KELLOCK,
J.:—In
these
appeals
the
appellant
claims
to
deduct,
for
the
purpose
of
computing
its
taxable
income
for
the
fiscal
years
ending
January
31,
1945
and
1946,
respectively,
a
“reserve”
for
loss
on
returns
representing
the
profit
element
in
the
sale
price,
as
distinct
from
the
sale
price
itself,
of
periodicals
in
the
hands
of
dealers
on
the
above
dates
unsold
and
expected
to
be
returned
to
the
appellant.
In
its
profit
and
loss
accounts
for
each
of
the
years
in
question,
the
appellant
has
arrived
at
gross
profit
by
taking
the
amount
of
the
sale
price
of
all
periodicals
delivered
to
dealers
during
the
fiscal
year,
less
the
amount
of
the
“reserve”
above
referred
to,
and
deducting
therefrom
its
own
cost.
It
is
the
contention
of
the
Minister
that
the
deduction
of
this
reserve
is
prohibited
by
the
terms
of
Section
6(1)(d)
of
The
Income
Tax
Act.
The
appellant
has
throughout
rested
its
claim
for
the
deduction
of
this
reserve
exclusively.
upon
the
footing
that
all
of
its
deliveries
to
dealers
were
“on
consignment”.
This
was
specifically
pleaded
below
in
connection
with
the
1946
assessment.
There
were
no
pleadings
with
respect
to
the
year
1945.
In
his
opening
to
the
Income
Tax
Appeal
Board,
counsel
for
the
appellant
stated
that
‘‘it
is
made
clear
to
each
dealer
before
he
commences
business
with
the
wholesaler
that
he
obtains
his
merchandise
on
consignment
and
subject
to
the
right
of
the
Sinnott
News
to
repossess
the
magazines
whenever
it
pleases.”
This
is
again
the
position
exclusively
taken
in
the
appellant’s
factum
in
this
court.
I
find
myself
in
agreement
with
the
learned
trial
judge
that,
in
fact,
the
conduct
of
the
appellant’s
business
was
not
in
accord
with
the
position
thus
taken
by
the
appellant.
The
only
thing
that
was
in
accord
was
that
the
statements
which
accompanied
shipments
of
magazines
to
dealers
bore
the
words
‘‘on
consignment”,
although
even
these
words
were
missing
in
the
case
of
repeat
orders.
Thereafter,
however,
the
appellant
treated
the
deliveries
as
actual
sales.
The
deliveries
were
made
three
times
a
week
and
on
the
following
Wednesday
of
each
week,
a
statement
of
account
was
sent
to
each
dealer
particularizing
the
deliveries
of
the
preceding
week
and
notifying
the
dealers
that
such
amounts
were
“now
due’’.
Again,
all
deliveries
were
immediately
charged
in
the
books
of
the
appellant
to
each
dealer
and
included
in
the
appellant’s
accounts
receivable.
Moreover,
when
magazines
were
returned,
a
credit
note
was
issued
by
the
appellant
to
the
dealers.
Apart
from
the
undoubted
right
on
the
part
of
the
dealers
to
return
the
magazines,
with
which
I
shall
subsequently
deal,
there
was
really
nothing
in
the
method
of
carrying
on
the
appellant’s
business
which
supports
the
position
they
now
take,
apart
from
the
use
of
the
word
“consignment”
on
the
invoices
to
which
I
have
referred.
I
am
accordingly
of
opinion
that
there
was
ample
evidence
for
the
finding
of
the
learned
trial
judge
and
that
the
appellant
cannot
succeed
on
this
ground.
While
the
learned
trial
judge
in
the
course
of
his
judgment
states
that
it
was
understood
between
the
appellant
and
its
dealers
that
the
goods
were
delivered
on
the
basis
of
‘‘fully
on
sale
or
return’’,
this
statement
is
amplified
in
the
following
sentence
of
his
judgment,
which
states
that
‘‘the
retailer
is
notified
by
the
respondent
as
to
the
date
by
which
unsold
goods
are
to
be
returned,
and
upon
their
return
by
that
date
full
credit
is
given
to
the
retailer
for
the
amount
he
has
paid
or
been
charged.’’
It
would
be
inconsistent
with
the
conclusion
to
which
the
learned
judge
ultimately
came
that
the
goods
were
sold
by
the
appellant
to
its
dealers
on
delivery
that
he
should
be
taken
in
his
reference
to
the
understanding
that
the
goods
were
‘‘delivered
on
the
basis
of
fully
on
sale
or
return’’
to
be
making
a
finding
that
the
parties
were
dealing
on
the
basis
of
“sale
or
return’’
as
that
phrase
is
understood
in
law.
The
learned
judge
appears
rather,
in
using
this
language,
to
have
had
in
mind
the
evidence
given
by
the
witness
Sinnott
before
the
Income
Tax
Appeal
Board,
namely:
“We
sell
everything
to
the
retailer
on
the
sale
or
return.
Our
invoices
that
we
deliver
with
the
goods
are
marked
‘on
consignment’.”
This
witness
drew
no
distinction
between
deliveries
on
consignment
and
deliveries
‘‘on
the
sale
or
return’’.
It
is
in
this
sense
he
was
understood
by
the
learned
trial
Judge,
who,
on
this
footing,
puts
the
issue
as
follows:
“.
.
.
the
sole
question
to
be
determined
is
whether
or
not
there
was
a
sale
of
the
goods
by
the
company
to
the
retailers.??
This
is
followed
almost
immediately
by
the
statement
that
:
4
‘Now,
the
only
suggestion
that
the
goods
were
delivered
‘on
consignment’
is
the
use
of
those
words
on
the
delivery
slips.”
It
was
not
argued
on
behalf
of
the
appellant
that
the
deliveries
here
in
question
were
on
“‘sale
or
return’’.
His
contention,
as
already
mentioned,
was
that
all
deliveries
were
on
consignment.
I
would,
in
any
event,
be
of
opinion
that
the
same
considerations
which
negative
a
consignment
basis,
equally
negative
‘‘sale
or
return’’.
Section
19
of
The
Sale
of
Goods
Act,
R.S.O.
1950,
c.
345,
Rule
4,
which
deals
with
the
passing
of
the
property
in
the
case
of
goods
delivered
on
sale
or
return,
is
prefaced
by
the
words
“unless
a
different
intention
appears’’.
For
the
reasons
already
given,
I
think
it
clearly
appears
that
the
property
passed
to
the
dealers
upon
delivery
of
the
magazines.
This,
however,
does
not
end
the
matter,
as
the
parties
were
at
one
that
there
was
a
right
on
the
part
of
the
dealers
to
return
the
magazines
at
any
time.
The
witness
Parke,
called
on
behalf
of
the
Minister,
testified
:
“Q.
In
any
event,
you
exercise
the
right
to
return
anything
and
everything
you
desire?
A.
That
is
right.’’
The
witness
made
it
clear
that
this
right
was
exercisable
at
any
time
and
the
evidence
on
behalf
of
the
appellant
is
to
the
same
effect.
This
being
so,
while
the
transactions
between
the
appellant
and
its
dealers
were
sales
and
not
deliveries
on
consignment,
they
were
nevertheless
sales
subject
to
a
condition
subsequent,
the
result
being
that,
in
the
case
of
magazines
actually
returned,
the
property
re-vested
in
the
appellant;
Head
v.
Tattersall,
7
Ex.
D.
7
per
Cleasby,
B.,
at
14;
May
v.
Conn,
23
O.L.R.
102;
Benjamin,
8th
ed.
415.
The
situation
would
be
otherwise
where
there
is
a
sale
but
the
vendor
has
bound
himself
to
repurchase
in
certain
events,
such
as
was
considered
to
be
the
situation
in
The
Vesta,
[1921]
1
A.C.
774
at
782-3.
Accordingly,
the
appellant
is
not
entitled
to
set
up,
as
it
has
done,
any
reserve
of
profits.
The
reserve
sought
to
be
set
up
is
made
up
of
the
profit
element
in
the
sale
value
of
goods
delivered
to
dealers
during
each
of
the
years
in
question
which
the
appellant
estimated
would
be
returned
to
it
during
the
three
months
following.
This
estimate,
to
quote
the
appellant’s
factum,
‘‘was
practical,
reasonably
accurate,
and
arrived
at
on
the
basis
of
the
actual
experience
of
the
company
with
each
magazine
for
a
reasonable
time
prior
to
the
end
of
the
year’’.
As
deposed
to
by
the
witness
Sinnott,
at
the
end
of
the
three
month
period,
the
appellant
would
‘‘know
exactly’’
the
value
of
goods
actually
returned.
Accordingly,
instead
of
deducting
the
above
mentioned
reserve
from
the
sales
figure
in
respect
of
each
of
the
years
in
question,
the
appellant
should
be
entitled,
in
its
income
tax
returns,
to
deduct
the
estimated
sales
value
itself,
subject,
however,
when
the
actual
figure
is
ascertained
at
the
end
of
the
three
months’
period,
to
adjustment
in
the
year
in
which
such
returns
are
actually
made.
Although
the
appellant
fails
with
respect
to
the
basis
upon
which
it
contested
this
litigation,
the
practical
result
is
the
same.
I
would
therefore
allow
the
appeals
with
costs
here
and
below.
Locke,
J.
(Cartwright
and
Fauteux,
J
J.,
concurring)
:—This
appeal
concerns
the
appellant’s
liability
for
income
and
excess
profits
taxes
in
respect
of
its
fiscal
years
terminating
on
January
dl,
1945
and
1946.
The
facts
which
affect
the
question
are
the
same
in
each
of
these
years
and
the
matter
may
be
conveniently
dealt
with
by
considering
the
relevant
evidence
as
to
the
former
only.
The
appellant
distributes
magazines
and
other
periodicals
to
some
2,900
retail
dealers
in
Toronto
and
elsewhere
in
the
Province
of
Ontario.
It
receives
its
supplies
of
these
publications
either
from
the
publishers
or
from
distributors
representing
them,
accounting
for
them
under
agreements
a
typical
specimen
of
which
is
in
evidence,
being
an
agreement
between
the
Curtis
Publishing
Company
and
the
appellant
dated
August
1,
1942.
Under
that
agreement,
deliveries
of
the
publications
of
that
company
are
made
to
the
appellant
on
consignment
for
the
purpose
of
enabling
their
distribution
to
retailers,
the
price
received
from
these
dealers,
less
specified
deductions,
being
remitted
to
the
publisher
and
the
cover
pages
of
unsold
copies
returned.
The
status
of
the
appellant
under
this
and
other
similar
agreements
with
publishers
or
wholesale
distributors
appears
to
be
that
of
a
mercantile
agent
to
which
The
Factors
Act,
R.S.O.
1950,
c.
125,
would
apply.
The
arrangements
made
between
the
appellant
and
the
retailers
to
whom
it
delivers
the
publications
for
sale
have
been
found
by
the
learned
trial
judge
to
constitute
deliveries
on
sale
or
return
and,
accordingly,
Rule
4
of
Section
19
of
The
Sale
of
Goods
Act
(R.S.O.
1950,
c.
345)
applies.
Section
19,
Rule
4,
of
The
Sale
of
Goods
Act
of
Ontario
was
taken
verbatim
from
Rule
4
of
Section
18
of
The
Sale
of
Goods
Act,
1893
(Imp.).
The
expression
delivery
‘‘on
sale
or
return’’
had
a
well
known
meaning
under
the
law
merchant
prior
to
being
incorporated
in
that
statute.
That
meaning
was
stated
by
Sir
George
Jessel,
M.R.,
in
Ex
parte
Wingfield
(1879),
L.R.
10
Ch.D.
591
at
593,
as
follows:
“Let
us
consider
then,
what
is
the
position
of
a
man
who
has
goods
sent
to
him
on
sale
or
return.
He
receives
the
goods
from
the
true
owner
with
an
option
of
becoming
the
owner,
which
can
be
exercised
in
one
of
three
ways—by
buying
the
goods
at
the
price
named
by
the
vendor;
by
selling
the
goods
to
some
one
else,
which
is
taken
to
be
a
declaration
of
his
option
;
or
by
keeping
them
so
long
that
it
would
be
unreasonable
that
he
should
return
them.”
This
definition
was
adopted
by
the
Court
of
Appeal
four
years
after
the
passing
of
the
statute
in
Kirkham
v.
Attenborough,
[1897]
1
Q.B.
201.
For
the
fiscal
year
ending
January
31,
1944,
and
for
at
least
some
years
previously,
the
appellant,
in
preparing
its
annual
balance
sheet
and
profit
and
loss
account
for
income
tax
purposes,
included
as
accounts
receivable
the
amounts
which
would
become
owing
by
the
retail
dealers
in
respect
of
publications
delivered
to
them
on
sale
or
return
in
the
same
manner
as
would
have
been
done
had
the
goods
been
sold
outright.
In
preparing
the
profit
and
loss
account,
the
price
payable,
if
they
were
sold
or
retained,
for
the
goods
in
the
hands
of
the
dealers
on
these
terms
was
included
in
the
total
of
the
sales.
In
this
manner,
the
company
was
assessed
to
income
tax
for
amounts
which
included
the
profit
upon
goods
delivered
on
sale
or
return,
in
respect
of
which
the
dealers
might
or
might
not
exercise
their
right
to
purchase
or
which
they
might
otherwise
elect
not
to
return.
Up
to
and
including
January
31,
1944,
the
appellant
claimed
as
a
business
expense
for
the
year
following
the
termination
of
its
fiscal
year
the
amounts
refunded
by
it
for
publications
delivered
during
the
previous
year
and,
during
the
war
years
when
paper
supplies
were
short
and
the
numbers
of
the
various
publications
consequently
limited,
the
returns
from
retail
dealers
in
respect
of
which
it
was
necessary
to
give
credits
were
comparatively
small
in
number
and
the
appellant
was
apparently
content
to
be
taxed
on
this
footing.
During
the
fiscal
year
ending
January
31,
1945,
there
were
larger
supplies
of
available
paper,
with
the
result
that
most
of
the
publishers
increased
considerably
the
number
of
their
publications
printed
and
more
ample
supplies
were
available
for
the
retail
dealers.
Apparently
as
a
result
of
this,
much
greater
numbers
of
publications
were
returned
by
the
retailers
for
which
they
became
entitled
to
credit,
these
returns
running
as
high
as
30
to
35%
of
the
goods
delivered.
In
spite
of
the
fact
that
the
practice
of
delivering
the
publications
on
sale
or
return
had
continued
throughout
the
year,
the
appellant
continued
to
show
the
amounts
which
might
become
payable
by
the
retailers
if
they
elected
to
purchase
the
publications
or
retain
them
beyond
the
time
limited
for
their
return
as
if
they
were
sales
outright.
At
the
end
of
this
fiscal
year,
the
balance
sheet
showed
accounts
receivable
of
$64,256.83,
representing
the
amounts
which
would
become
payable
by
the
retailers
if
all
merchandise
then
in
their
hands
on
sale
or
return
was
retained.
Similarly,
in
the
profit
and
loss
account
the
gross
figure
for
sales
included
this
merchandise
and
the
net
profit
was
computed
as
if
all
of
the
deliveries
had
been
sales.
Since
this
would,
as
it
had
in
previous
years,
result
in
the
company
being
taxed
upon
an
amount
for
income
which
would,
of
necessity,
be
excessive
if
any
such
proportion
of
the
publications
so
delivered
were
returned,
the
accountants
for
the
company
set
up
a
reserve
for
loss
on
returns
of
$11,574.69.
This
was
the
taxpayer’s
estimate
of
the
credits
which,
in
the
ordinary
course
of
business,
it
would
be
necessary
to
give
to
the
retailers
for
publications
returned
after
January
31,
1945,
which
had
been
in
their
hands
on
sale
or
return
on
that
date.
Section
6(1)
(d)
of
the
Income
War
Tax
Act
(R.S.C.
1927,
c.
97
as
amended)
provided
that,
in
computing
the
amount
of
the
profits
or
gains
to
be
assessed,
no
deduction
shall
be
allowed
for
amounts
credited
as
a
reserve,
except
such
an
amount
for
bad
debts
as
the
Minister
may
allow
and
except
as
otherwise
provided
in
the
Act.
The
Minister
disallowed
the
amount
so
set
up
as
a
reserve
and
assessed
the
appellant
as
if
the
deliveries
included
in
the
accounts
receivable
for
the
year
in
question
had
all
been
sales.
No
question
of
credibility
arises
in
considering
the
evidence
of
the
witnesses,
there
being
no
conflict
on
any
material
point.
It
is
true
that
the
witness
Sinnott,
the
president
of
the
appellant
company,
said
that
they
4
sold”
on
consignment,
meaning
presumably
that
the
goods
were
delivered
on
consignment,
but
his
description
of
the
arrangements
and
that
of
the
accountant
Willcock
and
of
the
witness
Parke
show
clearly
that
this
was
inaccurate
and
that
the
deliveries
were
on
sale
or
return,
as
found
by
the
learned
trial
judge.
Under
the
verbal
agreements
made
between
the
appellant
and
the
various
retailers,
the
publications
were
delivered
thrice
weekly.
With
each
delivery
an
account,
which
showed
the
amount
which
would
be
payable
if
all
the
goods
then
and
theretofore
delivered
were
retained
by
the
dealer,
accompanied
the
goods.
The
retailer
was
required
to
pay
a
stipulated
price
for
each
of
the
publications
sold
by
him
or
retained
beyond
dates
specified
from
time
to
time
by
the
appellant.
The
amounts
payable,
which
would
rarely
be
the
amount
of
the
balance
shown
on
the
account,
were
to
be
paid
either
w
eekly
or,
in
the
case
of
some
large
dealers
such
as
the
United
Cigar
Stores,
monthly.
For
publications
returned
within
the
required
times,
credit
was
given
in
the
running
account
kept
by
the
appellant
and
payments
made
since
the
delivery
of
the
last
account
were
shown
as
credits.
The
retailer
might
return
at
any
time
publications
which,
for
any
reason,
he
did
not
wish
to
retain
further
other
than
those
in
respect
of
which
he
had
become
liable
and,
on
its
part,
the
appellant
might
require
the
return
of
any
of
them
at
its
option.
Keeping
the
accounts
in
this
manner,
it
is
true,
did
not
show
the
true
nature
of
the
transactions
since
the
property
in
the
goods
did
not
pass
to
the
retailer,
nor
w
as
he
liable
for
the
amounts
shown
except
to
the
extent
that
he
had
sold
the
goods
or
failed
to
return
them
within
the
agreed
period,
or
otherwise
exercised
what
Jessel,
M.R.,
in
Wingfield’s
case
referred
to
as
his
option
to
become
the
owner
of
them.
Keeping
an
inventory
of
the
goods
remaining
in
the
dealers’
hands
from
time
to
time
which
were
the
property
of
the
appellant
and
charging
the
dealer
only
with
the
price
of
those
in
respect
of
which
the
property
had
passed
to
him
and
for
which
he
had
become
liable
would,
no
doubt,
have
been
a
more
accurate
way
of
recording
the
transactions.
But
as
to
this,
the
appellant
contends
that
the
cost
of
maintaining
a
staff
sufficient
to
keep
such
a
running
inventory
on
its
behalf
would
be
prohibitive
and
impractical.
While
the
learned
trial
judge
found
as
a
fact
that
the
deliveries
made
to
the
retailer
were
on
sale
or
return,
he
concluded
that
they
were
thereafter
treated
by
the
parties
as
outright
sales
and
that,
accordingly,
the
amounts
which
would
become
payable
by
the
dealers
if
the
goods
in
their
hands
were
all
sold
or
retained
should
be
treated
as
accounts
payable.
At
the
hearing
it
was
contended
on
behalf
of
the
appellant
that
the
publications
in
the
hands
of
the
dealers
were
delivered
on
consignment,
properly
in
my
opinion.
There
is
a
clear
distinction
to
be
made
between
goods
held
on
consignment
which
a
mercantile
agent
may
sell
on
behalf
of
his
principal
qua
agent,
to
which
the
provisions
of
The
Factors
Act
apply,
and
deliveries
made
on
sale
or
return,
to
which
The
Sale
of
Goods
Act
applies.
In
the
latter
case,
the
person
in
possession
of
the
goods
exercising
his
option
to
purchase
them
sells
them
qua
principal.
I
am
unable,
with
respect,
to
agree
with
the
finding
that
in
the
present
matter
these
transactions
became
outright
sales.
In
coming
to
this
conclusion,
the
learned
trial
judge
emphasized
the
fact
that
in
the
case
of
the
United
Cigar
Stores,
the
accounts
of
which
concern
with
the
appellant
were
paid
monthly,
they
admittedly
paid
the
amount
shown
by
the
appellant’s
accounts
for
publications
delivered
to
its
stores,
less
the
amounts
credited
for
publications
returned
during
the
month
in
question.
When
the
transaction
is
examined,
however,
it
does
not
support
the
conclusion.
The
United
Cigar
Stores
operate
a
great
many
business
places
in
Toronto
and
the
vicinity
which
are
supplied
by
the
appellant.
As
publications
are
delivered
to
the
individual
stores,
accounts
are
delivered
showing
the
amount
payable
up
to
the
date
of
the
delivery
if
all
the
publications
then
and
theretofore
delivered
were
sold
or
retained.
The
witness
Parke,
the
secretarytreasurer
of
the
company,
said
that
weekly
statements
of
the
publications
delivered
to
the
various
stores
were
sent
to
his
office
and
that,
at
the
end
of
the
month,
a
further
statement,
which
was
a
recapitulation
of
the
accounts
of
all
of
the
stores
showing
the
amounts
which
would
be
payable
upon
the
above
basis
and
giving
credit
for
returns
made
during
the
period,
was
sent.
The
amount
so
shown
was
paid
by
the
company
on
the
20th
of
the
following
month
and,
no
doubt,
would
include
payment
for
some
publications
on
hand
at
the
end
of
the
previous
month
for
which
the
company
was
not
liable
on
the
sale
or
return
basis.
Since
no
running
inventory
was
kept
of
the
publications
in
the
individual
stores,
either
by
the
appellant
or
by
United
Cigar
Stores,
the
exact
amount
payable
at
the
time
of
the
delivery
of
the
monthly
statement
was
not
ascertainable.
There
was
no
business
risk
to
the
company,
however,
in
paying
on
this
basis
since,
in
the
interval
between
the
end
of
the
month
and
the
20th
of
the
month
following,
large
quantities
of
publications
would
be
sold
in
the
company’s
stores
for
which
it
was
liable
to
make
payment.
The
learned
trial
judge
referred
in
particular
to
an
account
marked
Exhibit
B
delivered
by
the
appellant
to
United
Cigar
Store
No.
31
on
March
15,
1952,
which
included
a
charge
for
goods
delivered
on
the
day
previous
which,
he
considered,
indicated
that
the
transactions
were
treated
as
sales
and
not
as
if
the
goods
were
held
on
consignment.
This,
however,
overlooks
the
evidence
as
to
the
reason
why
these
running
accounts
were
delivered
with
the
merchandise,
and
also
the
evidence
of
the
witness
Parke
who
described
the
manner
in
which
the
accounts
of
that
company
with
the
appellant
were
handled.
Exhibit
B
was
on
a
printed
form
which
contained
a
statement
that
the
“last
amount
in
this
column
is
now
due’’.
But
this
was
inaccurate
and
was
disregarded
not
only
by
the
United
Cigar
Stores
but
all
other
dealers
in
settling
for
goods
for
which
they
had
become
liable.
It
may
also
be
pointed
out
that
the
real
question
was
not
whether
the
transactions
were
outright
sales
or
sales
of
goods
held
on
consignment,
but
rather
as
to
whether
they
were
outright
sales
or
sales
of
goods
held
on
sale
or
return.
Other
circumstances
considered
by
the
learned
judge
to
be
relevant
in
determining
the
true
nature
of
the
transaction
were
that
no
running
inventory
was
kept
by
the
appellant
of
the
goods
held
by
the
dealers,
that
the
accounts
were
carried
as
accounts
receivable
and
treated
as
such
in
the
annual
balance
sheet,
and
the
further
fact
that
the
appellant
carried
no
insurance
on
the
goods
in
the
hands
of
the
retailers.
The
reason
that
such
inventories
were
not
kept
by
the
appellant
was
explained.
The
manner
in
which
the
amounts
which
would
have
been
payable
by
the
dealers
at
the
end
of
the
fiscal
year,
had
they
then
elected
to
purchase
all
of
the
goods
in
their
possession
or
otherwise
had
become
liable
for
them,
were
included
in
the
accounts
receivable,
is
as
above
stated.
The
fact
that
no
insurance
was
carried
by
the
appellant
on
these
stocks
is,
in
my
opinion,
altogether
insufficient
to
justify
a
finding
that
the
deliveries
made
on
sale
or
return
had
been,
by
the
conduct
of
the
parties,
transformed
into
something
completely
different.
The
accuracy
of
the
conclusion
reached
at
the
trial
may
be
tested,
in
my
opinion,
by
considering
whether,
in
view
of
the
uncontradicted
evidence
as
to
the
nature
of
the
agreements
made
by
the
appellant
with
the
retailers,
the
appellant
could
have
brought
actions
against
them
on
January
31,
1945,
to
recover
the
balances
shown
in
their
respective
accounts
in
its
books
before
they
had
elected
to
exercise
or
reject
their
option
to
purchase
the
merchandise
or
to
return
it
within
the
time
limited.
Such
an
action
would
inevitably
fail,
in
my
opinion.
The
argument
that
the
goods
were
delivered
on
consignment
failed.
From
an
income
tax
standpoint,
I
think
the
position
of
a
person
holding
goods
on
sale
or
return
who
has
not
exercised
his
option
to
purchase
or
otherwise
become
liable
to
the
owner
would
be
the
same
as
if
they
were
held
on
consignment.
In
the
case
of
the
bankruptcy
of
the
dealer,
the
property
would
not
pass
to
the
trustee
in
either
case
(Ea:
parte
Wingfield
above
referred
to;
In
re
Ford,
[1929]
1
Ch.
134;
Williams
on
Bankruptcy,
IGth
ed.
316).
While
I
think
the
manner
in
which
the
appellant
conducted
its
business
and
carried
its
accounts
and
designated
the
amount
estimated
as
that
which
would,
in
the
ordinary
course
of
business,
be
refunded
to
the
dealers
for
goods
returned
out
of
the
stocks
in
their
hands
as
a
reserve
for
loss
on
returns,
really
invited
the
assessment
made
by
the
Minister,
this
should
not
affect
the
proper
determination
of
this
matter.
When
the
true
nature
of
these
transactions
is
determined,
in
my
opinion,
the
claim
of
the
appellant
on
this
appeal
is
established.
I
would
allow
both
appeals
and
refer
the
matter
back
to
the
Minister
with
a
direction
that,
in
computing
the
income
of
the
appellant
for
its
fiscal
years
ending
January
31,
1945,
and
January
31,
1946,
there
shall
be
excluded
from
the
total
of
the
sales
any
amount
in
respect
of
periodicals,
books
or
other
publications
theretofore
delivered
and
in
the
hands
of
retail
dealers
on
the
said
dates
respectively,
for
the
purchase
price
of
which
such
dealers
were
not
then
liable
to
the
appellant
and,
from
the
total
of
purchases,
any
amounts
as
the
purchase
price
of
such
goods
and
the
amounts
set
up
in
the
accounts
of
the
appellant
for
the
said
years
as
a
reserve
for
loss
on
returns
shall
be
deleted.
I
would
allow
the
appellant
its
costs
in
this
Court
and
in
the
Exchequer
Court.
Appeal
allowed.