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" His reason for so concluding was that the liability created by subsection 227.1(1) was not absolute and if, through their personal conduct in connection with the company's failure to remit, the directors had exercised the degree of care, diligence and skill required to satisfy subsection 227.1(3), they were exempted from liability. [48]      Couture C.J.T.C.C. appears to have approached subsection 227.1(3) by asking whether the taxpayers had, in a broad sense, acted honestly and responsibly when faced with a difficult situation, and when the assignment to the bank of their accounts receivable had further restricted their ability to remit source deductions. ...

It is in that context that the Supreme Court held that other transactions entered into by the taxpayer in connection with the borrowing of funds were not relevant in determining the use to which the borrowed funds were put ...

In my view, this term does no more than refer to a practical approach for determining certain questions that arise in connection with "trading cases" but there is no principle of law that is represented by this tag. ...

Connection between a Forfeiture and a Declaration [23]            One of the objects of the Act is to require the reporting of suspicious financial transactions and of cross-border movements of currency and monetary instruments (subparagraph 3(a)(ii)). ...

(my emphasis) [33]            The connection with commerce, trade, and the economy must be stronger than the mere consumption of a Canadian product across the United States border. ...

BETWEEN:                                                     HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN                                                                                                                                                   Appellant                                                                               and                                             SOCIÉTÉ DES ALCOOLS DU QUÉBEC                                                                                                                                              Respondent                                                     REASONS FOR JUDGMENT NOËL J.A. [1]                 This is an appeal from a judgment of Lemieux J. of the Trial Division ([2001] 1 F.C. 386) in which he concluded that paragraph 3(h) of the Federal Sales Tax Inventory Rebate Regulations, SOR/91-52 (hereinafter the Regulations) is ultra vires the powers conferred on the Minister of Finance by section 120 of the Act to amend the Excise Tax Act, S.C. 1990, c. 45 (hereinafter the Act). [2]                 In that judgment, the Trial Judge vacated two notices of determination, which limited the rebate claimed by the respondent to a total of $5,068,481.64 and held that the respondent was entitled to receive an additional $7,139,904.17, thereby authorizing a full rebate of the amounts that had been claimed. [3]                 This case arose in connection with the elimination of the former federal sales tax and the introduction, starting on January 1, 1991, of the goods and services tax. ...

This section provides that: 94.1 (1) If in a taxation year a taxpayer holds or has an interest in property (referred to in this section as an “offshore investment fund property”) 94.1 (1) Lorsque, au cours d’une année d’imposition, un contribuable détient un bien ou a un droit sur un bien (appelé « bien d’un fonds de placement non-résident » au présent article) qui répond aux conditions suivantes: (a) that is a share of the capital stock of, an interest in, or a debt of, a non-resident entity (other than a controlled foreign affiliate of the taxpayer or a prescribed non-resident entity) or an interest in or a right or option to acquire such a share, interest or debt, and a) il est une action du capital-actions d’une entité non-résidente (autre qu’une société étrangère affiliée contrôlée du contribuable ou une entité non-résidente visée par règlement) ou une participation dans une tell entité, ou une créance sur elle, ou un droit sur une telle action, participation ou créance ou un droit ou une option d’achat d’une telle action, participation ou créance; (b) that may reasonably be considered to derive its value, directly or indirectly, primarily from portfolio investments of that or any other non-resident entity in b) sa valeur peut raisonnablement être considérée comme découlant principalement, directement ou indirectement, de placements de portefeuille de cette même entité ou de toute autre entité non-résidente: (i) shares of the capital stock of one or more corporations, (i) en actions du capital-actions d’une ou de plusieurs sociétés, (ii) indebtedness or annuities, (ii) en créances ou en rentes, (iii) interests in one or more corporations, trusts, partnerships, organizations, funds or entities, (iii) en participations dans un ou plusieurs fonds ou organismes ou dans une ou plusieurs sociétés, fiducies, sociétés de personnes ou entités, (iv) commodities, (iv) en marchandises, (v) real estate, (v) en biens immeubles, (vi) Canadian or foreign resource properties, (vi) en avoirs miniers canadiens ou étrangers, (vii) currency of a country other than Canada, (vii) en monnaie autre que la monnaie canadienne, (viii) rights or options to acquire or dispose of any of the foregoing, or (viii) en droits ou options d’achat ou de disposition de l’une des valeurs qui précèdent, (ix) any combination of the foregoing, (ix) en toute combinaison de ce qui précède, and it may reasonably be concluded, having regard to all the circumstances, including et que l’on peut raisonnablement conclure, compte tenu des circonstances, y compris: (c) the nature, organization and operation of any non-resident entity and the form of, and the terms and conditions governing, the taxpayer’s interest in, or connection with, any non-resident entity, c) la nature, l’organisation et les activités de toute entité non-résidente, ainsi que les formalités et les conditions régissant la participation du contribuable dans toute entité non-résidente ou les liens qu’il a avec une telle entité; (d) the extent to which any income, profits and gains that may reasonably be considered to be earned or accrued, whether directly or indirectly, for the benefit of any non-resident entity are subject to an income or profits tax that is significantly less than the income tax that would be applicable to such income, profits and gains if they were earned directly by the taxpayer, and d) la mesure dans laquelle les revenus, bénéfices et gains qu’il est raisonnable de considérer comme ayant été gagnés ou accumulés, directement ou indirectement, au profit de toute entité non-résidente sont assujettis à un impôt sur le revenu ou sur les bénéfices qui est considérablement moins élevé que l’impôt sur le revenu dont ces revenus, bénéfices et gains seraient frappés s’ils étaient gagnés directement par le contribuable; (e) the extent to which the income, profits and gains of any non-resident entity for any fiscal period are distributed in that or the immediately following fiscal period, e) la mesure dans laquelle les revenus, bénéfices et gains de toute entité non-résidente pour un exercice donné sont distribués au cours de ce même exercice ou de celui qui le suit, that one of the main reasons for the taxpayer acquiring, holding or having the interest in such property was to derive a benefit from portfolio investments in assets described in any of subparagraphs 94.1(1)(b)(i) to 94.1(1)(b)(ix) in such a manner that the taxes, if any, on the income, profits and gains from such assets for any particular year are significantly less than the tax that would have been applicable under this Part if the income, profits and gains had been earned directly by the taxpayer, there shall be included in computing the taxpayer’s income for the year the amount, if any, by which que l’une des raisons principales pour le contribuable d’acquérir, de détenir ou de posséder un droit sur un tel bien était de tirer un bénéfice de placements de portefeuille dans des biens visés à l’un des sous-alinéas b) (i) à (ix) de façon que les impôts sur les revenus, bénéfices et gains provenant de ces biens pour une année donnée soient considérablement moins élevés que l’impôt dont ces revenus, bénéfices et gains auraient été frappés en vertu de la présente partie s’ils avaient été gagnés directement par le contribuable, celui-ci doit inclure dans le calcul de son revenu pour l’année l’excédent éventuel du total visé à l’alinéa f) sur le montant visé à l’alinéa g): (f) the total of all amounts each of which is the product obtained when f) le total des montants dont chacun est le produit de la multiplication du montant visé au sous-alinéa (i) par le quotient visé au sous-alinéa (ii): (i) the designated cost to the taxpayer of the offshore investment fund property at the end of a month in the year is multiplied by (i) le coût désigné, pour le contribuable, du bien d’un fonds de placement non-résident à la fin d’un mois donné de l’année, (ii) 1/12 of the total of (ii) 1/12 du total des pourcentages suivants: (A) the prescribed rate of interest for the period that includes that month, and (A) le taux d’intérêt prescrit pour la période comprenant ce mois, (B) two per cent exceeds (B) deux pour cent; (g) the taxpayer’s income for the year (other than a capital gain) from the offshore investment fund property determined without reference to this subsection. g) le revenu du contribuable pour l’année (autre qu’un gain en capital) tiré d’un bien d’un fonds de placement non-résident et déterminé compte non tenu du présent paragraphe. [62]            The first question posed by the Remaining Appellants is essentially whether section 94.1 of the Act can apply if the Remaining Appellants do not have a direct or indirect proprietary or security interest in the investment portfolio. ...

Finally, while this passage suggests that the Federal Court “might” not be able to consider a proceeding founded on “the Constitution Act,” a later passage says something quite different (at page 745): the Federal Court “is competent to decide a question of law, even of a constitutional nature, when that question is raised, as it is in the case at bar, in connection with a proceeding or principal action based on the application of federal law” [my emphasis]. ...

Issue 3: Whether the Commission’s decision is vitiated by procedural unfairness, namely bias on the part of the Commission’s Early Resolution staff. [45]            The procedural fairness issue in this case arises in connection with an allegation of Commission staff bias against the Applicant. ...

“personal or living expenses” includes (a) the expenses of properties maintained by any person for the use or benefit of the taxpayer or any person connected with the taxpayer by blood relationship, marriage or common‑law partnership or adoption, and not maintained in connection with a business carried on for profit or with a reasonable expectation of profit, [34]         Subsection 248(1) of the Act gives a very broad definition of “business”. ...