Docket: 2012-2070(IT)I
BETWEEN:
ESMAIL HEMMATI,
Appellant,
and
HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN,
Respondent.
____________________________________________________________________
Appeal
heard on January 24, 2013, at Toronto, Ontario
Before: The Honourable
Justice Valerie Miller
Appearances:
|
For the Appellant:
|
The
Appellant himself
|
|
Counsel for the Respondent:
|
Suzanne Bruce
|
____________________________________________________________________
JUDGMENT
The appeal from the reassessments made under the Income
Tax Act for the Appellant’s 2005 and 2006 taxation years is allowed,
without costs, and the matter is referred back to the Minister of National
Revenue for reconsideration and reassessment on the basis that:
(a)
in 2005, the
Appellant’s income is to be reduced by $10,373;
(b)
in 2006, the
Appellant’s income is to be reduced by $1,084.83; and
(c)
in 2006, the Appellant
used his van 80% for business purposes.
Signed at
Ottawa, Canada, this 22nd day of February 2013.
“V.A. Miller”
Citation: 2013TCC66
Date: 20130221
Docket: 2012-2070(IT)I
BETWEEN:
ESMAIL HEMMATI,
Appellant,
and
HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN,
Respondent.
REASONS FOR JUDGMENT
V.A. Miller J.
[1]
The Minister of
National Revenue (the “Minister”) reassessed the appellant’s 2005 and 2006
taxation years as follows:
(a) The amounts of $12,477 and $12,304 were included in his income in
the 2005 and 2006 taxation years respectively;
(b) The amount of $1,758 was disallowed as an expense for supplies in
2006;
(c) The expenses and capital cost allowance related to the business use
of his vehicle were reduced from 80% to 50%.
[2]
During the period, the
Appellant operated two businesses as a sole proprietor. The Minister found that
the Appellant had underreported income for each of the businesses. I will
consider each business separately.
[3]
The Appellant
represented himself at the hearing with the assistance of an interpreter. He
called two witnesses, his spouse, Hitomi Ikeda Hemmati and his friend, Mohammad
Koosha. The Respondent did not call any witnesses.
Dundas West Food Mart
[4]
The Appellant operated a
grocery store called Dundas West Food Mart (the “Food Mart”) from January 2004
until August 3, 2005. The Food Mart mainly sold meats but it also carried bread
and dry goods for sale.
[5]
In his 2005 income tax
return, the Appellant reported that the Food Mart had an opening inventory of
$9,450; purchases of goods for resale (“purchases”) of $14,749; and, sales of $39,127.
During the audit, the Appellant presented documents which showed that his
purchases were actually $ 31,309. The auditor accepted these documents. However,
she assumed that if the Appellant’s purchases were greater than he had
reported, his sales must have been greater than reported. The auditor assumed
that the Appellant had underreported his sales. Using the industry average
(67.1%) for the “cost of goods sold as a percentage of sales”, she estimated
that the Appellant had sales of $66,060. The auditor then calculated that the Appellant
had not reported income of $10,373 from the Food Mart.
[6]
It was the Appellant’s
position that he had reported his sales correctly from the cash register tapes.
He incurred numerous losses which led to his closing the business in August
2005. The Appellant stated that the main reasons he suffered losses at the Food
Mart were that he purchased too many goods for sale and his business was
located in a poor neighbourhood. He testified that he could not sell all of the
meat products he had purchased with the result that many pounds of meat spoiled
and he had to throw them out. Some of his dry goods such as the walnuts spoiled
and he disposed of them. Unfortunately, he did not weigh the spoilage or keep a
record of the spoilage.
[7]
Both Hitomi Ikeda
Hemmati, the Appellant’s spouse, and Mohammad Koosha, his friend, corroborated
the Appellant’s testimony that he had to dispose of goods which had spoiled.
Mr. Koosha was aware of the business at the Food Mart because he lived in a
basement apartment in the store and he visited the Appellant in the store each
day.
[8]
It was the Appellant’s
evidence that this was the first time he had operated a grocery store and he
made many mistakes. Foremost among those mistakes was the location he chose to
operate his store. He found that he had opened his store in a financially
distressed neighbourhood. By 2005, he knew that he could not continue to
operate the Food Mart and he closed the business on August 3, 2005.
[9]
The Appellant submitted
that if the Food Mart had the sales which the auditor had estimated, he would
not have closed his business. He closed the business precisely because his
expenses exceeded his sales.
[10]
I found the Appellant’s
evidence to be credible. He stated that, contrary to the Minister’s assumption,
he did have books and records. He had invoices from his suppliers, bank
receipts, a ledger book and cash register tapes. It is my view that exhibit R-1
filed by counsel for the Respondent confirmed this portion of the Appellant’s
testimony.
[11]
The Appellant fully
explained why he had failed to report all of his purchases in his 2005 income
tax return. His failure to claim all of his purchases was to his detriment. He
stated that he had actually incurred a loss whereas he had reported a net
business income of $911 from the Food Mart.
[12]
The unreported income
calculated by the Minister was an estimate established using an industry
average for meat markets for 2006. There was no explanation as to how this
average was established or how it related to the Appellant’s business in 2005.
[13]
I accept the Appellant’s
evidence that the Food Mart was in a loss situation in 2005 and he closed the
business when he concluded that the business was unsustainable. I also accept
that the sales for the Food Mart were correctly reported in the Appellant’s
2005 income tax return.
Arc Home
Income and Expenses
[14]
Commencing October
2005, the Appellant provided repair and renovation services for residential and
commercial buildings. He operated as a sole proprietor under the name of Arc
Home and he was paid by cash or cheque for his services.
[15]
At the audit stage of
this appeal, the Minister determined that the Appellant had underreported his
income from Arc Home in 2005 and 2006 and had overstated his expenses in 2006.
[16]
The Minister completed a
bank deposit analysis of the Appellant’s bank accounts and found that the Appellant
had unexplained bank deposits of $2,104.06 and $12,303.70 for 2005 and 2006
respectively.
[17]
It was the Appellant’s
position that in 2005 he deposited the amount of $2000 in his bank account from
cash which he kept in his home. The sources of the cash were his family in Iran and his spouse’s family in Japan. However, he stated that he did not have the documentation to
substantiate his testimony and he accepted the Minister’s calculation of his
income from Arc Home for 2005.
[18]
For the 2006 taxation
year, the Appellant explained that various deposits in his bank account were
not business income but were reimbursements for materials which he had picked
up for his clients. In support of his testimony, he submitted cheques and
emails from third parties. The total amount on these documents was $7,999.19.
[19]
It is my view that the
Appellant has established that a deposit of $360 into his account on October
30, 2006 was the repayment of a loan and not business income. I have also
accepted that the amounts of $108, $500 and $116.83 were not business income in
2006 but were repayments for materials purchased for his clients. A review of
exhibit R-1 showed that the Appellant did not claim an expense for these
materials. It is my view that an email without supporting documents from a third
party was insufficient to establish that the amount of $6,914.36 was not
business income.
[20]
In 2006, the Appellant
claimed an expense for supplies in the amount of $13,190.97. However, only the
amount of $11,432.95 was supported by receipts and the Minister disallowed the
difference of $1,758.02.
[21]
The Appellant stated
that he accepted the Minister’s calculation for the supplies expense.
[22]
I realize that the Appellant
had just started his business in 2005 but when a taxpayer decides to operate a
business, he/she must keep detailed records to substantiate the income earned
and the expenses claimed against that income: Njenga v. R., [1997] 2
C.T.C. 8 (FCA).
Use of Vehicle
[23]
The Appellant purchased
a van in 2006 which he used for the Arc Home business. The Appellant claimed
80% business use of the van in 2006. The Minister allowed only 50% business use
of the van because the Appellant did not provide a log to substantiate the
business trips.
[24]
I find that the Respondent
attributed minimal business use to the Appellant’s van. He was in a business
that required him to use his van extensively. He testified that he used his van
to travel to potential clients to give estimates for jobs and to pick up and
deliver materials for the jobs he obtained.
[25]
Although the Appellant
did not keep a log of his business travel in 2006, I have been persuaded that
he used his van 80% for business purposes.
Conclusion
[26]
For all of the above
reasons, the appeal is allowed on the following basis:
(a)
in 2005, the Appellant’s
income is to be reduced by $10,373;
(b)
in 2006, the Appellant’s
income is to be reduced by $1,084.83; and
(c)
in 2006, the Appellant
used his van 80% for business purposes.
Signed at Ottawa, Canada, this 22nd
day of February 2013.
“V.A. Miller”
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