Date:
20130726
Docket:
T-1329-12
Citation:
2013 FC 820
Ottawa, Ontario,
July 26, 2013
PRESENT: The
Honourable Mr. Justice de Montigny
BETWEEN:
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KELLY SERVICES, INC. AND KELLY
PROPERTIES, LLC
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Plaintiffs
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and
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MOHAMED WAZIR AND 1405653 ONTARIO
INC. CARRYING ON BUSINESS AS KSR PERSONNEL
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Defendants
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REASONS FOR
ORDER AND ORDER
[1]
On
May 7, 2013, this Court granted the Plaintiffs’ motion for default judgment
against the Defendants. The Court found that the Defendants had infringed the
registered Canadian trade-marks owned by the Plaintiffs, had directed public
attention to their services and business in such a way as to cause or be likely
to cause confusion in Canada between the Plaintiffs’ services or business and
those of the Defendants, and had used the Plaintiffs’ KSR Registrations in a
manner that has depreciated the value of the goodwill attaching thereto, contrary
to sections 19 and 20, 7(b) and 22 of the Trade-marks Act, RSC
1985, c T-13. The Plaintiffs were granted a permanent injunction, damages in
the amount of $30,000 and costs in the amount of $10,000.
[2]
The
Defendants have now moved to set the judgment aside, pursuant to Rule 399(1) of
the Federal Courts Rules. For the reasons that follow, I find that the
Defendants have not satisfied the applicable test so as to entitle them to have
the judgment set aside.
Background
[3]
The
Plaintiff, Kelly Services, Inc. (“Kelly Services”), provides personnel
placement and recruitment services in Canada and has done so since 1968. The
Plaintiff, Kelly Properties, LLC (“Kelly Properties”), is a wholly owned
subsidiary of Kelly Services and the owner of numerous trade-mark registrations
that are used under licence in Canada in association with personnel placement
and recruitment services. Kelly has approximately 25 offices across Canada, with sales revenue for 2011, in association with its Canadian personnel placement
and recruitment services, totalling nearly $250 million.
[4]
Mohamed
Wazir is the owner of 1405653 Ontario Inc. carrying on business as KSR
Personnel; the latter was incorporated in 2000 and has been operating as KSR
Personnel since June 21, 2001. KSR Personnel is a small personnel recruitment
company employing approximately 35 recruiters. KSR Personnel operates almost
exclusively in the pharmaceutical manufacturing and services sector in Ontario and Canada.
[5]
On
July 5, 2012, the Plaintiffs personally served their Statement of Claim on the
Defendants, alleging trade-mark infringement, passing off and depreciation of
goodwill associated with the Plaintiffs’ registered trade-marks. No Statement
of Defence has been filed by the Defendants in this proceeding, who have been
in default since August 4, 2012. The evidence on record shows that the
timeline of the Defendants’ awareness of their default status can be summarized
as follows:
• On
August 9, 2012, counsel for the Defendants sent an e-mail to Plaintiffs’
counsel noting that the deadline for filing a Defence had expired and
requesting confirmation that his clients had not been noted in default;
•
On August 20, 2012, Defendants’ counsel requested permission from the
Plaintiffs to file a Defence by “this Friday” (meaning August 24, 2012);
•
The Plaintiffs responded the following day by offering not to contest a
motion seeking leave to file a Defence out of time, so long as the Defendants
moved promptly, however, no such motion was ever brought;
•
On September 27, 2012, the Plaintiffs wrote to Defendants’ counsel advising
him that the Plaintiffs would seek judgment in default, if the Defendants did
not move quickly to file a Statement of Defence;
•
On October 23, 2012, Defendants’ counsel sent an e-mail to counsel for the
Plaintiffs noting that “preparation of the defence is taking quite a bit more
time than expected”, indicating a clear and ongoing awareness that the
Defendants remained in default;
•
Later that day, the Plaintiffs wrote to Defendants’ counsel by facsimile,
registered mail and e-mail, noting that if the Defendants failed to move
promptly then the Plaintiffs would move for an Order that the Defence be filed
without delay and that failure to do so would entitle the Plaintiffs to move
for default judgment on an ex parte basis;
•
On January 30, 2013, the Defendants were provided with the Plaintiffs’
submissions in response to a status review, which included a draft Order that
the Plaintiffs be entitled to move for default judgment on an ex parte
basis if no Defence was filed within the prescribed deadline. Defendants’
counsel acknowledged receipt of that correspondence by e-mail later that day;
•
On February 18, 2013, the Defendants were provided with an Order of the
Court requiring them to file a Statement of Defence within ten days. The
Defendants acknowledged receipt of that Order by e-mail the following day;
•
On February 25, 2013, Defendants’ counsel served Plaintiffs’ counsel with
the Statement of Defence and counterclaim by way of e-mail. On the same day,
Plaintiffs’ counsel acknowledged receipt of that e-mail. Nevertheless, the
Statement of Defence was never filed with the Court, and at the hearing,
counsel for the Defendants acknowledged that, by inadvertence, he never
provided that Statement of Defence to a process server for filing with the
Court;
•
On March 25, 2013, Plaintiffs’ counsel sent to Defendants’ counsel by
e-mail a proposed timetable for the next steps in the litigation and resent it
with a further e-mail on March 28, 2013. On that same day, Defendants’ counsel
responded and indicated his agreement to the proposed timetable with the exception
of one date change, being the date on which the response to the Demand for
Particulars of the Plaintiffs would be due, from April 2 to April 12, 2013.
The timetable, as agreed to by Defendants’ counsel with the one requested date
change, was sent to the Court by e-mail on April 2, 2013;
•
On April 8, 2013, the Defendants were provided with a Direction of the
Court, by facsimile and e-mail, indicating that no Statement of Defence had
been filed. The Defendants acknowledged receipt of that Order by e-mail the
following day;
•
On April 12, 2013, correspondence enclosing a draft Order that directed the
Plaintiffs to move for default judgment on an ex parte basis if a
Statement of Defence was not filed within ten days of the date of that Order
was sent to the Defendants by counsel for the Plaintiffs by way of e-mail,
facsimile and mail. Defendants’ counsel alleges, in his written submissions,
that he did not see this e-mail and attached letter at the time, and found out after
the Judgment had issued that the e-mail had in fact been delivered to his
e-mail address but was quarantined by his computer safety software as potential
unsafe or unwanted spam e-mail. At the hearing, he acknowledged that he
received the letter but explained that he did not read the draft Order as he
thought that it was just a scheduling matter and did not appreciate that his
Statement of Defence had not been filed;
•
On April 15, 2013, in response to the Direction of April 8, 2013, the
Plaintiffs filed written submissions with the Court, together with the same
draft Order that had been provided to the Defendants. A copy of that
correspondence and its enclosure was sent to the Defendants by way of e-mail,
facsimile and mail and the Defendants have not asserted that they did not receive
that correspondence in any of the various formats it was sent by; and
•
On April 22, 2013, the Court issued the draft Order submitted by the
Plaintiffs. This Order was sent by the Court to the parties by e-mail and to
the same e-mail address for Defendants’ counsel, from which the Defendants had
confirmed receipt of both the Court’s Order dated February 15 and the Direction
dated April 8, 2013.
[6]
It
is uncontested that the Judgment was personally served on the Defendants on May
9, 2013 and that a courtesy copy was provided to their counsel on May 10,
2013. Yet, the Defendants did not serve or file any materials seeking to set
the Judgment aside until June 14, 2013. No explanation for this delay has been
provided by the Defendants.
Issue
[7]
The
only issue to be decided on this motion is whether the default judgment should
be set aside.
[8]
That
question shall be resolved without resorting to the affidavit evidence of
Jordan Kofman, submitted on behalf of the Defendants. None of the statements
made by Mr. Kofman with respect to providing a reasonable explanation for the
Defendants’ failure to file a Statement of Defence can be admitted or relied on.
Mr. Kofman has no personal knowledge of any events in this proceeding which
took place prior to the Judgment being issued, as he started to work for
Defendants’ counsel on May 8, 2013. His evidence on those matters therefore
consists almost entirely of hearsay.
Analysis
[9]
Rule
399(1) of the Federal Courts Rules provides that the Court may, on
motion, set aside or vary an order that was made ex parte if the party
against whom the order is made discloses a prima facie case why the
order should not have been made. There is no dispute between the parties as to
the test to be applied for setting aside a default judgment. The defaulting
party must satisfy the Court that it:
a) Has a
reasonable explanation for the failure to file a Statement of Defence;
b) Has a
prima facie defence on the merits to the Plaintiffs’ claim; and
c) Moved
promptly to set aside the default judgment.
See: Louis
Vuitton Malletier S.A. v Yang (c.o.b. K2 Fashions), 2008 FC 45, at para 4; Society
of Composers, Authors & Music Publishers of Can v 654163 Ontario Ltd,
2010 FC 905, at para 19; Brilliant Trading v Wong, 2005 FC 571, at para 8.
[10]
In
the case at bar, the Defendants utterly fail the first part of the test. Indeed,
their evidence and submissions as to their failure to file a Statement of
Defence only speak to events in or around February 2013. However, the
Defendants remained in default for a period of nine months. No attempt has
been made to explain why no Statement of Defence was filed prior to February
2013, despite the Defendants acknowledging as early as August 2012, more than
five months previously, that they were in default. Such an approach cannot
possibly meet the requirement of satisfying the Court that a reasonable
explanation for the Defendants’ failure has been provided.
[11]
At
the hearing, counsel for the Defendants argued that the Defendants are not to
blame for his honest and inadvertent mistake, that they did not ignore the
legal proceedings launched by the Plaintiffs, and that he had been in touch
throughout with counsel for the Plaintiffs. In my view, this is far from
sufficient to set aside the Default Judgment. Even if one were prepared to
accept that the failure to file the Statement of Defence with the Court was
somehow the result of a bona fide mistake, it would still not explain
the long delay from early August to late February. The Defendants were clearly
aware that they were in default immediately after the initial deadline for
filing a Statement of Defence had passed, yet they did nothing to cure that
default for six months. It is also clear that they remained fully aware of
their continuing default until at least April 9, 2013, when they confirmed
receipt of the Court’s Direction noting that no Defence had been filed.
Thereafter, on each of April 12, 15 and 22, 2013, the Defendants were provided
with correspondence and draft or issued Orders by the Plaintiffs and the Court,
via multiple delivery formats, all of which made it expressly clear that no
Defence had been filed and that unless the Defendants moved to file a Defence
in a timely manner, the Plaintiffs would be directed to move for default on an ex
parte basis. Acknowledging receipt of some of these documents is clearly
insufficient to explain why the Statement of Defence could not be filed for
nine months. Even if counsel mistakenly believed that he had filed it shortly
after serving counsel for the Plaintiffs, he should have realized no later than
April 8, 2013 that it had not, in fact, been filed when he received the
Direction of the Court.
[12]
As
for Mr. Wazir, it is hard to believe that he has not been involved in the
litigation or that he did not speak to his lawyer during all these months. If,
as he claims in his affidavit, his personal family life has been affected by
the stress associated by this litigation, he must (or should) have made some
enquiries as to its progress. Indeed, it is quite telling that Mr. Wazir makes
no reference in his affidavit as to why the Defendants failed to file a
Statement of Defence or why that failure continued for more than nine months.
[13]
In
light of the foregoing, I have not been persuaded that the Defendants have a
reasonable explanation for their failure to file a Statement of Defence.
[14]
Moreover,
the Defendants have not moved promptly to set aside the Judgment. There is no
explanation whatsoever as to why the Defendants waited for five weeks before
serving or filing any materials seeking to set the Judgment aside.
[15]
Having
failed to satisfy either the first or third elements of the test, there is no
need to assess the defence on the merits. The Defendants’ motion is therefore dismissed,
with costs in the amount of $5,000. It follows that the Defendants will not be
granted leave to file a Statement of Defence.
ORDER
THIS
COURT ORDERS that this motion is dismissed, with costs
fixed in the amount of $5,000.
"Yves de
Montigny"
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