Date: 20060511
Docket: IMM-2596-05
Citation: 2006 FC 541
BETWEEN:
JEAN-BERNARD
DUMORNAY
Applicant
and
MINISTER OF CITIZENSHIP
AND
IMMIGRATION
Respondent
REASONS FOR
JUDGMENT
PINARD J.
[1] This is an application
for judicial review of a decision by the Appeal Division of the Immigration and
Refugee Board (the IRB) dated March 18, 2005, dismissing the applicant’s appeal
against the decision denying his application to sponsor Cristina Dumornay, as
the applicant had never declared her as a member of his family.
I. The facts
[2] On January 30, 1995, the daughter of Jean-Bernard Dumornay
(the applicant) was born.
[3] On July 22, 1996, the applicant introduced his daughter to the
Minister of Culture to get a birth certificate.
[4] On July 31, 1998, the Canadian Embassy in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, received an
application for permanent residence in Canada from the
applicant. In this application, he wrote [translation]
“I have no children” and did not fill in any of the boxes provided for
children in the family tree.
[5] The applicant has been a permanent resident of Canada since June
21, 1999. He declared that no dependants would follow. On December 22, 2003, he
applied to sponsor his daughter, Cristina. On May13, 2004, a visa officer determined
that Cristina Dumornay was not a member of the family class. On August 18,
2004, the applicant appealed this decision. On February 8, 2005, the
Registry of the IRB wrote him to invite him to submit arguments regarding the
application of paragraph 117(9)(d) of the Immigration and Refugee
Protection Regulations, SOR/2002-227 (the Regulations) to his case.
[6] On March 18, 2005, the IRB made a negative finding based on
the application of paragraph 117(9)(d) of the Regulations.
II. The relevant provisions
[7] The relevant subsections of sections 63, 64 and 65 of the Immigration
and Refugee Protection Act, S.C. 2001, c. 27 (the Act), sections 1, 2,
51, 117, 352 and 355 of the Regulations, subsection 25(1) of the Immigration
Appeal Division Rules, SOR/2002-230 and subsection 2(1) of the Immigration
Regulations, 1978, SOR/78-172 (repealed) are attached in the Appendix
hereto.
III. The analysis
A. The application of
subsections 117(10) and (11) of the Regulations
[8] The applicant submits
that it is clear that on March 18, 2005, the date of the decision at issue,
the IRB had to consider the amendments to the regulations and had to decide on
the applicant’s situation in light of these new sections. The applicant
contends that there is nothing to suggest that this was done.
[9] In my
opinion, the IRB did not err. It has no obligation to refer to all of the
provisions of the Act or the Regulations or to explain why they do not apply,
as the case may be.
[10] In this case,
the determination would be the same for the applicant, whether
subsections 117(10), (11) and (12) had been applied or not, because these
subsections were not relevant in his case, as an officer had not advised him
that an examination would not be required, pursuant to subsection 117(10).
[11] In fact, no
officer could have advised the applicant that an examination would not be
required because he had falsely indicated that he had “no children”. The
situation is similar to the one in Flores v. Minister of Citizenship and
Immigration, [2005] FC 854, where my colleague
Mr. Justice O’Keefe states as follows:
[42] This
is also not a situation in which the exception in subsection 117(10) applies,
as there is no evidence or allegation that an officer determined the son did
not have to be examined. The applicant simply did not disclose the existence of
her son. . . .
B. Section
51 of the Regulations
[12] In his memorandum, the
applicant also alleges that in deciding under section 51 of the Regulations,
the audi
alteram partem rule is at issue. He considers that the retroactive
application of this section amounts to a breach of the right to be heard.
[13] Section 51 of
the Regulations provides that a permanent resident must establish, at the
examination at the port of entry “that [he] and [his] family members, whether
accompanying or not, meet the requirements of the Act and these Regulations”.
[14] In the decision,
section 51of the Regulations is related to the application of
paragraph 117(9)(d) of the Regulations. The IRB clearly stated: “In
view of the fact that the applicant falls within the scope of paragraph 117(9)(d)
of the Regulations”.
[15] Further, in De Guzman v.
Canada (M.C.I.), 2004 FC 1276, my colleague Kelen J. determined that
paragraph 117(9)(d) is constitutional and that it is consistent with
section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms (the
Charter).
[16] Accordingly, it cannot
be argued that section 51 of the Regulations fetters the right to be heard
or that it violates the principles of natural justice.
C. Reasons
given by applicant for not declaring his daughter
[17] The applicant relies on
subsection
117(11) and argues that the IRB erred in finding that the reasons that he
raised for not disclosing the name of his daughter are not relevant.
[18] However,
subsection 117(11) of the Regulations refers to subsection 117(10) of the
Regulations, and above it was established that the applicant did not allege
that an officer had advised him that he did not have to submit to an
examination.
[19] In Hong Mei Chen
v. Minister of Citizenship and Immigration, 2005 FC 678,
Mosley J. pointed out that choosing not to declare a child is enough even
if the omission does not involve an underlying intent to defraud.
[20] In my opinion, the IRB did not
err on this point.
D. Humanitarian
and compassionate considerations
[21] According to the
applicant, the matter is of much greater significance since the IRB did not
decide the issue of humanitarian and compassionate considerations expressly
raised by the applicant.
[22] The applicant contends
that the IRB
believed that it was automatically implicitly dispensed from addressing it, but
that the IRB must respond to all of the considerations under its jurisdiction.
[23] The key section on
humanitarian and compassionate matters appears in the Act under
section 65:
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65. In an
appeal under subsection 63(1) or (2) respecting an application based on
membership in the family class, the Immigration Appeal Division may not
consider humanitarian and compassionate considerations unless it has decided
that the foreign national is a member of the family class and that their
sponsor is a sponsor within the meaning of the regulations.
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65. Dans le cas de l’appel visé aux
paragraphes 63(1) ou (2) d’une décision portant sur une demande au titre
du regroupement familial, les motifs d’ordre humanitaire ne peuvent être pris
en considération que s’il a été statué que l’étranger fait bien partie de
cette catégorie et que le répondant a bien la qualité réglementaire
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[24] Yet, paragraph 117(9)(d)
of the Regulations clearly explains that if the sponsor previously made an
application for permanent residence and became a permanent resident and, at the
time of that application, the foreign national was a non-accompanying family
member of the sponsor and was not examined, the foreign national shall not be
considered a member of the family class.
[25] The applicant suggests
that the definition in subsection 1(3) of the Regulations applies in
interpreting the meaning of “member of the family class” for the purposes of
the Act and, accordingly, for the application of section 65 of the Act.
[26] In my opinion, the
applicant is incorrect
because the definition in subsection 1(3) defines “family member” and because
section 65 refers specifically to the “family class”, which is addressed
under subsection 117(9). Therefore, the IRB cannot exercise its discretion
for humanitarian and compassionate considerations bearing on family class
applications unless it has been determined that the foreign national indeed had
this quality. As the IRB refused to acknowledge that the foreign national
belonged to the family class, it could not consider the humanitarian and
compassionate considerations raised by the applicant.
[27] This finding is also based on the
fact that the applicant may, pursuant to subsection 25(1) of the Act,
based on humanitarian and compassionate considerations, considering the best
interests of the child, request an exemption from the application of
paragraph 117(9)(d) (Flores, supra, and Azizi v.
Minister of Citizenship and Immigration, 2005 FC 354).
E. Appeal
Division decision based on a judgment under appeal
[28] The
applicant argued that the IRB erred in relying on the decision in De Guzman
v. Canada (M.C.I.), 2004 FC 1276, [2004] F.C.J. No. 1557 (F.C.)
(QL), when this decision had never been communicated to the parties. He claimed
that he was unable to present his arguments on the relevance of this decision
and that the audi alteram partem rule had been breached.
[29] The
applicant refers to two decisions to support his point of view, i.e. Bell
Canada and Challenge Communication Ltd. (1978), 86 D.L.R. (3d) 351 (F.C.A.)
and Pfizer Co. v. Deputy Minister of National Revenue, [1977] 1 S.C.R.
456. In my opinion, the applicant was wrong to claim that Bell Canada
supports his point of view; this decision has nothing to do with the audi
alteram partem rule. With respect to Pfizer, that decision does not
concern cases where a tribunal has considered a decision that was not communicated
to the parties, but involves other cases where after the hearing a tribunal
takes into account evidence when there is no opportunity given to present
arguments regarding that evidence. This is a completely different situation
from this one.
[30] In
my opinion, the IRB did not err. The applicant had to submit the relevant case
law. The decision in De Guzman was dated September 20, 2004, and
the applicant filed his additional submissions on February 25, 2005.
[31] Further,
the applicant submits that the IRB erred in failing to mention that on the date
of the IRB decision, the appeal of the De Guzman decision had been
pending since October 18, 2004, and that Kelen J. had certified a
question.
[32] In
my opinion, the IRB was not obliged to wait for a judgment from the Federal
Court of Appeal to be delivered before deciding this matter.
F. Complete
inapplicability of De Guzman to this matter
[33] With regard to the claim to the effect that this matter is different
from De
Guzman
since that was a decision contemplating a person who had applied under the
former Act and who had been given a full hearing before the IRB, the applicant
is mistaken. Fundamentally, the Federal Court of Appeal decided that the
application of paragraph 117(9)(d) of the Regulations was not
inconsistent with the rights guaranteed under section 7 of the Charter.
[34] The
applicant is now claiming that this application for judicial review is
ultimately intended to secure a hearing before the IRB to raise his arguments.
It is a new argument that was not included in the initial memorandum served on
May 30, 2005, and therefore cannot be considered.
[35] It is true that I ordered the postponement of the hearing in this
matter so that the parties could review the decision of the Federal Court of
Appeal in De Guzman. Nevertheless, the Order accepting the additional
written submissions when the hearing of December 20, 2005, was postponed,
clearly must not be interpreted as permission to raise new arguments and new
applications. The additional arguments must be confined to the issues raised by
this decision.
[36] With regard to the issue of the application of the
transitional provisions 352 and 355 of the Regulations, section 352 refers to
subsection 2(1) of these Regulations and to subsection 2(1) set out under
the former Immigration Act. The two differ on the age of dependant
children: under the former regime, the child had to be less than 19 years old
while under the new Act, a dependant child must be less than 22 years old.
[37] The
transitional measures are not applicable in De Guzman or in this matter
since in both matters the applicants’ children were contemplated by the former
Act and the new Act. Further, in both cases, their children had to be included
in their applications under each Act. The applicant is incorrect to argue that
sections 352 and 355 establish that under the former Act applicants did not
have to declare children that were not dependant or that were not accompanying
them. Also under the former Act, the dependant children (19 years of age or
less under that Act) had to be declared. The applicant is also incorrect in
claiming that the Regulations discriminate between two classes of persons who
make the same omission. The difference between the two Acts is only a change in
the age at which a person no longer qualifies as a “dependant child”. This
change does not affect the applicant because his daughter is only 11 years old.
Therefore, the transitional measures do not apply. The applicant cannot allege
discrimination.
[38] Similarly,
even if the applicant were treated differently than a person who applied under
the former Act, because the age of dependant children differs between the
former subsection 2(1) and the new subsection 2(1) of the Act,
Parliament evidently provided transitional measures so that applicants would
not be penalized.
[39] In
my opinion, the applicant’s argument regarding the ground of discrimination
pursuant to section 15 of the Charter is without merit.
G. The
issue of jurisdiction
[40] The
applicant claims that the letter at the root of the problem introduced a
procedure not contemplated under the Regulations. He argues that it was clearly
apparent that he was opposed to the simplified procedure proposed by the IRB.
According to the applicant, the letter stated the following:
[translation]
If you believe that the
IAD should pursue the regular process for your appeal, you must send a copy of
all relevant information or arguments in support of your position.
[41] The
applicant argues that this letter was mailed on February 8, 2005, and that it
was considered to have been received only on February 15, 2005. He alleges that
the letter stated that the documents, information and arguments had to be
received by the IRB by March 1, 2005, giving the applicant barely 14 days to
file it all in writing. The applicant argues that this manner of proceeding did
not in any way respect the general time limits provided under the Immigration
Appeal Division Rules, SOR/2002-230, or procedural fairness.
[42] In my opinion, this argument must not be taken into account since it
is a new argument that was not included in the initial memorandum served on May
30, 2005.
Once again, the Order accepting additional written submissions when the hearing
of December 20, 2005, was suspended, must not be interpreted as giving the
applicant the opportunity to raise new arguments.
IV. Conclusion
[43] As the applicant has not established that the IRB made an error of
law or of fact that would justify the intervention of this Court, the
application for judicial review is dismissed.
“Yvon
Pinard”
Ottawa, Ontario
Certified true translation
Kelley A. Harvey, BCL, LLB
APPENDIX
Immigration
and Refugee Protection Act, S.C. 2001, c. 27:
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63. (1) A person who has filed in
the prescribed manner an application to sponsor a foreign national as a
member of the family class my appeal to the Immigration Appeal Division
against a decision not to issue the foreign national a permanent resident
visa.
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63. (1) Quiconque a déposé,
conformément au règlement, une demande de parrainage au titre du regroupement
familial peut interjeter appel du refus de délivrer le visa de résident
permanent.
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64. (3) No appeal may be made under
subsection 63(1) in respect of a decision that was based on a finding of
inadmissibility on the ground of misrepresentation, unless the foreign
national in question is the sponsor’s spouse, common-law partner or child.
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64. (3) N’est pas susceptible
d’appel au titre du paragraphe 63(1) le refus fondé sur l’interdiction
de territoire pour fausses déclarations, sauf si l’étranger en cause est
l’époux ou le conjoint de fait du répondant ou son enfant.
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65. In an appeal under
subsection 63(1) or (2) respecting an application based on membership in
the family class, the Immigration Appeal Division may not consider
humanitarian and compassionate considerations unless it has decided that the
foreign national is a member of the family class and that their sponsor is a
sponsor within the meaning of the regulations.
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65. Dans le cas de l’appel visé
aux paragraphes 63(1) ou (2) d’une décision portant sur une demande au
titre du regroupement familial, les motifs d’ordre humanitaire ne peuvent
être pris en considération que s’il a été statué que l’étranger fait bien
partie de cette catégorie et que le répondant a bien la qualité
réglementaire.
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Immigration
and Refugee Protection Regulations, SOR/2002-227:
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1. (3) For the
purposes of the Act, other than section 12 and paragraph 38(2)(d), and
these Regulations, “family member” in respect of a person means
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1. (3) Pour
l’application de la Loi – exception faite de l’article 12 et de l’alinéa
38(2)d) – et du présent règlement, « membre de la famille »,
à l’égard d’une personne, s’entend de :
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(a) the spouse or common-law partner of
the person;
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a) son époux ou
conjoint de fait;
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(b) a dependent child of the person or
of the person’s spouse or common-law partner; and
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b) tout enfant
qui est à sa charge ou à la charge de son époux ou conjoint de fait;
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(c) a dependent child of a dependent
child referred to in paragraph (b).
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c) l’enfant à
charge d’un enfant à charge visé à l’alinéa b).
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2. The definitions
in this section apply in these Regulations.
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2. Les définitions
qui suivent s’appliquent au présent règlement.
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“dependent child”, in
respect of a parent, means a child who
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« enfant à
charge » L’enfant qui :
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(a) has one of the
following relationships with the parent, namely,
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a) d’une part,
par rapport à l’un ou l’autre de ses parents :
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(i) is the biological child of the parent, if
the child has not been adopted by a person other than the spouse or
common-law partner of the parent, or
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(i) soit en est
l’enfant biologique et n’a pas été adopté par une personne autre que son
époux ou conjoint de fait,
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(ii) is the adopted child of the parent; and
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(ii) soit en est
l’enfant adoptif;
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(b) is in one of the
following situations of dependency, namely,
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b) d’autre part,
remplit l’une des conditions suivantes :
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(i) is less than 22 years of age and not
a spouse or common-law partner,
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(i) il est âgé de moins de
vingt-deux ans et n’est pas un époux ou conjoint de fait,
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(ii) has depended substantially on the
financial support of the parent since before the age of 22 – or if the child
became a spouse or common-law partner before the age of 22, since becoming a
spouse or common-law partner – and, since before the age of 22 or since
becoming a spouse or common-law partner, as the case may be, has been a
student.
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(ii) il est un étudiant âgé
qui n’a pas cessé de dépendre, pour l’essentiel, du soutien financier de l’un
ou l’autre de ses parents à compter du moment où il a atteint l’âge de
vingt-deux ans ou est devenu, avant cet âge, un époux ou conjoint de fait et
qui, à la fois :
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(A) continuously enrolled in and attending a
post-secondary institution that is accredited by the relevant government
authority, and
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(A) n’a pas cessé d’être
inscrit à un établissement d’enseignement postsecondaire accrédité par les
autorités gouvernementales compétentes et de fréquenter celui-ci,
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(B) actively pursuing a course of academic,
professional or vocational training on a full-time basis, or
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(B) y suit activement à
temps plein des cours de formation générale, théorique ou professionnelle,
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(iii) is 22 years of age or older and has
depended substantially on the financial support of the parent since before
the age of 22 and is unable to be financially self-supporting due to a
physical or mental condition.
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(iii) il est âgé de
vingt-deux ans ou plus, n’a pas cessé de dépendre, pour l’essentiel, du
soutien financier de l’un ou l’autre de ses parents à compter du moment où il
a atteint l’âge de vingt-deux ans et ne peut subvenir à ses besoins du fait
de son état physique ou mental.
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51. A foreign national who holds a
permanent resident visa and is seeking to become a permanent resident at a
port of entry must
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51. L’étranger
titulaire d’un visa de résident permanent qui, à un point d’entrée, cherche à
devenir un résident permanent doit :
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(a) inform the officer if
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a) le cas
échéant, faire part à l’agent de ce qui suit :
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(i) the foreign national has become a spouse or common-law
partner or has ceased to be a spouse, common-law partner or conjugal partner
after the visa was issued, or
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(i) il est devenu un époux
ou conjoint de fait ou il a cessé d’être un époux, un conjoint de fait ou un
partenaire conjugal après la délivrance du visa,
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(ii) material facts relevant to the issuance of the visa
have changed since the visa was issued or were not divulged when it was
issued; and
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(ii) tout fait important
influant sur la délivrance du visa qui a changé depuis la délivrance ou n’a
pas été révélé au moment de celle-ci;
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(b) establish, at the time of examination, that
they and their family members, whether accompanying or not, meet the
requirements of the Act and these Regulations.
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b) établir, lors
du contrôle, que lui et les membres de sa famille, qu’ils l’accompagnent ou
non, satisfont aux exigences de la Loi et du présent règlement.
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117. (9) A foreign
national shall not be considered a member of the family class by virtue of
their relationship to a sponsor if
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117. (9) Ne sont pas considérées
comme appartenant à la catégorie du regroupement familial du fait de leur
relation avec le répondant les personnes suivantes :
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[. . .]
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[. . .]
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(d) subject to
subsection (10), the sponsor previously made an application for permanent
residence and became a permanent resident and, at the time of that
application, the foreign national was a non-accompanying family member of the
sponsor and was not examined.
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d) sous réserve du paragraphe (10), dans
le cas où le répondant est devenu résident permanent à la suite d’une demande
à cet effet, l’étranger qui, à l’époque où cette demande a été faite, était
un membre de la famille du répondant n’accompagnant pas ce dernier et n’a pas
fait l’objet d’un contrôle.
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(10) Subject to
subsection (11), paragraph (9)(d) does not apply in respect
of a foreign national referred to in that paragraph who was not examined
because an officer determined that they were not required by the Act or the
former Act, as applicable, to be examined.
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(10) Sous réserve du
paragraphe (11), l’alinéa (9)d) ne s’applique pas à
l’étranger qui y est visé et qui n’a pas fait l’objet d’un contrôle parce
qu’un agent a décidé que le contrôle n’était pas exigé par la Loi ou
l’ancienne loi, selon le cas.
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(11)
Paragraph (9)(d) applies in respect of a foreign national
referred to in subsection (10) if an officer determined that, at the
time of the application referred to in that paragraph,
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(11) L’alinéa (9)d)
s’applique à l’étranger visé au paragraphe (10) si un agent arrive à la
conclusion que, à l’époque où la demande visée à cet alinéa a été
faite :
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(a) the sponsor was
informed that the foreign national could be examined and the sponsor was able
to make the foreign national available for examination but did not do so or
the foreign national did not appear for examination; or
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a) ou bien le répondant a été informé
que l’étranger pouvait faire l’objet d’un contrôle et il pouvait faire en
sorte que ce dernier soit disponible, mais il ne l’a pas fait, ou l’étranger
ne s’est pas présenté au contrôle;
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(b) the foreign
national was the sponsor’s spouse, was living separate and apart from the
sponsor and was not examined.
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b) ou bien l’étranger était l’époux du
répondant, vivait séparément de lui et n’a pas fait l’objet d’un contrôle.
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(12) In
subsection (10), “former Act” has the same meaning as in section 187 of the
Act.
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(12) Au paragraphe (10), « ancienne
loi » s’entend au sens de l’article 187 de la Loi.
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352. A person is not
required to include in an application a non-accompanying common-law partner
or a non-accompanying child who is not a dependent son or a dependent
daughter within the meaning of subsection 2(1) of the former Regulations
and is a dependent child as defined in section 2 of these Regulations if the
application was made under the former Act before the day on which this
section comes into force.
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352. La personne
qui, avant l’entrée en vigueur du présent article, a fait une demande au
titre de l’ancienne loi n’est pas tenue de mentionner dans sa demande, s’il
ne l’accompagne pas, son conjoint de fait ou tout enfant -- qui est un enfant
à charge au sens du paragraphe 2(1) du présent règlement -- qui n’est
pas une « fille à charge » ou un « fils à charge » au
sens du paragraphe 2(1) de l’ancien règlement.
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355. If a person who
made an application under the former Act before June 28, 2002
sponsors a non‑accompanying dependent child, referred to in
section 352, who makes an application as a member of the family class or
the spouse or common-law partner in Canada class, or sponsors a
non-accompanying common-law partner who makes such an application,
paragraph 117(9)(d) does not apply in respect of that dependent
child or common-law partner.
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355.
L’alinéa 117(9)d) du présent règlement ne s’applique pas aux
enfants à charge visés à l’article 352 du présent règlement ni au
conjoint de fait d’une personne qui n’accompagnent pas celle-ci et qui font
une demande au titre de la catégorie du regroupement familial ou de la
catégorie des époux ou conjoints de fait au Canada si cette personne les
parraine et a fait une demande au titre de l’ancienne loi avant le
28 juin 2002.
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Immigration
Appeal Division Rules, SOR/2002-230:
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25. (1) Instead of
holding a hearing, the Division may require the parties to proceed in writing
if this would not be unfair to any party and there is no need for the oral
testimony of a witness.
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25. (1) La Section peut,
au lieu de tenir une audience, exiger que les parties procèdent par écrit, à
condition que cette façon de faire ne cause pas d’injustice et qu’il ne soit
pas nécessaire d’entendre des témoins.
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Immigration
Regulations, 1978, SOR/78-172 (repealed):
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2. (1) The definitions in this
section apply in these Regulations.
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2. (1) Les
définitions qui suivent s’appliquent au présent règlement.
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« dependent daughter », means a daughter who
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« fille à charge » Fille :
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(a) is less than 19 years of age and
unmarried,
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a) soit qui est âgée de moins de 19 ans et n’est pas
mariée;
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(b) is enrolled and in attendance as a full-time
student in an academic, professional or vocational program at a university,
college or other educational institution and
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b) soit qui est inscrite à une université, un collège ou
un autre établissement d’enseignement et y suit à temps plein des cours de
formation générale, théorique ou professionnelle, et qui :
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(i) has been
continuously enrolled and in attendance in such a program since attaining
19 years of age or, if married before 19 years of age, the time of
her marriage, and
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(i) d’une part, y a
été inscrite et y a suivi sans interruption ce genre de cours depuis la date
de ses 19 ans ou, si elle était déjà mariée à cette date, depuis la date
de son mariage,
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(ii) is determined
by an immigration officer, on the basis of information received by the
immigration officer, to be wholly or substantially financially supported by
her parents since attaining 19 years of age or, if married before
19 years of age, the time of her marriage, or
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(ii) d’autre part,
selon l’agent d’immigration qui fonde son opinion sur les renseignements
qu’il a reçus, a été entièrement ou en grande partie à la charge financière
de ses parents depuis la date de ses 19 ans ou, si elle était déjà
mariée à cette date, depuis la date de son mariage.
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(c) is wholly or substantially financially
supported by her parents and
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c) soit qui est entièrement ou en grande partie à la
charge financière de ses parents et qui :
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(i) is determined by
a medical officer to be suffering from a physical or mental disability, and
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(i) d’une part,
selon un médecin agréé, souffre d’une incapacité de nature physique ou
mentale,
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(ii) is determined
by an immigration officer, on the basis of information received by the
immigration officer, including information from the medical officer referred
to in subparagraph (i), to be incapable of supporting herself by reason of
such disability.
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(ii) d’autre part,
selon l’agent d’immigration qui fonde son opinion sur les renseignements
qu’il a reçus, y compris les renseignements reçus du médecin agréé visé au
sous-alinéa (i), est incapable de subvenir à ses besoins en raison de cette
incapacité.
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