'asile était Midgane, elle s'était raisonnablement intégrée à la communautédjiboutienne.
[12] As to nervousness in giving testimony, the Board took this into account and did not unreasonably conclude:
Lorsqu'elle répondait aux questions au sujet de sa prétendue relation avec Houssein, le fils du général Zakaria, qui agissait comme l'un des animateurs au centre communautaire local, la demandeure d'asile n'a pu convaincre le tribunal qu'ils entretenaient des relations sérieuses, si pareilles relations existaient. Selon la prépondérance des probabilités, et même s'il tient compte de la nervositépossible, etc., de la demandeure d'asile, le tribunal est d'avis qu'elle était vague et imprécise au sujet de la façon dont ont éténouées ces prétendues relations sérieuses.
[13] As to need of protection or fear of persecution the Board did not unreasonably conclude:
Selon la prépondérance des probabilités, le tribunal est d'avis que la demandeure d'asile n'est pas un témoin crédible et digne de foi en ce qui concerne sa crainte de retourner au Djibouti.
Le tribunal n'est pas convaincu que la demandeure d'asile a quittéDjibouti en raison d'une menace à sa vie parce qu'elle entretenait une relation avec le fils du général Zakaria. Le tribunal n'est pas persuadéque la demandeure d'asile fait face à davantage qu'une simple possibilitéde persécution pour un des motifs de la Convention, ni à une possibilitésérieuse d'être personnellement exposée au risque d'être soumise à la torture, à une menace à sa vie ou au risque de traitements ou peines cruels et inusités si elle retourne au Djibouti.
[14] In this regard it is to be noted again that the Applicant answered when she was first interviewed upon entering Canada and claiming refugee status:
Q: Craignez-vous pour votre sécuritédans votre pays?
R : Non
[15] The Board did not fail to take the "Gender Guidelines" into account and did not act unreasonably in arriving at the findings that it made. There are no grounds upon which the decision may properly be set aside.
[16] Accordingly the application will be dismissed. Neither party has indicated that there is a question for certification for the Court of Appeal and none is found. There will be no order to costs.
"Roger T. Hughes"
FEDERAL COURT
NAME OF COUNSEL AND SOLICITORS OF RECORD
DOCKET: IMM-5904-04
STYLE OF CAUSE: Dhabo Yonis Saleh v. Minister of Citizenship and Immigration
PLACE OF HEARING: Ottawa, Ontario
DATE OF HEARING: Wednesday, August 3, 2005
REASONS FOR ORDER: The Honourable Mr. Justice Hughes
DATED: Monday, August 8, 2005
APPEARANCES:
Ms. Chantal Tie FOR THE APPLICANT(S)
Mr. Richard Casanova FOR THE RESPONDENT(S)
SOLICITORS OF RECORD:
Ms. Chantal Tie FOR THE APPLICANT(S)
South Ottawa Community Legal Services
Mr. Morris Rosenberg
Deputy Attorney General Canada FOR THE RESPONDENT(S)