Citation: 2008TCC164
Date: 20080414
Docket: 2007-3176(IT)I
BETWEEN:
DENISE BONIN,
Appellant,
and
HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN,
Respondent.
[OFFICIAL ENGLISH
TRANSLATION]
REASONS FOR JUDGMENT
Bédard J.
[1]
The Minister of
National Revenue (the "Minister") added the sums of $3,460, $3,900
and $2,775 to the Appellant's income for the 2003, 2004 and 2005 taxation years
respectively as support amounts, in accordance with paragraph 56(1)(b)
of the Income Tax Act (the "Act"). The appeal from this
decision alleges that the Appellant and her ex-husband had come to a verbal agreement
that, starting in 1998, they would neither report nor deduct the payments of
the support amount for tax purposes.
[2]
At the hearing, all the
assumptions of fact on which the Minister had relied in making the assessments
appealed were admitted. They read as follows:
[TRANSLATION]
[…]
(a)
the Appellant and Claude Ouellette married on
June 21, 1986;
(b)
a child, Marie-Ève, was born to the Appellant
and Claude Ouellette on May 4, 1987;
(c)
on March 28, 1991, the Appellant and Claude
Ouellette were granted a divorce effective on the thirty-first day following
the date of the decree;
(d)
as a result of the decree dated March 28, 1991, by
the Honourable Justice Nicole Moreau of the Superior Court of Quebec granting the
Appellant and Claude Ouellette a divorce, Madam Justice Moreau ordered Mr.
Ouellette, among other things, to pay the Appellant a support amount of $100 a
week for the child, Marie-Ève;
(e)
in a judgment rendered on January 12, 2007, on a
motion to have arrears of the support amount for the child, Marie-Ève,
cancelled, the Honourable Justice Marie-Christine Laberge of the Superior Court
of Quebec accepted, based on the testimony of the parties, that the said
parties had expressed their wish in a mutual verbal agreement apparently arrived
at in 1998 to have the new tax treatment rules for support payments apply to
them;
(f)
in a judgment rendered on January 12, 2007, on a
motion to have arrears of the support amount for the child, Marie-Ève,
cancelled, the Honourable Justice Marie-Christine Laberge of the Superior Court of Quebec calculated that Mr. Ouellette had
paid the Appellant $3,640, $3,900 and $2,775 in support for the child, Marie-Ève,
for the 2003, 2004 and 2005 taxation years respectively;
(g)
the Appellant and Claude Ouellette did not elect
to have the measures that would render payments of the support amount under the
divorce decree dated March 28, 1991, non-reportable and non-deductible for tax
purposes apply to them by filing form T1157;
(h)
the Appellant and Claude Ouellette did not submit
any written agreement to the Minister to render the support amount non-reportable
and non-deductible for tax purposes as of a specific commencement date.
[3]
At the hearing, no
witnesses were heard and all that was introduced into evidence, as A-1, was a
copy of the Quebec Superior Court judgment dated January 12, 2007, and
transcript of the judgment delivered from the bench (the "judgment").
Appellant's position
[4]
The Appellant's
position according to counsel's written submissions is as follows:
[TRANSLATION]
1.
A first ruling was made in this case when a
divorce decree in 1991 ordered Claude Ouellette, the support payer, to pay a support
amount of $100 a week for his child, Marie-Ève;
2.
According to the rules at that time, this support
amount was subject to taxation and, consequently, could be reported as a
deduction by the payer and had to be reported as income by the creditor of the
support, the Appellant;
3.
Following the coming into force in May 1997 of the
new legislation that ended the reporting and deduction of child support amounts
for tax purposes, the Appellant and her spouse, Claude Ouellette, came to an agreement
that, starting in 1998, the child support amount payable by Claude Ouellette for
his child, Marie-Ève, would be reduced to $50 per week and, as a consequence,
the parties would neither report nor deduct the support amount for tax purposes;
4.
Obviously, the parties did not report their
agreement to the Department of Revenue at that time or obtain an order at the
time to attest to the termination of the reporting and deduction of the child
support amount for tax purposes;
5.
However, at the hearing, the Appellant, through
her counsel, filed the transcripts of the judgment rendered on January 12,
2007, by the Honourable Justice Marie-Christine Laberge, JSC, in which, at
paragraph 10, the Superior Court officially acknowledged the parties' agreement,
effective in 1998, to terminate the reporting and deduction for tax purposes of
the said child support amount payable by Claude Ouellette to the Appellant for
Marie-Ève;
6.
The Honourable Justice Laberge, JSC, also noted at
paragraph 11 of that judgment that [TRANSLATION] "the Court also finds
that, in regard to child support amounts, the parents may not waive support
amounts, as this is a matter of children's rights";
7.
Accordingly, the Honourable Justice Laberge deemed
that she had full jurisdiction to retroactively set the amount of non-taxable,
non-deductible child support that should be payable by the support payer, Claude
Ouellette, starting in 1998;
8.
Might it be deemed, then, that this order by the
Superior Court was binding on the Department of Revenue with respect to the tax
treatment agreement;
9.
We very respectfully submit that the answer to
that question is provided by the following provisions of the Act, that is, the
definition of "commencement day at any time of an agreement or order",
subparagraph (b)(ii), which reads:
(ii) where the agreement or order is varied after April
1997 to change the child support amounts payable to the recipient, the day on
which the first payment of the varied amount is required to be made.
10.
The Honourable Justice Laberge's order
recognizes that the varied amounts were first paid at the start of 1998 and continued
to be paid until the Honourable Justice Laberge cancelled the said child
support amount for the child, Marie-Ève, deeming the child to have become
self-sufficient;
11.
Moreover, under subparagraph 56(3)(b),
the Act creates presumptions as to what must be deemed to have been paid and
received under an agreement or order as follows:
b) the agreement or order is deemed, except
for the purpose of this subsection, to have been made on the day on which the
first such amount was received, except that, where the agreement or order is
made after April 1997 and varies a child support amount payable to the
recipient from the last such amount received by the recipient before May 1997,
each varied amount of child support received under the agreement or order is
deemed to have been receivable under an agreement or order the commencement day
of which is the day on which the first payment of the varied amount is required
to be made.
12.
For all of these reasons, we consider that the
appeal of the Appellant must be allowed in accordance with the order of the
Honourable Justice Marie-Christine Laberge, JSC, dated January 22 [sic],
2007;
13.
Otherwise, the Appellant would be forced to
return before the Superior Court to have the child support amount reset so that
the varied child support amount to which the parties agreed could be excluded
from reporting and deduction for tax purposes retroactively to 1998;
[…]
[5]
The relevant provisions
with respect to support amounts to be included in income for a given year are
as follows:
Section 56
Amounts to be included in income for year
56. (1) Without
restricting the generality of section 3, there shall be included in computing
the income of a taxpayer for a taxation year,
Support
56(1)(b) the total of all
amounts each of which is an amount determined by the formula
A - (B + C)
where
A is the total of all
amounts each of which is a support amount received after 1996 and before the
end of the year by the taxpayer from a particular person where the taxpayer and
the particular person were living separate and apart at the time the amount was
received,
B is the total of all
amounts each of which is a child support amount that became receivable
by the taxpayer from the particular person under an agreement or
order on or after its commencement day and before the end of the year in
respect of a period that began on or after its commencement day, and
C is the total of all
amounts each of which is a support amount received after 1996 by the taxpayer
from the particular person and included in the taxpayer’s income for a
preceding taxation year;
Section 56.1
[…]
Definitions
56.1(4) The definitions in this
subsection apply in this section and section 56.
"commencement
day"
"commencement
day" at any time of an agreement or order means
(a) where the agreement or order is made after April 1997,
the day it is made; and
(b) where
the agreement or order is made before May 1997, the day, if any, that is after
April 1997 and is the earliest of
(i) the day specified as the
commencement day of the agreement or order by the payer and recipient under the
agreement or order in a joint election filed with the Minister in prescribed
form and manner,
(ii) where the agreement
or order is varied after April 1997 to change the child support amounts
payable to the recipient, the day on which the first payment of
the varied amount is required to be made,
(iii) where a subsequent
agreement or order is made after April 1997, the effect of which is to
change the total child support amounts payable to the recipient by the
payer, the commencement day of the first such subsequent agreement or order,
and
(iv) the day specified in the
agreement or order, or any variation thereof, as the commencement day of the
agreement or order for the purposes of this Act.
"support
amount"
"support
amount" means an amount payable or receivable as an allowance on a
periodic basis for the maintenance of the recipient, children of the recipient
or both the recipient and children of the recipient, if the recipient has
discretion as to the use of the amount, and
(a) the recipient
is the spouse or common-law partner or former spouse or common-law partner of
the payer, the recipient and payer are living separate and apart because of the
breakdown of their marriage or common-law partnership and the amount is
receivable under an order of a competent tribunal or under a written
agreement; or
(b) the payer is
a legal parent of a child of the recipient and the amount is receivable
under an order made by a competent tribunal in accordance with the laws of
a province.
"child support
amount"
"child support
amount" means any support amount that is not identified in the
agreement or order under which it is receivable as being solely for the support
of a recipient who is a spouse or common-law partner or former spouse or
common-law partner of the payer or who is a parent of a child of whom the payer
is a legal parent.
(Emphasis added.)
[6]
The relevant
legislative provisions make it clear that a support amount cannot exist within
the meaning of the Act without a written agreement or an order of a competent
tribunal. In this case, Mr. Ouellette's support-payment obligation for
Marie-Ève was created by a divorce decree in 1991. The subsequent agreement
between the parties, if it existed, was a verbal agreement and, as such, could
not lead to the application of the taxation treatment for support amounts
instituted in 1997 whereby child support amounts paid are neither taxable nor deductible
for tax purposes.
[7]
In regard to the
judgment, since it was made after April 1997, what must be determined is
whether it creates a commencement day within the meaning of paragraph 56(1)(b)
of the Act, and more specifically under subparagraphs (ii) and (iii), which in the
Court's view are the only ones that could lead to an interpretation problem.
[8]
An analysis of
subparagraphs 56.1(4)(b)(ii) and (iii) of the Act leads the Court to
conclude that the Appellant must establish that the judgment (1) varied the
child support amount payable to the recipient, or (2) changed the total child
support amounts payable to the recipient. The judgment, it must be remembered,
was on a motion to have the child support amount cancelled, not varied. Subparagraphs (ii)
and (iii) thus cannot apply, as there is no order in this case that varies
or changes the child support amount set under the judgment. Even if the
terms cancellation and variation were to be considered synonymous,
there would still be no commencement day in the Court's view since, as a result
of the judgment, there is no longer a varied amount payable to the
recipient. In fact, the use of the expressions "payment of the varied amount […] to be made" and
"total […] support amounts payable" in the definition of
"commencement day" implies that the support requirement must exist
beyond the pronouncement of
the judgment (in this case, January 12, 2007) in order for a commencement date
to be set. In this case, since Mr. Ouellette's obligation to pay a given
child support amount has been extinguished, the judgment in the Court's view
has no "commencement date" within the meaning of the Act.
[9]
The Court would add
that it is unable to accept the Appellant's contentions, for the following
reasons:
(1)
Contrary to what
counsel for the Appellant stated in paragraph 3 of his written submissions, the
Court considers that the Appellant failed to prove that there was a support
amount of $50 a week. In fact, the transcript of the judgment is silent in this
regard. What the transcript does show is that the matter was disputed and conflicting
information was given in the testimony. Finally, during the years concerned,
the Appellant received $3,640, $3,900 and $2,775 (for six months) in support
amounts, meaning she received more than $50 a week.
(2)
Contrary to what
counsel for the Appellant argued, the Court does not find that the Superior
Court set the support amount retroactively to 1998, for the following reasons:
(i)
the disposition of the
judgment is silent in this regard;
(ii)
the amounts the
Superior Court deemed payable, after adjustments, ranged from $3,650 to
$5,179 a year; if the court had indeed set the support amount at $50 a week on
a retroactive basis, the amount payable by Mr. Ouellette would have been
$2,600 a year;
(iii)
if the support amount
set had been retroactive to 1998, the Superior Court would not have had to
compute the arrears;
(iv)
at paragraph 3 of the
judgment transcript, the Superior Court, finding that Mr. Ouellette had
defaulted on the payment of the support amount of $100 a week provided for in
the divorce decree of 1991, stated:
[TRANSLATION]
There is no useful purpose to be served in going
back and analyzing this period, which is now barred.
(3)
Finally, the Court finds
that paragraph 56.1(3)(b) of the Act cannot be given application, in
view of the lack in this case of an "order of a competent tribunal made at
any time in a taxation year [that] provides that an amount received before that
time and in the year or the preceding taxation year is to be considered to have
been paid and received thereunder", as required under subsection 56.1(3) of
the Act.
[10]
For these reasons, the
appeal is dismissed.
Signed at Ottawa, Canada, this 14th day of April 2008.
"Paul Bédard"
Translation
certified true
on this 21st day
of May 2008.
Carole Chamberlin,
Translator
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