News of Note
Income Tax Severed Letters 21 January 2026
This morning's release of 11 severed letters from the Income Tax Rulings Directorate is now available for your viewing.
The “suspended dividend” rule in proposed s. 129(1.3) can operate anomalously
Here is an example of the rule’s operation:
An individual (X) wholly-owns Holdco, (with a December 31 year end), which wholly-owns Investco (with a November 30 year-end). In its November 30, 2026 taxation year, Investco earns $100,000 of rental income, resulting in $30,667 being added to its non-eligible refundable dividend tax on hand (NERDTOH) balance. On November 30, 2026, it pays an $80,000 non-eligible taxable dividend to Holdco. On March 31, 2027, Holdco pays an $80,000 taxable dividend to X and utilizes its GRIP balance to designate $30,000 of that amount as an eligible dividend. Both Investco and Holdco have balance-due dates (BDDs) two months after their year-ends.
S. 129(1.3) denies Investco’s November 30, 2026, RDTOH refund because the payee, Holdco, is an affiliated private corporation with a BDD after Investco's BDD. However, the $80,000 taxable dividend paid by Holdco on March 31, 2027, will allow Investco to recover its “suspended” $30,667 NERDTOH in that subsequent year.
S. 129(1.32) does not distinguish between an eligible and non-eligible taxable dividend paid by the payee, so that this NERDTOH refund occurs even though Holdco's dividend is partly an eligible dividend – so that there is a more favourable result than if no “suspension” had occurred.
Untoward consequences include:
- A suspended dividend appears to be permanently forfeited if any taxpayer other than the payer relies on a dividend paid by the payee to obtain an RDTOH refund. For example, if Holdco received a $100 ERDTOH refund for its December 31, 2027, taxation year because it paid the $80,000 taxable dividend to X on March 31, 2027, this seemingly would permanently disqualify Investco's entire $80,000 “suspended” dividend from generating a future refund.
- If the dividend payer corporation experiences a loss restriction event after its dividend has been suspended, s. 129(1.32)(a)(i) prevents any subsequent de-suspension.
- In light of Vefghi, where the payer corporation and the beneficiary corporation have aligned but non-calendar year-ends, dividend suspension may still apply by virtue of the dividend being recognized in the beneficiary's subsequent taxation year.
Neal Armstrong. Summary of Kenneth Keung and Taylor Greening, “Suspended dividend and denied RDTOH refund under new subsection 129(1.3),” Tax for the Owner-Manager, Vol. 26, No. 1, January 2026, p. 2 under s. 129(1.3).
Ingredion – Tax Court of Canada finds that a proposed Crown pleading that an arm’s length interest rate would be nil was “untenable”
The Minister considered that the cross-border “hybrid instrument” structure at issue should be recharacterized as an equity investment in the taxpayer by its U.S. parent, and reassessed and pleaded accordingly based on ss. 247(2)(b) and (d).
The Minister now sought leave to amend such pleadings to state that, to the extent the parties dealing at arm's length would have entered into the transactions (which was denied), at all times the arm's length rate of interest for the money that the taxpayer borrowed from its U.S. parent as part of the series was 0%, so that the interest actually charged should be denied pursuant to ss. 247(2)(a) and (c).
In refusing such amendment, Sorensen J stated:
[I]n an environment in which annual inflation is greater than zero and Treasury Bills offer even negligible yields, the idea of handing $300M to an arm’s length party in a business-to-business transaction with nil interest is untenable. …. [B]aldly pleading an untenable fact does not meet the threshold for amending a pleading.
Neal Armstrong. Summary of Ingredion Canada Corporation v. The King, 2026 TCC 3 under s. 247(2)(c).
We have translated 6 more CRA interpretations
We have translated a further 6 CRA interpretations released in December of 1999. Their descriptors and links appear below.
These are additions to our set of 3,448 full-text translations of French-language Technical Interpretation and Roundtable items (plus some ruling letters) of the Income Tax Rulings Directorate, which covers all of the last 26 years of releases of such items by the Directorate. These translations are subject to our paywall (applicable after the 5th of each month).
CRA publishes the 9 October 2025 APFF Roundtable
CRA has published the final version of the 9 October 2025 APFF Roundtable, along with two of the items (Q.8 and Q.9) from the 9 October 2024 APFF Financial Planning Roundtable. There were essentially no changes from the provisional answers given in October other than that, in the case of Q.9 of the regular APFF Roundtable, CRA noted that in order for shares of the Opco in that question to qualify as having QSBC shares, those shares could not be owned exclusively by Holdcos, so that CRA assumed that at least one share was owned directly by an individual.
For convenience, the table below links to these Roundtable items and the summaries which we prepared in October.
Premier Fasteners – Tax Court of Canada notes that CRA can use the s. 152(7) alternative assessment approach at any time
While auditing the 2013 and 2014 taxation years of the taxpayer, CRA repeatedly asked for supporting accounting documentation, to no avail. It then issued a requirement to RBC for the taxpayer’s bank statements, and used them to perform a bank deposit analysis. It then reassessed the taxpayer pursuant to s. 152(7), based on the results of that analysis by inter alia adding unreported revenue of $1.8 million and $4.6 million for the 2013 and 2014 taxation years, respectively.
Before finding that the bank deposit analysis as performed was reliable and not fundamentally flawed, and largely affirming the reassessments insofar as they related to understated revenue, Derksen J stated (at para. 28):
[S.] 152(7) does not require that the taxpayer’s records be inadequate before the Minister can rely on an alternative assessment technique. Thus, the Court does not have to be satisfied that it was necessary for the Minister to use an alternative assessment technique. The Minister can use an alternative assessment technique at any time regardless of the state of the taxpayer’s records … .
Gross negligence penalties were also sustained, given that it should have been evident that the bookkeeper was not able to handle the workload.
Neal Armstrong. Summaries of Premier Fasteners Inc. v. The King, 2026 TCC 2 under s. 152(7), s. 163(2) and s. 261(1) – relevant spot rate.
CRA amends its amalgamation Folio to discuss the EIFEL rules
CRA has published a revised version of its Folio on amalgamations that reflects the interaction of the amalgamation rules with the EIFEL rules. Observations include:
- S. 87(2.1)(a.1) provides that the amalgamated corporation is a continuation of its predecessors for purposes of computing its cumulative unused excess capacity (CUEC).
- However, pursuant to s. 111(5.01), the CUEC of a taxpayer for any taxation year ending after a loss restriction event is determined without regard to component elements in the CUEC computation that occurred in taxation years ending before that time.
- The rule in s. 87(2.1), permitting the amalgamated corporation to deduct various types of losses of predecessors, also applies to restricted interest and financing expenses (RIFE).
- However, the loss streaming and denial rules in ss. 111(4) to (5.4) are also applicable to RIFE on an acquisition of control, which is to be tested on an amalgamation under the s. 256(7)(b) rules.
Neal Armstrong. 49 summaries of Income Tax Folio S4-F7-C1, Amalgamations of Canadian Corporations, dated January 8, 2026 including under s. 87(2.1)(a.1), s. 111(5.01), s. 87(2.1) and s. 111(5).
Chuang – BC Court of Appeal finds that the foreign buyer’s tax applies to all of the purchase price of a Canadian who acquires in part for a non-resident beneficiary
Ms. Hsia, a Canadian citizen, and her fiancé, Mr. Chuang, a foreign national, bought a residential property in a “specified area” (i.e., subject to the foreign buyer’s tax) of B.C. Mr. Chuang contributed 40% of the purchase price but registered a 5% interest on title, while Ms. Hsia registered the remaining 95% interest and her mother contributed 60% of the purchase price.
The additional transfer tax (“ATT”) imposed pursuant to the Property Transfer Tax Act (B.C.) (the “PTTA”) was paid based on 5% of the declared fair market value of the property. The Chambers Judge concluded that, by operation of law (i.e., resulting trust), Ms. Hsia held a substantial portion of her registered 95% interest in trust for Mr. Chuang.
On this basis, Fleming, J.A. concluded that ATT had been correctly assessed on the FMV of the property. In particular:
- Ms. Hsia was a “taxable trustee” under the s. 2.01 definition, i.e., although she was not a foreign entity herself, she was the trustee of a resulting trust for a “foreign entity” (Mr. Chuang), who held a beneficial interest in the residential property to which the transaction related; and
- accordingly, s. 2.02(5)(a) applied, which provided that the ATT was to be calculated on the (total) transaction FMV where each transferee was a foreign entity or a taxable trustee.
Fleming, J.A., indicated that thus the “legislature expressly contemplates a Canadian transferee being liable for the additional transfer tax as a taxable trustee”, i.e., “the definition of a ‘taxable trustee’ captures both a foreign entity and a Canadian entity holding some interest in property in trust for a foreign entity”.
Neal Armstrong. Summary of Chuang v. British Columbia, 2026 BCCA 10 under Property Transfer Tax Act (B.C.), s. 2.02(5)(a).
Income Tax Severed Letters 14 January 2026
This morning's release of 17 severed letters from the Income Tax Rulings Directorate is now available for your viewing.
Royal Credit Services – Ontario Divisional Court finds that the Ontario-Quebec MOU does not apply to inconsistent methods for interprovincially allocating income as filed by the taxpayer
In its 2011 returns, Royal Credit treated itself as a loan corporation (as described in Reg. 405 of the federal ITA Regulations) in its Quebec returns, and as a general corporation (as described in Reg. 402 of such Regulations) for Ontario purposes. As a result, a higher portion of its income was allocated to Quebec for Quebec income tax purposes than was allocated to Quebec for Ontario income tax purposes.
It sought to have CRA (in its capacity of agent for the Ontario Minister of Finance) resolve this double taxation issue at the intergovernmental level by initiating negotiations under the interprovincial MOU. CRA refused.
In denying this application for judicial review of that decision, Charney J found (consistent with the CRA and ARQ view) that the MOU relevantly only dealt with the situation where one province was “proposing to change the application of the allocation formula used by a taxpayer,” whereas here, neither province was proposing to change the allocation formula that the taxpayer had applied for each province.
In passing, Charney J noted that Royal Credit had recently brought a successful proceeding in the Quebec Superior Court for judicial review of the refusal of the ARQ to switch Royal Credit over to the Reg. 402 general corporation method for its 2011 taxation year, with the result that the ARQ was now required to reconsider that request.
Neal Armstrong. Summary of Royal Credit Services Inc. v. Ontario (Minister of Finance), 2026 ONSC 115 under Reg. 402.
Neal H. Armstrong editor and contributor