Thurlow,
J.:—This
is
appeal
from
a
judgment
o
the
Tax
Appeal
Board:
which
dismissed
the
appellant’s
appeal
from
reassessments
of
income
tax
r.the,years,
1957
and
1958.
During
both,
of
these
years
the
appellant,
as.a
partner
in.
a
business
carried
on
under
the
name
of
L.
T.
Ferriss
Hardware
and
the
first
issue
in
the
appeal
is
whether
the
appellant’s
share
in
amounts
of
$15,506.05
and
$2,662.52
representing
payments
of
accounts
owing
to
the
partnership
at
the
end
of
the
year
1956
but
received
in
the
years
1957
and
1958
respectively,
was.
properly
included
in
computing
his
income
for
the
years
in
question.
The
other
issue
in
the
appeal
is
whether
the
appellant’s
portions
of
the
amounts
of
$2,171
for
the
year
1957
and
$1,401
for
the
year
1958
were
in
the
circumstances
reasonable
amounts
as
a
reserve
for
his
share
of
the
doubtful
debts
owing
to
the
partnership
in
respect
of
which
the
partners
were
entitled
to
such
a
reserve
in
computing
income
for
the
years
in
question.
The
business
was
that
of
a
retail
dealer
in
hardware
and
builders’
supplies
and
was
carried
on
at
Harrow,
a
rural
community
in
southern
Ontario.
It
had
been
established
by
the
appellant’s
father,
L.
T.
Ferris,
in
1905,
and
was
carried
on
later
by
the
appellant
and
his
brother,
David
E.
Ferriss,
and
from
1945
to
the
end
of
1958
by
a
partnership
consisting
of
the
appellant,
his
brother,
David
HK.
Ferriss,
and
the
latter’s
son,
Edwin
Meredith
Ferriss.
In
computing
income
from
the
business
for
the
year
1956
and
for
the
years
prior
thereto
the
partners
had
followed
a
practice
of
including
in
the
receipts
only
amounts
received
in
cash
during
the
year
but
amounts
so
received
were
included
regardless
of
whether
they
represented
payments
for
goods
sold
during
the
year
or
for
goods
sold
in
earlier
years.
Accounts
owing
to
the
partnership
at
the
end
of
the
year
for
goods
sold
in
the
year
or
in
previous
years
were
shown
in
the
balance
sheet
but
they
were
not
included
as
receipts
in
the
profit
and
loss
statement
nor
was
any
deduction
made
therein
in
respect
of
any
of
them
which
might
have
become
bad
or
doubtful.
Expenditures
on
the
other
hand
were
deducted
in
the
year
in
which
they
were
incurred
whether
or
not
they
had
been
paid
at
the
end
of
the
year.
This
was
called
a
‘‘cash
receipts
and
expenditures
system’’
of
computing
profit.
However,
in
the
statements
with
respect
to
the
partnership
business
which
accompanied
the
appellant’s
1957
income
tax
return
a
different
method
of
computation
was
followed.
This
was
an
accrual
system
and
in
it
the
amount
shown
as
receipts
included
the
gross
amount
of
merchandise
sales
for
the
year
regardless
of
whether
the
price
of
the
merchandise
sold
had
been
received
by
the
end
of
the
year.
The
profit
and
loss
statement
did
not
include
any
amounts
received
in
the
year
in
payment
for
goods
sold
in
any
earlier
year
nor
did
it
include
any
item
in
respect
of
a
reserve
for
doubtful
debts
provided
for
in
any
earlier
year.
Expenditures
were
deducted
on
the
same
basis
as
had
been
followed
in
previous
years
but
in
this
computation
for
the
first
time
a
deduction
entitled
‘‘
Bad
Debt
Expense’’
was
made
in
respect
of
the
debts
owing
to
the
partnership,
the
amount
deducted
being
$2,171.
Though
called
bad
debt
expense
the
item
was
in
substance
and
in
fact
a
deduction
of
a
reserve
in
respect
of
doubtful
debts.
For
the
year
1958
the
statements
were
again
prepared
on
the
same
basis
but
the
reserve
for
doubtful
debts
was
not
included
on
the
revenue
side
of
the
profit
and
loss
statement.
Instead
the
list
of
expenditures
included
a
credit
amount
of
$770
entitled
‘‘Bad
Debt
Expense”
the
net
effect
of
which
was
to
reduce
the
$2,171
reserve
in
that
year
to
$1,401.
In
adding
to
the
appellant’s
declared
income
for
the
1957
and
1958
taxation
his
share
of
the
$15,506.05
and
$2,662.52
received
in
those
years
respectively
in
payment
of
debts
owing
to
the
partnership
at
the
end
of
1956
the
Minister
purported
to
do
so
on
the
ground
that
‘‘Due
to
a
change
in
the
method
of
accountin
the
1957
calendar
year,
the
opening
accounts
receivable
in
that
year
have
never
been
taxed”
and
in
confirming
the
re-assessment
following
notice
of
objection
he
ruled
that
these
amounts
were
properly
included
‘‘in
accordance
with
the
provisions
of
subsection
(6)
of
section
141
of
the
Act’’.
The
subsection
referred
to
is
one
of
a
group
of
provisions
appearing
in
Part
VIII
of
the
Income
Tax
Act,
R.S.C.
1952,
c.
148,
entitled
“Transitional
Provisions’’
and
it
reads
as
follows:
“141.
(6)
Where,
upon
the
application
of
a
method
adopted
by
a
taxpayer
for
computing
his
income
from
a
business
or
property
for
a
taxation
year
to
which
this
Act
is
applicable,
an
amount
received
in
the
year
would
not
be
included
in
computing
his
income
for
the
year
because
on
the
application
of
that
method
it
would
have
been
included
in
computing
his
income
for
the
purposes
of
this
Act,
The
1948
Income
Tax
Act
or
the
Income
War
Tax
Act
for
a
previous
year
in
respect
of
which
it
was
receivable,
if
the
amount
was
not
included
in
computing
the
income
for
the
previous
year,
it
shall
be
included
in
computing
the
income
for
the
year
in
which
it
was
received.
’
’
It
will
be
observed
that
while
this
subsection
has
application
as
a
transitional
provision
it
is
not
limited
to
situations
in
which
on
the
application
of
the
method
the
amounts
referred
to
would
have
been
included
in
computing
income
for
years
in
which
either
of
the
two
earlier
statutes
applied
but
by
its
terms
applies
as
well
to
amounts
which
on
the
application
of
the
method
would
have
been
included
in
computing
income
for
an
earlier
year
to
which
the
Income
Tax
Act
itself
applies.
I
mention
this
because
of
a
submission
made
by
counsel
for
the
appellant
that
the
sub-
section
was
not
intended
to
apply
where
the
only
taxation
years
involved
were
years
to
which
the
Income
Tax
Act
applied.
On
the
wording
of
the
subsection
the
submission
in
my
opinion
cannot
succeed.
A
further
observation
to
be
made
is
that,
while
in
the
circumstances
described
or,
perhaps
more
accurately,
on
the
occasion
referred
to
in
it,
the
subsection
requires
that
there
be
brought
into
the
computation
of
income
for
a
particular
taxation
year
an
amount
which
would
not
ordinarily
enter
into
the
computation
of
the
taxpayer’s
income
for
that
year,
and
while
to
that
extent
the
subsection
alters
the
measure
of
income
prescribed
by
Sections
3
and
4
of
the
Act,
the
subsection
applies
only
‘‘if
the
amount
was
not
included
in
computing
the
income’’
for
‘‘a
previous
year
in
respect
of
which
it
was
receivable’’.
In
my
opinion
this
wording
does
not
refer
exclusively
to
the
taxpayer
or
to
what
he
has
done
but
to
whether
the
amount
was
in
fact
included
in
the
computation
of
income
upon
which
the
taxpayer
was
assessed
for
the
earlier
year.
What
the
taxpayer
included
may
be
material
if
the
Minister
has
adopted
the
computation.
But
the
Minister
is
not
bound
by
the
taxpayer’s
return.
He
may
or
may
not
have
used
the
same
method
of
computing
the
taxpayer’s
income
and
regardless
of
what
the
taxpayer
included
in
his
return
the
Minister
may
have
included
the
amount
in
his
computation
.If
he
did,
in
my
opinion
there
could
be
no
room
for
application
of
the
subsection.
However,
no
issue
was
raised
on
this
point
in
the
notice
of
appeal.
Instead
what
the
notice
of
appeal
set
forth
was
that
prior
to
1957
the
appellant
had
calculated
his
receipts
for
the
year
by
adding
together
his
cash
sales
and
the
amounts
received
from
persons
to
whom
he
had
extended
credit
and
that
4
for
the
taxation
year
1957
and
years
following
the
appellant
calculated
his
receipts
for
the
fiscal
year
by
adding
together
the
amount
of
cash
sales
and
the
amount
of
sales
made
in
which
credit
was
extended
during
the
fiscal
year
1957’’.
This
appears
to
me
to
state
that
for
the
year
1957
the
appellant
changed
from
what
is
commonly
referred
to
as
the
‘‘cash’’
method
which
he
had
used
prior
to
1957
to
what
is
known
as
the
44
accrual”
method.
Notwithstanding
this
statement,
however,
the
appellant
went
on
to
plead
that
he
had
made
no
change
in
his
method
of
computing
income
and
hade
made
no
application
to
the
Minister
to
concur
in
a
change
of
method
of
computing
income.
The
explanation
for
the
apparent
inconsistency
in
the
appellant’s
pleas
appears
to
lie
in
the
conte-
tion
to
which
reference
is
made
later
in
these
reasons
that
the
practice
followed
prior
to
1957
was
not
a
method
of
computing
income.
In
his
reply
the
Minister
did
not
admit
these
allegations
but
he
stated
that
in
re-assessing
the
appellant
he
assumed
a
number
of
facts
with
respect
to
what
was
included
in
the
appellant’s
computation
which
appear
to
me
to
be
substantially
to
the
same
effect
as
the
appellant’s
allegations.
He
did
not,
however,
state
that
the
amounts
in
question
had
not
been
included
in
his
computation
of
the
appellant’s
income
for
a
previous
year
or
years
in
respect
of
which
they
were
receivable
or
that
he
had
assumed
that
the
amounts
had
not
been
so
included.
The
critical
fact
upon
which
the
application
of
the
subsection
depended
was
thus
neither
put
in
issue
by
the
appellant
nor
expressly
alleged
by
the
Minister
in
his
reply.
It
had,
however,
been
suggested
by
the
wording
of
the
notice
of
re-assessment
and
it
appears
from
the
Minister’s
notification
that
it
was
the
basis
for
the
re-assessment.
It
sufficiently
appears,
therefore,
that
the
Minister
did
reassess
on
the
basis
that
the
sums
in
question
had
not
been
‘‘included
in
computing
the
income’’
of
the
appellant
for
‘‘a
previous
year
in
respect
of
which
[they
were]
receivable’’
and
accordingly
it
must
I
think
be
taken
that
so
far
as
this
particular
part
of
the
subsection
is
concerned
the
fact
required
for
its
application
exists.
I
should
add,
however,
because
of
the
argument
advanced
on
the
question,
that
in
my
view
nothing
in
the
evidence
establishes
that
the
sums
in
question
were
included
by
the
Minister
in
computing
the
income
of
the
taxpayer
for
any
previous
year.
The
appellant’s
main
point
with
respect
to
the
application
of
the
subsection
was
that
the
taxpayer
had
not
“adopted”
a
method
of
computing
his
income
from
the
business
for
the
years
1957
and
1958
within
the
meaning
of
the
subsection.
It
was
argued
first
that
since
the
appellant’s
computation
for
1956
and
earlier
years
was
not
in
accordance
with
the
Act
(vide
Ken
Steeves
Sales
Ltd.
v.
M.N.R.,
[1955]
Ex.
C.R.
108;
[1955]
C.T.C.
47)
it
could
not
be
regarded
as
a
method
of
computing
income
and
that
the
Minister
was
not
entitled
to
treat
it
as
an
acceptable
method
for
the
purposes
of
the
Act
in
assessing
the
appellant
for
1956
and
earlier
years
and
then
to
treat
the
use
by
the
taxpayer
of
the
accrual
method
for
1957
as
a
change
of
method,
but
should
have
attributed
the
1956
accounts
receivable
to
the
year
in
which
they
arose.
Secondly,
it
was
said
that
in
any
ease
the
Minister
was
not
entitled
to
treat
the
computation
in
the
appellant’s
return
as
a
change
of
method
until
the
taxpayer
had
applied
for
and
the
Minister
had
granted
his
approval
pursuant
to
Section
14(1)
of
a
change
of
method
of
computing
income.
Finally,
it
was
submitted
that
the
adoption
of
a
method
involved
an
act
by
the
taxpayer
of
a
voluntary
character
and
that,
since
no
method
of
computing
income
from
the
business
other
than
the
accrual
method
used
in
1957
and
1958
was
in
accordance
with
the
requirements
of
the
statute
and
the
taxpayer
therefore
had
no
choice
but
to
follow
it,
this
voluntary
character
was
lacking.
While
there
is
something
to
be
said
for
the
argument
that
the
accounts
owing
at
the
end
of
1956
should
have
been
brought
into
the
computation
and
taxed
as
income
for
the
years
in
which
they
arose,
it
is
to
be
observed
that
the
reason
they
were
not
brought
in
at
the
time
probably
was
the
failure
of
the
appellant
to
report
them
in
the
appropriate
year
and
moreover
that
the
evidence
does
not
disclose
the
year
or
years
in
which
they
did
in
fact
arise.
All
that
does
appear
is
that
they
arose
prior
to
1957.
To
bring
the
accounts
into
the
computation
for
the
years
in
which
they
arose
would
at
this
stage
involve
an
inquiry
probably
going
all
the
way
back
to
the
time
of
the
formation
of
the
partnership,
that
is
to
say
to
1945,
when
the
Income
War
Tax
Act
applied,
and
a
revision
of
the
computations
for
all
the
intervening
years
in
accordance
with
the
accrual
method.
If
this
had
been
done
there
might
have
been
a
year,
presumably
the
first
year
of
the
partnership,
in
which
the
revenues
were
understated
to
the
extent
of
the
receivables
at
the
end
of
that
year
and
in
that
case
the
amount
of
them
would
have
to
be
brought
into
the
computation
for
that
year
with
consequent
effect
on
the
tax
assessed
and
possibly
would
result
as
well
in
an
assessment
of
upwards
of
ten
years
interest
thereon.
Adjustments
in
respect
of
other
years
might
be
expected
to
produce
little
if
any
change
in
net
result.
Alternatively,
the
computations
might
have
been
made
on
the
accrual
basis
starting
with
the
year
1949,
the
first
year
to
which
the
1948
Income
Tax
Act
applied,
and
if
the
revision
were
being
made
at
the
instance
of
the
taxpayer,
who
does
not
want
Section
141(6)
to
apply
for
1957,
Section
141(6)
would
apply
to
require
the
inclusion
in
income
of
the
1948
receivables
in
the
years
when
they
were
ultimately
paid.
On
the
other
hand
if
the
revision
was
not
being
made
at
the
instance
of
the
taxpayer
the
consequence
would
be
that
the
1948
receivables
would
not
enter
into
the
computation
for
any
year
and
to
that
extent
profits
from
the
business
might
escape
taxation.
It
appears
to
me
that
Section
141(6)
was
designed
to
meet
this
kind
of
situation
by
providing
as
an
alternative
to
reviewing
and
revising
assessments
for
a
number
of
years,
as
to
some
of
which
a
limitation
period
may
have
come
into
operation,
that
the
adoption
by
the
taxpayer
of
a
method
of
computing
income
should
be
the
occasion
for
requiring
that
the
receivables
accumulated
in
earlier
years
should
be
added,
when
paid,
to
what
would
otherwise
be
the
income
for
the
year.
On
this
basis
the
taxpayer
is
taxed
on
income
which
has
in
fact
been
earned
in
an
earlier
year
but
which
was
not
brought
into
the
computation
and
taxed
as
income
for
that
year.
The
result
is
a
rough
and
ready
form
of
tax
adjustment
which,
though
it
could
turn
out
to
be
harsh
in
some
cases,
appears
to
me
to
be
authorized
and
required
by
the
subsection.
The
appellant’s
objection
accordingly
fails.
Turning
to
the
second
contention,
which
is
based
on
Section
14(1),
it
appears
to
me
that
if
it
be
assumed
that
the
manner
in
which
the
appellant’s
income
from
the
business
was
computed
prior
to
1957
was
not
a
method
of
computing
income
capable
of
being
accepted
for
the
purposes
of
Part
I
of
the
Act
there
is
no
room
for
applying
Section
14(1)
to
require
computation
for
1957
in
the
same
manner.
On
the
other
hand
if
it
be
assumed
that
this
manner
of
computing
income
was
capable
of
being
accepted
and
had
in
fact
been
accepted
it
appears
to
be
that
nothing
in
Section
14(1)
requires
any
formal
application
for
leave
to
change
a
method
of
computing
income
and
that
the
evidence
of
the
change
actually
made
by
the
taxpayer
in
his
return
for
1957
coupled
with
the
re-assessment
and
the
confirmation
of
it
by
the
Minister
conclusively
establishes
the
adoption
of
a
different
method
by
the
appellant
and
the
Minister’s
concurrence
therein.
This
contention
as
well
accordingly
fails.
With
respect
to
the
final
contention,
that
is
to
say,
that
Section
141(6)
refers
to
a
voluntary
adoption
of
a
method
by
a
taxpayer,
the
short
answer
appears
to
me
to
be
that
nothing
in
the
evidence
establishes
that
the
use
by
the
appellant
of
the
accrual
method
of
computing
his
profit
for
the
year
1957
was
anything
but
voluntary.
He
had,
according
to
the
evidence,
been
computing
profit
by
the
cash
receipts
and
expenditures
system
for
many
years
when
in
December
1956
a
letter
from
the
department
to
his
agent
suggested
that
the
Minister
was
not
satisfied
with
this
manner
of
reporting
income.
His
agent
replied
with
a
suggestion
that
the
method
had
been
accepted
as
a
method
adopted
by
the
taxpayer
but
that
since
in
his
opinion
the
accrual
method
would
be
a
better
method
of
computing
income
for
the
taxpayer
and
since
the
Minister
presumably
approved
of
it
he
would
recommend
that
the
taxpayer
adopt
it
for
1956.
In
fact,
however,
it
was
not
adopted
by
the
taxpayer
for
1956
but,
with
no
explanation
as
to
what
considerations
led
to
it
other
than
that
the
agent
considered
that
the
Ken
Steeves
case
required
it,
the
appellant’s
computation
for
1957
was
prepared
on
the
accrual
basis.
To
my
mind
this
is
quite
insufficient
to
establish
that
the
use
of
the
accrual
method
was
not
voluntary
or
that
it
was
not
“adopted”
by
the
appellant
within
the
meaning
of
that
expression
in
Section
141(6).
I
am
accordingly
of
the
opinion
that
the
additions
to
the
appellant’s
income
made
by
the
Minister
under
Section
141(6)
for
the
years
1957
and
1958
must
stand.
This
brings
me
to
the
question
of
the
adequacy
of
the
reserves
claimed
by
the
appellant
and
allowed
by
the
Minister
in
making
the
re-assessment.
The
provisions
with
respect
to
reserves
for
doubtful
debts
are
contained
in
Sections
6(e)
and
11(1)
(e)
of
the
Act
the
relevant
portions
of
which
read
as
follows
:
4
‘6.
Without
restricting
the
generality
of
section
3,
there
shall
be
included
in
computing
the
income
of
a
taxpayer
for
a
taxation
year
(e)
the
amount
deducted
as
a
reserve
for
doubtful
debts
in
computing
the
taxpayer’s
income
for
the
immediately
preceding
year;
11.
(1)
Notwithstanding
paragraphs
(a),
(b)
and
(h)
of
subsection
(1)
of
section
12,
the
following
amounts
may
be
deducted
in
computing
the
income
of
a
taxpayer
for
a
taxation
year:
(e)
a
reasonable
amount
as
a
reserve
for
(i)
doubtful
debts
that
have
been
included
in
computing
the
income
of
the
taxpayer
for
that
year
or
a
previous
year,”
As
already
stated
deductions
of
$2,171
and
$1,401
for
the
years
1957
and
1958
respectively
were
allowed
by
the
Minister
these
being
the
amounts
claimed
by
the
appellant
in
his
returns.
In
his
notice
of
objection
the
appellant
contended
that
these
amounts
were
grossly
inadequate
and
that
they
should
be
increased
to
331,
per
cent
of
the
total
accounts.
The
Minister,
however,
declined
to
increase
them.
At
the
trial
evidence
was
given
by
Mr.
David
Lazonsky,
a
chartered
accountant,
who
in
November
1960
and
again
in
November
1963
made
a
study
of
the
accounts
for
the
purpose
of
forming
an
opinion
of
what
amounts
would
be
reasonable.
He
stated
that
he
took
into
account
a
number
of
considerations
including
payments
actually
received
in
January
and
February
of
the
following
year
and
he
reached
the
conclusion
that
a
proper
reserve
would
consist
of
the
whole
amount
of
certain
old
accounts
for
which
notes
had
been
obtained
plus
two-thirds
of
the
amount
of
the
rest
of
the
accounts
outstanding
at
the
end
of
the
year
which
contained
unpaid
items
more
than
60
days
old
at
the
end
of
the
year.
The
effect
of
this
is
of
course
to
include
in
the
reserve
considerably
more
than
two-thirds
of
the
amount
outstanding
at
the
end
of
February
in
each
year.
This
opinion
is
not
borne
out
by
what
actually
occurred
later
in
payment
of
the
accounts
and
I
regard
it
as
unsound.
Evidence
was
also
given
by
Mr.
David
Ferriss,
who
impressed
me
as
a
credible
witness
whose
long
experience
in
the
business
afforded
a
substantial
basis
of
knowledge
on
which
to
form
an
opinion.
He
stated
that
while
as
a
rule
of
thumb
10
per
cent
had
been
a
useful
guide
in
the
business
in
the
years
before
the
depression
in
estimating
probable
losses
on
book
accounts,
it
was
not
satisfactory
for
the
years
in
question
and
he
expressed
the
opinion
that
10%
was
‘‘not
one-third
enough’’,
The
evidence
and
admissions
indicate
that
at
the
end
of
1956
the
accounts
receivable
totalled
$20,220
of
which
$15,506
was
paid
in
1957
leaving
$4,714
representing
unpaid
accounts
of
1956
and
earlier
years
which
had
not
been
taken
into
income.
As
total
accounts
receivable
at
the
end
of
1957
amounted
to
$21,706
the
receivables
in
respect
of
which
a
reserve
for
doubtful
debts
might
be
deducted
under
Section
11(1)
(e)
in
computing
1957
income
thus
amounted
to
$16,992.
In
the
course
of
his
study
Mr.
Lazonsky
prepared
Exhibit
10
which
is
a
list
of
accounts
owing
at
the
end
of
1957
totalling
$16,425
all
of
which
contained
unpaid
items
which
were
then
more
than
60
days
old.
After
allowing
for
the
$4,714
representing
1956
receivables,
which
must
have
been
included,
this
list
would
thus
include
$11,531
in
1957
receivables.
As
the
statements
accompanying
the
appellant’s
income
tax
return
for
1957
are
dated
April
16,
1958
it
appears
to
me
to
be
reasonable
to
assume
that
the
appellant
when
preparing
his
return
for
1958
should
have
known
how
much
of
this
$11,531
had
been
paid
at
least
up
to
the
end
of
March
1958
and
the
particulars
furnished
by
the
appellant
in
this
appeal
indicate
that
roughly
$3,200
of
the
amount
had
in
fact
been
paid
by
that
date
leaving
a
balance
of
about
$8,331
still
outstanding.
With
respect
to
the
portion
of
the
1957
receivables
not
included
in
Mr.
Lazonsky’s
study
as
there
is
no
evidence
that
any
of
them
ever
became
overdue
I
think
I
must
assume
that
they
were
paid
when
due
and
leave
them
out
of
my
calculation.
At
the
time
of
making
the
return
therefore
there
was
a
total
of
about
$8,331
in
unpaid
receivables
in
respect
of
which
a
reasonable
reserve
might
be
deducted,
all
of
which
receivables
were
already
more
than
three
months
old
and
portions
of
which
were
more
than
five
months
old.
The
particulars
and
Exhibit
10
indicate
that
by
the
end
of
October
1958,
when
some
portion
of
the
$11,531
would
have
been
a
year
old,
and
all
of
it
would
have
been
at
least
ten
months
old,
some
$8,042
had
been
paid,
the
balance
remaining
unpaid
being
in
the
vicinity
of
$3,493.
Thus
ten
months
after
the
end
of
the
year
in
which
the
receivables
were
treated
as
income
and
taxed
as
profits
of
the
year
$3,493
remained
unpaid
and
against
this
the
appellant
had
a
reserve
of
but
$2,171.
Turning
to
1958,
Exhibit
11,
Mr.
Lazonsky’s
list
of
accounts
owing
at
the
end
of
the
year
containing
items
more
than
60
days
old,
totals
$11,960.
As
$2,662
of
the
$4,714
remnant
of
1956
receivables
had
been
paid
during
the
year
the
$11,960
would
therefore
include
$2,052
in
1956
receivables
and
$9,908
in
1957
and
1958
receivables.
Of
the
latter
amount
about
$1,700
appears
from,
the
exhibit
and
from
the
particulars
to
have
been
paid
by
the
end
of
March
1959
leaving
some
$8,200
uncollected
at
the
time
of
preparation
of
the
1958
income
tax
return.
By
the
end
of
October
1959,
when
some
portion
of
each
of
these
accounts
would
have
been
more
than
a
year
old
and
all
of
them
would
have
been
at
least
ten
months
old,
there
was
still,
according
to
Exhibit
11,
at
least
$3,558
of
the
total
unpaid.
This
experience
with
respect
to
both
the
1957
and
1958
receivables
appears
to
me
to
bear
out
Mr.
Ferriss’
opinion
that
a
reserve
of
10
per
cent
was
not
sufficient,
and
I
think
this
is
so
whether
the
percentage
is
applied
to
the
balance
owing
at
the
time
of
preparation
of
the
return
or
to
the
amount
of
accounts
owing
at
the
end
of
the
taxation
year.
I
am
moreover
not
impressed
by
the
fact
that
by
November
1963
most
of
the
amounts
had
been
paid.
Had
the
appellant
known
in
April
1957
and
1958
that
he
would
have
to
wait
for
a
matter
of
years
for
payment
of
these
accounts
he
would
I
think
have
had
good
reason
to
regard
them
as
doubtful
and
probably
good
reason
to
regard
some
of
them
as
bad.
On
the
whole
viewing
the
position
as
nearly
as
possible
as
of
the
time
when
the
1957
return
was
made
and
having
regard
both
to
Mr.
Ferriss’
opinion
and
to
the
extent
to
which
support
for
it
may
be
found
in
the
facts
which
I
have
mentioned
with
respect
to
the
accounts
I
do
not
think
a
sound
estimate
made
in
April
1958
of
the
present
value
of
the
$8,311
still
remaining
unpaid
would
have
been
in
excess
of
two-thirds
of
the
total
that
is
to
say
$5,554
and
I
am
satisfied
that
a
reasonable
reserve
for
doubtful
debts
under
Section
11(1)
(e)
for
1957
would
have
amounted
to
at
least
$2,700.
On
the
same
basis
I
am
also
satisfied
that
for
1958
instead
of
being
reduced
to
$1,401
the
reserve
should
have
been
maintained
at
$2,700.
To
the
extent
indicated
the
appellant
is
accordingly
entitled
to
relief
in
respect
of
both
the
1957
and
1958
re-assessments.
In
the
course
of
the
trial
it
also
appeared
that
the
merchandise
sales
for
the
year
1957
had
by
mistake
been
overstated
at
$104,792
and
the
correct
figure
having
subsequently
been
agreed
upon
at
$102,770
leave
to
amend
the
notice
of
appeal
to
allege
this
was
granted
and
counsel
for
the
Minister,
very
properly,
in
my
opinion,
consented
to
an
order
that
the
1957
re-assessment
be
referred
back
to
the
Minister
for
reconsideration
and
reassessment
accordingly.
The
appellant
is
therefore
entitled
to
relief
in
this
respect
as
well.
In
the
result
the
appeal
will
be
allowed
and
the
re-assessments
for
both
years
will
be
referred
back
to
the
Minister
for
reconsideration
and
re-assessment
in
accordance
with
these
reasons.
As
there
is
only
one
proceeding
and
the
appellant
has
achieved
success
in
respect
of
a
portion
of
the
matters
raised
against
the
re-assessments
for
both
of
the
years
involved
in
the
appeal,
he
is
entitled
to
his
costs.
Judgment
accordingly.