REASONS FOR JUDGMENT
Lafleur J.
[1]
Mr. John Moerman (the “Appellant”) has appealed to this Court in respect of his 2012 taxation year.
In filing his income tax return for that year, he claimed a deduction under
paragraph 8(1)(c) of the Income Tax Act, R.S.C., 1985, c. 1
(5th supp.), as amended (the “Act”)
for a total amount of $12,612.05. By Notice of Confirmation dated June 25, 2014,
the Minister of National Revenue (the “Minister”) confirmed
the Reassessment dated October 18, 2013 whereby the Minister had allowed
only part of the deduction claimed ($10,000) in respect of remuneration
received from Alberta Health Services (“AHS”) in
the amount of $13,836.14. The Minister thereby had disallowed the deduction in
respect of the income received by the Appellant from John Moerman
Enterprises Ltd. (the “Corporation”) in the
amount of $24,000.
THE FACTS
[2]
At the hearing, the Appellant represented
himself. He testified, and also called 2 witnesses.
[3]
The Respondent did not call any witnesses.
[4]
The Appellant is a full‑time chaplain
responsible for the Chinook health region since January 1, 2007 (see
Exhibit A‑1, entitled “Announcement from the Alberta MB Pastors E‑Connection”).
[5]
I understand from the Appellant’s testimony
that, throughout the 2012 taxation year, the Appellant served Chinook Regional
Hospital and various other hospitals around Lethbridge (collectively, the “Hospitals”).
[6]
The Appellant was the sole chaplain and the sole
senior volunteer chaplain at the Hospitals.
[7]
In 2012, the Appellant had two sources of
income. One source was the remuneration paid by AHS; he received $13,836.14 as an
honorarium for his work as chaplain at the Hospitals for the 12‑month
period beginning on January 1, 2012 and ending on December 31, 2012.
The second source was the remuneration paid by the Corporation as employment
income; he received $24,000 (see Exhibit A‑2, “Copy of T4 slip
issued by the Corporation to the Appellant for the 2012 taxation year”).
[8]
The Corporation is owned by the Appellant and
his spouse. However, no documents were filed with the Court with respect to
their ownership, but that is not relevant for the purposes of this appeal.
[9]
During the 2012 taxation year, the Appellant was
the sole employee of the Corporation. The evidence shows that the Corporation
employed the Appellant to render chaplaincy services at the Hospitals. The
Appellant did not render any other services to the Corporation or to anyone
else. It is clear from the Appellant’s testimony that he served, on a full‑time
basis, as the sole chaplain of the Hospitals, serving the community at such
Hospitals. The Appellant did not render services to anyone else other than the
community at the Hospitals or in any other location than at the Hospitals.
[10]
The Appellant filed as Exhibit A‑4 copies
of record of hours of employment, indicating he had worked 31,157.37 hours over
a period of 15 years (including 2012); on average, that would amount to
2,077 hours per year.
[11]
The funding of the Chaplaincy program at the
Hospitals was shared by AHS and by Lethbridge churches and individual donors
through College Drive Community Church (“College Drive”).
[12]
The Appellant explained to the Court how the
funding of the Corporation was organized: College Drive would receive donations
from various churches and individual donors earmarked for the Chaplaincy
program at the Hospitals; College Drive, which had contracted the Corporation
to render the required chaplaincy services at the Hospitals, would then transfer
said amounts to the Corporation. With said funds, the Corporation would then
pay remuneration to the Appellant in respect of the services rendered as a
chaplain at the Hospitals. The sole objective of the donations made to College
Drive by the individual donors and churches was to fund the Chaplaincy program
at the Hospitals.
[13]
Each month, a payment was made by College Drive
to the Corporation, and at the end of the 2012 taxation year, the balance of
the funds in the account of College Drive was nil (see Exhibit A‑3 “Ledger Report from
College Drive for the period of January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2012”). The Corporation did not have any other sources of income during
the 2012 taxation year.
[14]
John Derksen, a professional agrologist
residing in Lethbridge, testified for the Appellant. He had donated some money
to College Drive over the years. He said that on the cheque issued to College
Drive for funds earmarked for the program, it is always specified: “Chaplaincy Program
at the hospital”, or words to that effect. John Derksen
confirmed that he had personally never been ministered to by the Appellant.
[15]
In addition, the Appellant’s accountant, Iain Mercer,
testified for the Appellant. He declared to the Court that he had prepared the
income tax return in issue (see Exhibit A‑5, “Form T1223 Clergy
residence deduction”). He confirmed to the Court
that an amount of $4,560, representing amounts claimed by the Corporation for
the accommodation was indicated on the form and may reduce the clergy residence
deduction under certain circumstances. However, in this case, there was no such
reduction.
THE ISSUE
[16]
Is the Appellant entitled to a deduction under paragraph 8(1)(c)
of the Act in respect of the remuneration received from the Corporation for
a total amount of $24,000 during the 2012 taxation year?
THE SUBMISSIONS OF THE
PARTIES
[17]
The Appellant submits that he is entitled to a
clergy residence deduction under paragraph 8(1)(c) of the Act
in respect of the remuneration received from the Corporation since his sole
duty is to perform the duties of chaplain at the Hospitals.
[18]
On the other hand, the Respondent submits that
the Appellant is not entitled to that deduction since the Appellant was not
performing the duties of a member of the clergy for the Corporation but was
performing this function for the churches and individuals to whom the
Corporation contracted its services. Therefore, the income received from the
Corporation was not income from qualifying employment for the purpose of
calculating the Appellant’s entitlement to the clergy residence deduction.
ANALYSIS
[19]
The relevant part of paragraph 8(1)(c)
of the Act reads as follows:
8(1) Deductions allowed — In
computing a taxpayer’s income for a taxation year from an office or employment,
there may be deducted such of the following amounts as are wholly applicable to
that source or such part of the following amounts as may reasonably be regarded
as applicable thereto:
. . .
(c) clergy
residence — where, in the year, the taxpayer
(i) is a member of
the clergy or of a religious order or a regular minister of a religious
denomination, and
(ii) is
(A) in charge of
a diocese, parish or congregation,
(B) ministering
to a diocese, parish or congregation, or
(C) engaged
exclusively in full-time administrative service by appointment of a religious
order or religious denomination,
the amount, not
exceeding the taxpayer’s remuneration for the year from the office or employment,
equal to
. . .
[20]
In order to be entitled to such a deduction, a
taxpayer must meet what are known as the “status test” (subparagraph 8(1)(c)(i)) and the “function test” (subparagraph 8(1)(c)(ii)). In the case under review,
both tests are met, since, during the 2012 taxation year, the Appellant was a
member of the clergy and was ministering to the congregation of the Hospitals.
The Respondent agreed that both tests are met.
[21]
However, the Respondent takes the position that
no deduction can be claimed by the Appellant in respect of his remuneration
received from the Corporation since the employment from the Corporation is not
a qualifying employment for that purposes. As I understand the Respondent’s
argument, it is assumed that the remuneration received from the Corporation is
not remuneration from a qualifying office or employment and therefore cannot be
included in the calculation under paragraph 8(1)(c) of the Act.
[22]
Therefore, I shall determine whether the total
remuneration of $24,000 received by the Appellant from the Corporation is from
a qualifying employment. Therefore, I need to determine whether the
remuneration received by the Appellant from the Corporation was remuneration
from the Appellant’s employment of rendering chaplaincy services to the community
at the Hospitals. In other words, whether the remuneration received by the
Appellant from the Corporation constituted remuneration for the Appellant’s
services as chaplain at the Hospitals.
[23]
I am of the view that the evidence shows
that the remuneration received by the Appellant from the Corporation was indeed
remuneration for his services as chaplain at the Hospitals and, consequently, that
the Appellant is entitled to the clergy residence deduction provided for in paragraph 8(1)(c)
of the Act for the 2012 taxation year in respect of his employment with
the Corporation for the reasons mentioned below. The Appellant has succeeded in
demolishing many assumptions relied upon by the Minister in issuing the
reassessment under appeal, and no evidence was given by the Respondent to
support the reassessment.
[24]
I set out the relevant assumptions
pertaining to the case argued before me by counsel for the Respondent. The
Minister assumed in assessing the Appellant that the Corporation contracted with
churches and individuals in Lethbridge to render ministering services.
Furthermore, the Minister assumed that the Appellant performed chaplain duties
to the churches and individual donors on behalf of the Corporation. In
addition, I note from the Reply that the Minister assumed that the
Corporation was paid by the churches and individuals for the ministering
services rendered by the Appellant. Furthermore, the Minister assumed that the
churches and individuals paid the Corporation from funding administered through
College Drive. Finally with regards to the assumptions, I note that the
Minister assumed that the Appellant did not receive any remuneration from the
churches and individual donors to whom he rendered ministering services.
[25]
The Appellant’s testimony shows that the
Appellant rendered chaplaincy services to the community found at the Hospitals
and not to the churches and various individuals who donated money to College
Drive. John Derksen very clearly said that he had never received any ministering
services from the Appellant. In addition, the Appellant established that he
rendered on a full‑time basis chaplaincy services at the Hospitals. No
other minister participated in the Chaplaincy program at the Hospitals.
Furthermore, he showed the Court (Exhibit A‑4) that, on the average,
he was rendering services at the Hospitals 2,077 hours per year.
[26]
The Appellant explained clearly to the Court
that College Drive contracted with the Corporation to render chaplaincy
services at the Hospitals; the Corporation did not contract with the individual
donors or with the churches to render ministering services to them. As
mentioned above, the testimony of the Appellant was credible and I have no
ground not to believe him. The Appellant established to my satisfaction how the
funding of the Corporation was organized.
[27]
As mentioned above, it is clear to me that the
purpose of the donation made by the individual donors to College Drive was to
fund the Chaplaincy program at the Hospitals. John Derksen’s testimony
confirmed that it was clear to him that, when he donated money to College
Drive, it would be earmarked for the Chaplaincy program at the Hospitals.
Again, as mentioned above, no contradictory evidence was put forward by the
Respondent in that respect. I infer that such was the reason motivating the
various churches who donated money to College Drive. It is clear from the
Appellant’s testimony that all his time was devoted to the provision of
chaplaincy services at the Hospitals and he was not involved in ministering to
various churches.
[28]
From the evidence before me and as mentioned
above, the Appellant did not render any ministering services to the churches
and individual donors; he spent all his time ministering to the community found
at the Hospitals. I cannot find that, in so doing, the Appellant was also
rendering ministering services to the various churches and individual donors
who provided funding for the Hospitals’ Chaplaincy program. The Appellant was
employed by the Corporation to render chaplaincy services to the Hospitals.
That this might have reflected the wishes of donors to College Drive does not
lead me to find that the Appellant was rendering ministering services to those
donors. The Appellant has demolished the assumption that such a relationship between
him and the donors existed.
[29]
Furthermore, I note that notwithstanding
who actually pays remuneration, that remuneration can still derive from a
qualifying employment. In Canada (National Revenue) v. Conseil central des
syndicats nationaux du Saguenay/Lac St-Jean, 2009 FCA 375, 2010 DTC 5038,
Noël J.A. (as he then was) concluded that the fact that an employer was
paying remuneration to its employees for their activities as union officials
during their union leaves did not change the nature of the amount received from
remuneration in respect of their duties as union officials:
[40] With
respect, that the union officials are not entitled to this remuneration under
any contractual relationship or any central council constitution or by‑laws
is immaterial. The only issue is whether the union officials were paid for
their activities as union officers during their union leave (on this point, see
Justice Lamarre Proulx’s decision in Duguay v. Canada,
[2000] T.C.J. No. 381 (QL) at paragraph 37, where she identifies
this issue in the same way in a comparable context).
[41] In my
humble opinion, the answer is evident. The union officials received their full
salaries and all of the fringe benefits set out in their collective agreement,
despite the fact that they performed no services for their regular employers.
The regular employers were reimbursed by the respective unions, and the cost of
this remuneration was ultimately borne by the central councils. Only the
services that the union officials rendered as in that capacity can explain why
they received their usual remuneration during their union leave, and only the
fact that the regular employers were reimbursed explains why they agreed to pay
the remuneration even though they received no services.
[42] That
the remuneration was paid through the regular employer does not change the
analysis. Contrary to the submissions of counsel for the respondents, this is
not a case of recharacterization of the legal relationships between the parties
(Shell, above, para. 39) but, rather, of recognizing these
relationships for what they are. It is clear that the regular employers were
acting on behalf of the respective unions and, ultimately, the central councils
when they agreed to remunerate the union officials during their union leave.
[43] Based
on this analysis, the TCC judge’s finding that the union officials were acting
as volunteers is unfounded and even contrary to the evidence. A volunteer acts
[TRANSLATION] “voluntarily and without pay” (Le Petit Robert, French
language dictionary). However, the evidence shows that, once elected, the union
officials undertook to assume the powers and duties associated with their union
positions (union constitution and by‑laws, appeal book, Vol. I, pp. 254
and 268), for which they were entitled to their usual remuneration. This is not
volunteering.
[30]
In this case, I do not have to address the
question whether the Corporation was providing benefits to the Appellant in
respect of his employment at the Hospitals such that it might not be remuneration
according to the doctrine propounded by the Court of Appeal in The Queen v.
Blanchard, 95 DTC 5479, [1995] 2 CTC 262, at
paragraph 2. I am satisfied that the amounts in question were
remuneration in respect of the Appellant’s employment with the Corporation.
Furthermore, the Appellant was employed by the Corporation to render the
aforementioned chaplaincy services to the Hospitals.
[31]
The evidence shows clearly that the Appellant
received remuneration from the Corporation for his services as chaplain at the
Hospitals. The Appellant did not render any other services to the Corporation
itself. There are no other reasons for the payment of the remuneration by the
Corporation to the Appellant. The evidence shows that College Drive contracted
with the Corporation for the delivery of chaplaincy services to the Hospitals.
The Corporation then employed the Appellant in order to render such services to
the Hospitals. It is clear that the Appellant was paid by the Corporation in
consideration of the chaplaincy services rendered at the Hospitals. It is also
clear from the evidence that the Appellant did not render any ministering
services to the individual donors or churches who gave money to College Drive.
[32]
For all these reasons, I rule that the
employment of the Appellant by the Corporation constitutes qualifying
employment for the purposes of paragraph 8(1)(c) of the Act and
the appeal is allowed, without costs, and the matter is
referred back to the Minister of National Revenue for reconsideration and
reassessment.
Signed at Ottawa, Canada, this 26th day of November 2015.
“Dominique Lafleur”
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