Citation: 2010 TCC 210
Date: 20100419
Docket: 2008-3894(IT)I
BETWEEN:
CONNIE SHAW,
Appellant,
and
HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN,
Respondent.
REASONS FOR JUDGMENT
Woods J.
[1] The question to be decided is whether the appellant,
Ms. Connie Shaw, is entitled to the clergy residence deduction that is provided
for in paragraph 8(1)(c) of the Income Tax Act. The relevant
assessments are for the 2005 and 2006 taxation years.
[2] Ms. Shaw claimed clergy residence deductions in the
amounts of $10,148 and $10,383 for the 2005 and 2006 taxation years,
respectively. The deductions were disallowed in their entirety.
Background facts
[3] None of the relevant facts are in dispute.
[4] For many
years, Ms. Shaw has been employed by the Province of
Ontario as a chaplain at the Guelph Correctional Centre.
[5] Since 2002, Ms. Shaw has been on extended sick-leave and
is receiving benefits from The Great West Life Assurance Company under her
employer’s wage replacement plan.
[6] Under the
terms of the plan, contributions are made
equally by the employer and employee, provided that during periods of illness
only employer contributions are made.
[7] Benefits received under the plan in excess of
contributions made are required to be included in computing income from
employment pursuant to paragraph 6(1)(f) of the Act. The amounts
that were included in Ms. Shaw’s income are $29,856 and $30,444 for 2005 and
2006, respectively.
Discussion
[8] The clergy residence deduction in paragraph 8(1)(c)
of the Act is reproduced below.
8(1) In computing a
taxpayer's income for a taxation year from an office or employment, there may
be deducted such of the following amounts as are wholly applicable to that
source or such part of the following amounts as may reasonably be regarded as
applicable thereto:
[…]
(c) where, in the year, the taxpayer
(i) is a member of the clergy or of a
religious order or a regular minister of a religious denomination, and
(ii) is
(A) in charge of a diocese, parish or
congregation,
(B) ministering to a diocese, parish or
congregation, or
(C) engaged exclusively in full-time
administrative service by appointment of a religious order or religious
denomination,
the amount, not exceeding the taxpayer's remuneration
for the year from the office or employment, equal to
(iii) the total of all amounts including
amounts in respect of utilities, included in computing the taxpayer's income
for the year under section 6 in respect of the residence or other living
accommodation occupied by the taxpayer in the course of, or because of, the
taxpayer's office or employment as such a member or minister so in charge of or
ministering to a diocese, parish or congregation, or so engaged in such administrative
service, or
(iv) rent and utilities paid by the taxpayer
for the taxpayer's principal place of residence (or other principal living
accommodation), ordinarily occupied during the year by the taxpayer, or the
fair rental value of such a residence (or other living accommodation),
including utilities, owned by the taxpayer or the taxpayer's spouse or
common-law partner, not exceeding the lesser of
(A) the greater of
(I) $1,000 multiplied by the number of months
(to a maximum of ten) in the year, during which the taxpayer is a person
described in subparagraphs (i) and (ii), and
(II) one-third of the taxpayer's remuneration
for the year from the office or employment, and
(B) the amount, if any, by which
(I) the rent paid or the fair rental value of
the residence or living accommodation, including utilities
exceeds
(II) the total of all amounts each of which
is an amount deducted, in connection with the same accommodation or residence,
in computing an individual's income for the year from an office or employment
or from a business (other than an amount deducted under this paragraph by the taxpayer),
to the extent that the amount can reasonably be considered to relate to the
period, or a portion of the period, in respect of which an amount is claimed by
the taxpayer under this paragraph;
(Emphasis
added)
[9] The
emphasized phrase above is the only part of the provision that is being
challenged by the respondent. It provides that the deduction is limited to the taxpayer’s remuneration for the year
from the office or employment.
[10] The question to be decided is whether the income
received by Ms. Shaw from the wage replacement plan is remuneration for this
purpose.
[11] Before
considering this issue, I would briefly comment concerning the requirement in clause (ii). Counsel for the
respondent stated at the opening of the hearing that this was not being
disputed because the issue was not clearly mentioned in the reply. Reference
was made to my recent decision in Fraser v. The Queen, 2010 TCC 23.
Counsel emphasized that the respondent was not conceding that the requirement
in that clause had actually been satisfied.
[12] As for the main issue, counsel for the respondent
submits that the benefits received by the appellant from the wage replacement
plan do not have the character of remuneration, even though they are income
from employment by virtue of paragraph 6(1)(f).
[13] In my view, it is not appropriate to give the term
“remuneration” such a restrictive interpretation in the context of s. 8(1)(c).
[14] The
narrow focus of paragraph 8(1)(c)
is the clergy. The apparent object of the provision is to provide this group
with tax assistance related to housing. It seems unlikely that Parliament would
wish to provide such assistance to clergy who are healthy, and yet deny the
assistance to clergy who are ill. I would be loath to accept the respondent’s
position unless the legislation clearly provides for this result.
[15] The term “remuneration” is not defined in the Act.
According to dictionary definitions, it appears to have a very broad meaning of
payment for services. The following is from The Shorter Oxford English
Dictionary, 3rd ed.:
1. To repay, requite, make some return for
(services, etc.)
2. To reward (a person); to pay
(a person) for services rendered or work done.
[16] Given the breadth of the definition, it could include
benefits provided by an employer, including income from a wage replacement
plan. Considering the object of s. 8(1)(c), it makes sense to give the
term a reasonably broad interpretation.
[17] Counsel for the respondent referred me to the decision
of Blauer v. The Queen, 2007 TCC 706, 2008 DTC 2409. In that case,
Hershfield J. concluded that benefits paid out of a disability plan to a
non-resident were not taxable as they were not income from “duties … performed”
for purposes of s. 115(1)(a)(i) of the Act.
[18] In my view, the Blauer decision is
distinguishable because of the different statutory language, and the context
and object of the legislation at issue.
[19] In the context of s. 115(1)(a)(i), it is
appropriate to require a link between specific duties and the particular income
at issue because the provision aims to limit taxation to income earned in Canada.
[20] In my view, Justice Hershfield’s decision does not
imply that there is no connection between income from a disability plan and
services provided. Clearly there is some connection because the benefits are
provided as part of the employment contract.
[21] For these reasons, I conclude that the income received
by the appellant from the wage replacement plan is remuneration for purposes of
s. 8(1)(c).
[22] The appeal will be allowed on this basis. The
appellant will be entitled to her costs, if any, in accordance with the tariff.
Signed at Toronto, Ontario this 19th day of April 2010.
“J. M. Woods”
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