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The Queen, 2022 TCC 29-- summary under Scientific Research & Experimental Development Summary Under Tax Topics- Income Tax Act- Section 248- Subsection 248(1)- Scientific Research & Experimental Development presumption that a taxpayer satisfying the “how” SR&ED tests will also satisfy the “why” test The taxpayer (“Airzone”) provided comprehensive air quality monitoring services to government agencies, international organizations, and businesses. In connection with addressing the CRA denial of SR&ED claims for six of Airzone’s projects, Hogan J made a number of general observations, including that: The taxpayer is required to demonstrate satisfaction both of “how factors,” namely “that the work was carried out by way of systematic investigation or search through experiment and analysis of a hypothesis … [and the] results of the work must also be preserved” (para. 5) and also a “why factor,” namely “that the work was carried out to resolve technical uncertainties that could not be solved through standard procedures and methods” (para. 6). ... “[T]he ‘why factor’ cannot be so strictly applied that only large corporations that employ dedicated research staff can qualify for the SR&ED incentives … [as m]oving the goal post so far afield … would be contrary to the intention of Parliament” (para. 51). ...

., [2001] 1 All ER 865 (HL)-- summary under Payment & Receipt Summary Under Tax Topics- General Concepts- Payment & Receipt interest paid with loan In order to generate an interest deduction for accrued interest owing by an insolvent company ("WIL") to its shareholder (a pension fund) pursuant to a provision of the Corporation Taxes Act 1988 (U.K.) which required that interest be paid in order to be deductible, the pension fund lent money to WIL with WIL using the borrowed proceeds to pay the outstanding arrears of interest. In finding that this arrangement was effective, Lord Nicholls stated (at pp. 868-869) that " prima facie, payment of interest in s. 338 has its normal legal meaning, and connotes simple satisfaction of the obligation to pay.... ...

.)-- summary under Payment & Receipt Summary Under Tax Topics- General Concepts- Payment & Receipt no payment on capitalization of interest The taxpayer, who held bonds on which the payment of interest had been suspended, exchanged his matured interest coupons on the bond for interest-bearing 20-year funding bonds of the debtor. ...

., 98 DTC 1836, [1998] 3 CTC 2096 (TCC)-- summary under Payment & Receipt Summary Under Tax Topics- General Concepts- Payment & Receipt creditor may apply payment as it determines if debtor does not 'The taxpayer received two cash payments of $10,000 and $25,000 on an interest-bearing promissory note for $525,000 owing by an arm's length debtor. ...